FLOWER ARRANGEMENT

SUNIL KUMAR

DESINGED BY

Sunil KumarResearch Scholar/ Food Production FacultyInstitute of Hotel and Tourism Management,MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAKHaryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499email:  skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com  linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumarfacebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com 

INTRODUCTIONFlower arrangement is the combination of several elements to produce a visually pleasing display of fresh, silk or dried flowers. Flowers are arranged in several basic designs, including vertical, horizontal, triangular, crescent, and oval arrangements. Other options include a minimal arrangement, such as the lazy “S” or “Hogarth’s Curve,” and free-standing arrangements. Hogarth’s curve is named for English painter William Hogarth who introduced designs shaped like the curves of the letter “s” into floral design.

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Types of flower Acacia Ageratum Amarylis Baby's-breath Bachelor's-button Belladonna Calla Candytuft Canna Canterbury bellCaper Carnation Daffodil Dahlia Daisy Dandelion Easter lily Eucalyptus

Gardenia Gentian Geranium Ginger Heath Heliotrope Hollyhock Honeysuckle Iris Jack-in-the-pulpit Jasmine JonquilL Lady's-slipper Larkspur Lavender Licorice Lilac Lily

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WESTERN FLORAL IDEASWestern Floral Ideas For a western event

structured flower arrangements would look out of place. If you want a total old west motif, you will want to have your flowers look simple and hand done. Remember in the old west they would not have had a florist and hot house flowers. .

Types of flowers used for western arrangement :

Wildflowers, Gerbera Daisies, Asters, Snap Dragons, Spray Roses, Marigolds, Black-eyed Susan, Sunflowers, Wax Flowers, Crocusmia (Mt. Bresia), Limonium Misty, Solidago, Delphinium and shafts of Wheat

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Western style arrangement

Float candles in galvanized pails or wide mouth Mason jars. Use a wide mouth Mason jar. Add a couple of inches of

water. Float a single flower head in the water. To keep your flower from sinking in the water, cut a circle from a Styrofoam plate that is slightly smaller than the flower. Push the flower stem through the middle of the Styrofoam and place into the water. The stem should only be about an inch long.

Wrought-iron candelabras will add to the festive, outdoorsy atmosphere, a fitting scene for a formal western event.

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Types of Foliage Plants:  Achyranthes

Alternanthera Dracæna (Cordyline)--Indivisa Dracæna Leopard Plant--Farfugium grande Pandanus Pandanus utilis Pepper The Rubber (Ficus.) Saxifraga: S. sarmentosa tricolor Sensitive Plant (Mimosa pudica Zebra Plant (Maranta zebrina)-- Anthericum (A. variegatum)– Araucaria Aspidistra Caladium Coleus

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Types of FLOWERLine Flowers Line flowers have tall

narrow profiles and are used both vertically and horizontally to establish an arrangement's height and width. They include gladioli, delphiniums, freesias, larkspur and giant snapdragons.

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Focal Flowers : Focal flowers

are the largest and showiest flowers in an arrangement. Roses, peonies, hydrangeas, football chrysanthemums and lilies are some focal flowers.

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Filler Flowers : Clusters of

individual flowers on a single stem, like babies' breath, statice, wax flowers, limonium and solidaster, provide color and body between the line and focal flowers.

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Textured Flowers : Textured flowers create visual interest. The contrast between a dozen densely frilled variegated carnations and a smooth, sleek, solid colored vase, for example, makes a simple but striking arrangement.

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Fragrant Flowers : Stargazer lilies,

freesia, lilac, stock, some roses and wax flowers all have pleasing fragrances. They add an unexpected and haunting dimension to flower arrangements.

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TYPES OF FLOWER ARRANGEMENT

Circular shape: Arranging flower in

circular design adds a pleasing element. It is satisfying to the viewer's eye. The circular or round shape is loved by nature since majority of flowers lies in this shape. In fact, its also easier to arrange flowers in circular fashion. This type of arrangement is laid on conference tables or on buffet tables. They can be presented to high class executives or politicians on different occasion.

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Triangular shape : It is a most common

arrangement of flowers used in Personal and Professional functions. Firstly, height and width is fixed with flowers and then focal point is established. It is made in the triangle shape and looks very attractive. They are placed on the buffet table or in the side station. In ceremonies we can find this kind of arrangements.

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Crescent shape: The crescent is

asymmetrical and formal. It requires lot of skill and experience. This type of arrangement is very eye catching. It is kept in the lobby of the hotel. It is used as a focal point to catch the attention of the guest.

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Fan shape : It is a low arrangement and it does not interfere with conversation across the table. It is a fan or a horizontal in shape generally placed in the restaurant either in buffet or on dining table. Hotel rooms also have this kind of arrangement

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Hogarth or 'S' shape:

This is very graceful style of arrangement. It is easier to make when curved branches are used. Once 'S' shape is made, flowers are filled at the center.

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Ikebana: IT means 'making flowers live' in Japanese. People in Japan use flowers to symbolize season. They represent ideal harmony between earthy and eternal life. In each arrangement there is an imaginary triangle tallest line represent heaven, towards the heaven is man and the lowest line looking up to both is earth. This is been practiced for past 100 years. The formal type of flower arrangement is called Seika style. Floating type of arrangement is called Ukibana and basket type of arrangement is called Morimano.

