Fossil Fuel - Compressor and turbine work

7/23/2019 Fossil Fuel - Compressor and turbine work

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE

MECE4410U Fossil Fuel Energy Conversion

LABORATORY REPORT

Course Instructor: Dr. Bale Redd

La! Instructor: Dr. "u# S$#

LAB REPORT %: &

LAB GROUP NU'BER %:

LAB GROUP 'E'BERS

% Surna(e Na(e ID S#)nature

* +u(ara,elaut$a( -#not$ */&&0&1

2

/

&

Remarks:

I3 one #n )rou4 c$eats5 t$e ent#re )rou4 6#ll !e res4ons#!le 3or #t.

Pla)#ar#s( and d#s$onest 6#ll not !e tolerated. T$e )rou4 (e(!er7s85 6$o don9t s#)n t$e re4ort5 6#ll !e cons#dered not contr#!uted; and )#,en


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Table of Conens

Pa)e %

Introduct#on>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>..................................................*

T$eoret#cal Bac=)round>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>...............................*

E?4er#(ental Un#t and Procedure>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>........2

Results and D#scuss#on>>>>>>>.................................................................&

Conclus#ons>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>...................................

Ac=no6led)e(ent 7#3 a44l#ca!le8>>>>>>>>.............................................

No(enclature>>>>>>>>>>>>..........................................................

Re3erences>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

A44end#? 7#3 a44l#ca!le8>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.

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Introduct#on

In t$#s e?4er#(ent5 t$e o!@ect#,e #s to o!ser,e and anal


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2/: Re,ers#!le constant 4ressure $eat add#t#on Fuel and a#r #s (#?ed at constant 4ressure to

)enerate $ot )asses

/&: Isentro4#c E?4ans#on $ot )ases are e?4anded t$rou)$ tur!#ne at constant entro4&*: Re,ers#!le Constant Pressure Heat Re@ect#on: E?$aust and #nta=e #n t$e ccle

T$ese tur!#nes are co(4act and $a,e a $#)$ 4o6er to 6e#)$t rat#o5 t$ere3ore t$e are 4re3erredo,er t$e stea(6ater tur!#nes. It #s #deal 3or a#rcra3ts5 and ot$er a44l#cat#ons 6$ere t$e 6e#)$t o3

t$e eu#4(ent #s #(4ortant 3or t$e e33#c#enc o3 t$e sste(. For e?a(4le5 a#rcra3t tur!#nes

o4erates on a @et 4ro4uls#on ccle. In #deal @et 4ro4uls#on ccles t$e )ases are not e?4anded toa(!#ent 4ressure5 !ecause t$e tur!#ne 4o6er #s onl needed to 4o6er t$e co(4ressor and ot$er

eu#4(ent 7Net 6or= out4ut 8. T$e )ases are released a3ter tur!#ne #n a#rcra3ts and s#(#lar

a44l#cat#ons $a,e a no


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Figure .! Turbo&e engine/ s$'e(ai$ of 'e syse( an) lo$aion of ea$' sages

Alt$ou)$ t$e e?4er#(ent 6as conducted ! t$e teac$#n) ass#stant5 so(e sa3et 4rocedure 6as3ollo6ed. Students 6ere to stand at a sa3e d#stance 3ro( t$e e?$aust o3 t$e tur!#ne5 and 6eres4ons#!le 3or 6ear#n) sa3et )o))les. Re3er to La!orator (anual & 3or e?act sa3et 4rocedure

3ollo6ed ! teac$#n) ass#stant *.

Results and D#scuss#ons

*.

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Table 1! Resuls for urbine roaion s"ee) of a""roi(aely 000 r"(

