Α.Fleming ανακάλυψη της Πενικιλλίνης
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Transcript of Α.Fleming ανακάλυψη της Πενικιλλίνης
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.Fleming
10 2009
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1) A. Fleming2) 3) 4) 5)6)
. Fleming
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FLEMING
6 1881 East Ayrshire. , . 20 ,
, . , , , St Mary's Hospital. 1906 . , , , ,
, St Mary's, , . T 1914 St Mary's.
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1922, , , .
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British Journal ofExperimental Pathology, 1929, .
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1881 , . , , . ( ) 14 . , . ,
4 . 250 , . St.Mary's Medical School , . 1914 ,
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. , 1921 , , . , , . 1928 . ,
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, . Penicillium notatum , 800, .
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1929, . 1932. , . ,
Howard Florey Ernst Chain, , : !
' 1945 .
, 1946 , , .
1955 , -.
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, Gram-, . . 1928, , St Mary , , ., , , . . , , . , , , ,
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1929 British Journalof Experimental Pathology .
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' ,
, Howard Florey , Norman Heatley , ,
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Penicillium notatum.
. Penicilliumnotatum.
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. , . . , Penicilliumnotatum . . , " "
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M Penicillium notatum
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, . .
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- + R.
Penicillin G, Penicillium notatum (1928) Penicillin V
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, , ( -) ( ) . (R), .
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. (Alexander Fleming, 1881-1955) 1928, ( ) . ,
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ANTIBIOTIKO
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Penicillium streptomycin Streptomyces. , sulfa.
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.
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, , .
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, (gram-positive) (gram-negative) Gram , -
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. 40-
. : lipopeptides (daptomycin), glycylcyclines (tigecycline), oxazolidinones(linezolid). Tigecycline ,
Gram .
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, , , ,
, 2.500 . , ,
, . , . Penicillium sp. ErnestDuchesne 1897.
, .
- Salvarsan
PaulEhrlich 1909,
. , ,
. 1928 . , ErnstChain HowardFlorey
. 1945 .
,
.
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FloreyChain 1939,
. ,
.
(ATP).
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,
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( )
Penicillium () ,
().
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(), .
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( ).
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.
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