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GUIDELINES FOR FLOWER ARRANGEMENT A fresh flower arrangement is one of the best gifts a person

can receive.  Every arrangement carries love and a special message for the recipient.  As a result a fresh floral arrangement can literally brighten up their day and make them feel they are loved and cared about.  Here are some special care tips for floral arrangements that will help the arrangement last longer.

Selecting the Floral Arrangement If you plan to buy flowers that are already

arranged, look them over carefully to make sure that they are fresh.  Ideally, the flowers should just be starting to open. None of the flowers should have any spots on them.  If the flowers are not already arranged ask the florist to use flowers that are just beginning to bloom.  Choose flowers that have a longer life span like chrysanthemums, carnations, anthuriums or orchids.

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Watering Water your flowers when they arrive and then

change the water completely every other day.  The florist will include a package of preservatives with your arrangement to help it last longer.  Follow the directions on the package.  An important care tip for floral arrangements is to use the exact amount of water the directions call for.  If you dilute the preservative too much or don´t add enough water it will damage your floral arrangement.  If for some reason you don´t receive the package of preservative or you run out, you can place an aspirin or a pinch of salt in a quart of water and it will work the same as the preservative.  Spray the entire arrangement lightly with water every 2 to 3 days to help keep it fresh.

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Stems Every 2 to 3 days trim the stems on all of the flowers. 

Before you cut them off, place the stems in a large pan of warm water and cut them while they are under the water.  This will allow the water to enter the stem immediately.  This is one of the most important care tips for floral arrangements.  Use a pair of garden sheers or sharp scissors and cut off one half inch.  Be sure to cut them at an angle so the stems don´t rest flat on the bottom of the vase.

Leaves

One of the care tips for floral arrangements warns you to remove any leaves that are lower on the stems and that would be touching the water in the vase.  When the water touches the leaves it causes them to decay and allows bacteria to form inside of the vase causing the flowers to wilt faster.

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Temperature Be careful where you place your floral

arrangement.  It needs to be placed in a temperate area that isn't too cold or too hot.  Extremes will damage your flowers.  The ideal temperature for your floral arrangement is 65º -70º F.  Be careful not to put it in direct sunlight or in a draft so that the leaves don´t become dehydrated.  By following these simple care tips for floral arrangements you will receive the maximum enjoyment from your flowers.

D. Damore, a 30 year veteran in the retail floral industry, shares his experience on the different aspects of fresh cut flowers, green and flowering plants for all occasions.

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First things First! Materials

Fresh floral material(carnations, baby’s breath, backer’s fern)

Floral Container

Floral Foam (Oasis)

Florist wire and wire cutters

Sharp florist Knife

Florist shears

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ESSENTIAL FLORIST EQUIPMENTEssential Items for your WorkboxScissors - to cut stems, wires, ribbon etc. Knife – for cutting stems and floral foam. Take

care how you store this in your box to avoid any unnecessary accidents.

Secateurs - used for cutting thick woody stems. Same care as above

Wires- used to support, control and anchor materials or to lengthen stems. Wires come in different sizes. It is a good idea to keep wires in separate boxes or containers as the ends can be quite sharp, also store different sized wires separately for easy access. Wires should be kept in a dry area to avoid rusting.

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Tape - this is used to conceal wires and seal stem ends. There are usually two types of tape – one made of a very fine plastic material which stretches over wires, stems etc and is pliable when warmed up by your hand, while the other is more like crepe paper which is slightly sticky. Floral tape should be kept dry.

Pot tape – sticky tape used to secure foam into containers

Fix – adhesive which comes in a roll and can be cut into small pieces. Generally used to fix plastic frogs to a container

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Glue gun - Used to attach ribbon to foam bases; attaching foam to containers, attaching swags or flowers into bouquet holders. There are two types – hot and cool. Cool is usually used with materials that may melt.

Stapler- Used to attach ribbon or create a ribbon base. Use with care so not to staple ourself and put away after use.

Plastic tubes - Ideal for single stemmed flowers. Keep stored away to ensure clear work space.

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Ribbon - to finish off bouquets, plants etc to add an attractive finishing touch. Again usually stored on a roll.

Gift cards and care cards - for the recipient to know where the flowers have come from (and usually why!!) and to know how to care for their flowers/plant etc. Gift cards are usually on display in the florists for the sender to choose.

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The Flower Containers

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UrnsBasketsGlass vasesCeramic vases Grapevine wreathMetal containersTrays Boxes FoamsTerra cotta pots

EXAMPLE OF FLOWER ARRANGEMENTTulip Wedding

BouquetTulip itself has a lot of

varieties. Combining them with other flowers create an inifinite choice of lovely wedding bouquets.

For a cascade bouquet, mix white tulips with bright yellow calla lilies. Or you can have an all-white bouquet with white tulips and white stephanotis.

For round bouquets, mix white tulips and red roses.

For hand-tied bouquets, get white tulips, agapanthus, snapdragon and lisianthus and tie them together with a white satin ribbon.

Tulips wedding bouquets will create a romantic atmosphere on your most memorable day. It is the perfect wedding bouquet any bride can have on her wedding day. SUNIL KUMAR

Hope you have enjoed the slides

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DESINGED BY

Sunil KumarResearch Scholar/ Food Production FacultyInstitute of Hotel and Tourism Management,MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAKHaryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499email:  skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com  linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumarfacebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com