E"eri(en 2ae ****2*& Ti(e &J.1&

A(os"'eri$ Pressure

P0

**./21 =Pa A(os"'eri$

Te("eraure/ T0

2

Co("ressor 3nle

Pressure/ P1

2.&& Co("ressor 3nle

Te("eraure/ T1

*2.*K

Co("ressor Ei

Pressure/ P2

KJ.1/ Co("ressor Ei

Te("eraure/ T2

.K

Turbine 3nle

Pressure/ P3

KJ. Turbine 3nle

Te("eraure/ T3

&K0.&

Turbine Ei Pressure/P

4

J.*0 Turbine Ei

Te("eraure/ T4

JK.22

E'aus as Pressure/P

5

&.* E'aus as

Te("eraure/ T5

&*K./

Fuel Flo5 6L7'8 *./J Turbine Roaion9"ee) 6RPM8

110&

T'rus 6:8 &1.2J

Table %! Resuls for urbine roaion s"ee) of a""roi(aely ; 000 r"(

E"eri(en 2ae ****2*& Ti(e 2./&

A(os"'eri$ PressureP

0

**./21 =Pa A(os"'eri$

Te("eraure/ T0

2

Co("ressor 3nle

Pressure/ P1

/.01 Co("ressor 3nle

Te("eraure/ T1

**.11

Co("ressor Ei

Pressure/ P2

*&J.2J Co("ressor Ei

Te("eraure/ T2

*&.12

Turbine 3nle

Pressure/ P3

*&1.K Turbine 3nle

Te("eraure/ T3

1&.&


4

*1.*J Turbine Ei

Te("eraure/ T4

J*K.J

E'aus as Pressure/P

5

*.J1& E'aus as

Te("eraure/ T5

&J*.2

Fuel Flo5 6L7'8 *1.1 Turbine Roaion

9"ee) 6RPM8

J10

T'rus 6:8 1J./2

Table 1! Resuls for urbine roaion s"ee) of a""roi(aely


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E"eri(en 2ae ****2*& Ti(e 0*.1&

A(os"'eri$ PressureP

0

**./21=Pa A(os"'eri$

Te("eraure/ T0

2

Co("ressor 3nle

Pressure/ P1

J.12 Co("ressor 3nle

Te("eraure/ T1

**.

Co("ressor Ei

Pressure/ P2

2*&.1 Co("ressor Ei

Te("eraure/ T2

*&/.0

Turbine 3nle

Pressure/ P3

2*&.2 Turbine 3nle

Te("eraure/ T3

J/0.0


4

2./0 Turbine Ei

Te("eraure/ T4

J&/.K

E'aus as Pressure/P

5

*.K* E'aus as

Te("eraure/ T5

1K.2

Fuel Flo5 6L7'8 2*./ Turbine Roaion

9"ee) 6RPM8

1/K

T'rus 6:8 K&.21

2.

0 50 100 1500

50

100

150

200

250

Compressor Exit/Inlet Pressure vs Time

Inlet Compressor

Pressure vs time

Compressor Exit

Pressure vs time

Time (s

Pressure! "P#

Figure .a! Co("ressor Ei73nle Pressure vs Ti(e

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0 50 100 1500

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Compressor Inlet/Exit Temper#ture vs time

Inlet Compressor

Temper#ture vs time

Exit Compressor

Temper#ture vs time

Time (s

Temper#ture! C

Figure .b! Co("ressor 3nle7Ei Te("eraure vs Ti(e

0 50 100 1500

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Tur$ine Exit/Inlet Temper#ture vs Time

Tur$ine Exit

Temper#ture vs TimeTur$ine Inlet

Temper#ture vs Time

Time (s

Temper#ture! C

Figure .$! Turbine Ei73nle vs Ti(e

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0 50 100 150

%50

0

50

100

150

200

250

Tur$ine Inlet/Exit Pressure vs Time

Tur$ine Inlet Pressure

vs Time

Tur$ine Exit Pressure

vs Time

Time (s

Pressure! "P#

s

F#)ure /d: Tur!#ne InletE?#t Pressure ,s T#(e

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400

5

10

15

20

25

&uel &lo' s Time

Time (s

&uel &lo' )/*r

s

F#)ure /e: Fuel Flo6 ,s T#(e

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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

T*rust vs Time

Time! (s

T*rust! +

s

Figure .f! T'rus vs Ti(e

iscussion

Bot$ co(4ressor outlet 4ressure and te(4erature r#ses cont#nuousl unt#l #t 4ea=s at a!out*s t$en #t dro4s sl#)$tl 7F#)ure /a and /!8. T$e 4ressure dro4s (uc$ 3aster t$an t$e

te(4erature. In t$e e?#t 4ressure read#n)s5 t$e 4ressure dro4s a l#ttle d#33erent t#(es5 $o6e,er t$e

o,erall 4lot s$o6s )radual #ncrease 7F#)ure /a8. Tur!#ne #nlete?#t te(4erature 4lot 4ea=s ,eru#c=l 7F#)ure /c8. T$en #t 3luctuate !ut t$e 4ea= ,alue re(a#ns constant. As 3or 4ressure at #nlet

#s sa(e as co(4ressor e?#t 4ressure5 t$ere3ore #t loo=s s#(#lar to t$at 4lot5 6$ere #t #ncreases 6#t$

t#(e 7F#)ure /d8. Ho6e,er t$e tur!#ne e?#t 4ressure #s ,er lo65 (uc$ l#=e t$e #nlet co(4ressor4ressure 4ro3#le5 !ut #t st#ll #ncreases ,er slo6l. Bot$ t$rust ,s t#(e and 3uel 3lo6 ,s t#(e s$o6

s#(#lar relat#ons as t$e !ot$ #ncrease unt#l 4ea= co(4ressor e?#t 4ressure 4o#nt at a!out 0Ks5

7F#)ure /e and F#)ure /38. T$e 3uel 3lo6 4lot s$o6s a sudden dro4 #n 3uel 3lo6 r#)$t a3ter t$e

start5 !ut t$en #t u#c=l #ncreases at nor(al rate.

.- 9"e$ifi$ En'al"y for ea$' s"ee) a ea$' sage/ $al$ulae) using EE9 sof5are-

At 11r4(5

h1=285.8 kj

kg, h2=781.6 kj

kg, h3=912.7 kj

kg, h4=704.3 kj /kg

At J1 r4(5

h1=285.2

kj

kg, h

2=378.6

kj

kg,h

3=844.8

kj

kg,h

4=924.5 kj /kg

At 1 r4(5

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h1=284.7

kj

kg, h

2=418.5

kj

kg, h

3=948.3

kj

kg, h

4=952.5 kj /kg

4- 9"e$ifi$ 5or= )one by 'e $o("ressor 61#%8 an) urbine 6.#48!

S#nce T/ ,alue #s less t$an T& ,alue unt#l a!out 1 r4(5 6e 6#ll onl calculate 6or= 3or

1/K r4( as s$o6n #n Ta!le /.

Co("ressor:

W=(h2h1 ) W=418.5284.7W=133.8 kj/kg

T$ere3ore t$e co(4ressor 6or= #s *//.K =@=).

Turbine:

Wout=(h3h4 ) Wout=952.5948.3Wout=4.2 kj /kg

T$ere3ore t$e tur!#ne 6or= out4ut #s &.2 =@=)

- 9"e$ifi$ energy a))e) by 'e fuel is/

For 11 r4(5

Q=h3h2=912.7 kj

kg781.6 kj

kg=131.1 kj

kg

For J1 r4(5

Q=h

3h

2=844.8

kj

kg378.6

kj

kg=466.2

kj

kg

For 1 r4(5

Q=h

3h

2=948.3

kj

kg418.5

kj

kg=529.8

kj

kg

;- 9"e$ifi$ >or= an) Effi$ien$y of 'e $y$le

S4ec#3#c 6or= done ! t$e ccle #s5

Wnet=Wc+Wt=133.8 kj

kg+4.2

kj

kg=138kj/kg

E33#c#enc o3 t$e ccle 3or 1r4(5

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n=Wt+WCQin

=

4.2kj

kg+133.8

kj

kg

529.8kj

kg

=0.2626 ,

Thereforetheefficiency of the cycle is about26

. T$rust S4ec#3#c Fuel Consu(4t#on 7TSFC85 6#t$ FuelA#r rat#o o3 **&. D#esel dens#t o3

.K2l=)l

At 11r4(5

TSFC=(FuelFlowrate)

Thrust =(10.36

l

hr0.82 kg /L

3600 s

45.26N )=5105kg /s

At J1r4(5 5TSFC=

(Fuel Flowrate )Thrust

=(15.57

l

hr

0.82kg /L

3600 s

56.32N )=6.3105kg /s

At 1r4(5 5

TSFC=(FuelFlowrate)

Thrust =(21.37

l

hr0.82 kg /L

3600 s

84.25N )=6.6105kg /s

Conclus#on

In conclus#on5 t$#s e?4er#(ent 6as conducted to !etter understand t$e Braton ccle !

o!ser,#n) and anal


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Re3erences

* La!orator 'anual &: Tur!oet En)#ne. 'ECE&&*U: Foss#l Fuel Ener) Con,ers#on.

La!oroator FEAS. UOIT. Fall 2*&.

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Fossil Fuel - Compressor and turbine work

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