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Ref.: CL/4223

Subject: First Consultation on the implementation of the 2015 Recommendation concerning the Protection and Promotion of Museums and Collections, their Diversity and their Role in Society

The “Recommendation concerning the Protection and Promotion of Museums and Collections, their Diversity and their Role in Society” was adopted by the 38th session of the UNESCO General Conference in 2015. This new standard-setting instrument highlights some fundamental aspects of the role of museums in contemporary societies, contributing to our collective effort to achieve sustainable development and intercultural dialogue. It aims to assist Member States in the development and implementation of adequate policies and provisions relating to museums, to preserve heritage in all its forms, stimulate creativity, and serve as a transformative power in the cultural, social and economic fields.

Unlike Conventions, Recommendations do not require a ratification procedure. Utmost consideration should be given to the integration of their directives into national legislation and practice, therefore.

To this end, Article VIII of the Organization’s Constitution requires Member States to report on the legislative and administrative provisions made, as well as on any other measures taken, to implement UNESCO Conventions and Recommendations. In accordance with this requirement, the Secretariat will submit to the 40th session of the General Conference (2019) the first consolidated report on the implementation by Member States of the 2015 Recommendation, together with the comments of the Executive Board’s Committee on Conventions and Recommendations on said report.

With this in mind, the 202nd session of the Executive Board, held in October 2017, approved the reporting guidelines, which should be carried out through a survey prepared by the Secretariat (202 EX/Decision 24.VII), and requested the Secretariat to submit the first consolidated report to its 206th session, in spring 2019.

I am pleased, therefore, to address to your Government the attached guidelines, as well as the survey, both of which are available online at the following Internet address:

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0025/002527/252798E.pdf (pages 54-77)

I would be most grateful if the survey could be completed by the competent authorities in line with the instructions provided in the survey document, and returned to UNESCO at the address indicated below by 30 August 2018.

CL/4223 – page 2

This first exercise is of particular importance, as it will provide the Secretariat with recent data concerning statistics and activities, policies and good practices at the national, regional and international levels, thus allowing for an evaluation of the challenges faced by the global museum sector as a whole. Moreover, it will point to priority fields for possible multilateral cooperation through UNESCO and partner networks.

The outcomes of the survey will be analysed carefully, and then will be shared with Member States in the form of a consolidated report that will be submitted to the 40th session of the General Conference.

For your ease of reference, all documents relating to the adoption process of the Recommendation, as well as past decisions in that regard, can be consulted at the following Internet address:

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/museums/recommendations-on-the-protection-and-promotion-of-museums-and-collections/

Should you require any additional information or further assistance on the reporting process, we invite you kindly to contact the Moveable Heritage and Museums Section within the Culture Sector by e-mail at: [email protected], or by post at the following address:

UNESCO Culture SectorDivision for Heritage(Attn Bernards Zako)7 Place de Fontenoy75352 Paris 07 SPFrance

With my renewed thanks for your unerring cooperation and invaluable support, I ask that you please accept, Sir/Madam, the assurances of my high consideration.

Audrey AzoulayDirector-General

Enc.

cc: National Commissions for UNESCOPermanent Delegations to UNESCO

CL/4223Annex

ANNEX

Guidelines for the preparation of the reports from Member States on the application of the UNESCO 2015

Recommendation concerning the Protection and Promotion of Museums and Collections, their Diversity and their Role in Society

UNESCO’s Member States are invited to send to the UNESCO Secretariat information on their implementation of the 2015 Recommendation concerning Museums and Collections.

Please send the completed survey, by 30 August 2018 at the latest, by email to: [email protected] and/or by postal mail to: Mr Bernards Zako, Division for Heritage, Culture Sector, UNESCO, 7 place de Fontenoy 75007 Paris, France.

I. Introduction

A. About the Recommendation

1. The UNESCO Recommendation concerning the Protection and Promotion of Museums and Collections, their Diversity and their Role in Society was adopted by the UNESCO General Conference in 2015 and calls upon Member States to guarantee an enabling environment for museums and related institutions to fulfil their cultural, social, educational and economic roles in contemporary societies.

2. The Recommendation provides definitions of museums, heritage and collections, and recognizes the challenges faced by Member States in guiding museums and related institutions to fulfil their missions. It recommends the implementation of policies and measures strengthening the primary functions of the museums - preservation, research, communication and education – as well as fostering the multifaceted roles of museums in contemporary contexts, considering the effects of globalization, economy and quality of life, as well as the advent of information and communication technologies (ICTs).

3. The General Conference (38 C/Res 49) “invites Member States to take the appropriate steps to adapt this new instrument to their specific institutional and socio-cultural contexts; disseminate it widely across the territories under their jurisdiction and their control; facilitate its implementation through the formulation and adoption of supporting policies and guidelines, as well as to monitor its impact on the protection and promotion of museums and collections” and “encourages Member States and relevant local authorities to identify, within their specific contexts, the critical steps required to implement the new instrument, which may include the following:

(a) undertake comprehensive surveys and mapping of museums and collections in the territories under their jurisdiction or their control, analysing their general conditions relating to socio-economic and other pressures;

(b) explore the modalities for adapting their existing legal, administrative and institutional frameworks and/or developing appropriate principles and guidelines through consultations, especially with museum authorities, stakeholders and other partners;

(c) assess the specific conditions of museums and collections, especially from the point of view of preservation (conservation, inventory and storage) and institutional vulnerability (human resources, management, financial means) in order to better guide the process of adapting the existing frameworks in light of their specificities;

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CL/4223Annex

(d) integrate museums and collections into a wider framework of national and regional cultural policy development, which shall provide indications of fields that require careful attention when planning, designing and implementing projects relating to museums and collections;

(e) prioritize actions for the preservation and development of museums and collections.”

4. The 2015 Recommendation is applicable to museums and related institutions owing collections, judged important by Member States for their character of representing diversity of their heritage of all forms. In addition to the museums’ contribution to some of the fundamental missions of UNESCO, their roles also concern areas covered by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development1 to build a more sustainable and peaceful world.

B. Reporting obligations

5. In accordance with Article VIII of UNESCO’s Constitution, “Each Member State shall submit to the Organization […] reports […] on the action taken upon the recommendations and conventions referred to in Article IV, paragraph 4.”

6. Following the adoption of the 2015 Recommendation, and in accordance with the Specific multi-stage procedure for the monitoring of the implementation of UNESCO conventions and recommendations for which no specific institutional mechanism is provided, as adopted by the Executive Board at its 177th session (177 EX/Decision 35.I) and amended at its 196th session (196 EX/Decision 20), the first consolidated report on its implementation is to be submitted by the UNESCO Executive Board to the 40th session of the UNESCO General Conference.

7. The UNESCO Secretariat provides assistance to facilitate the monitoring of the implementation of the Recommendation, placing it within the larger context of efforts to contribute towards the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

8. All Member States, given their commitment to implementing the 2015 Recommendation and their reporting obligations, should provide information on the legislative and other measures that have been taken pursuant to the 2015 Recommendation and the ways in which national legislations, policies and programmes correspond to its provisions. Information supplied by Member States should demonstrate how national laws, policies and practices comply with international commitments under the 2015 Recommendation, describing legal norms as well as actual implementation.

9. For the full text of the 2015 Recommendation please follow this link: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002463/246331m.pdf

C. Definitions of terms

10. For the purpose of this survey, the following definitions of “museum”, “collection” and “heritage” have been adopted on the basis of the 2015 Recommendation. (Chapter I, paras. 4-6)

11. The term “museum” is defined as a “non-profit, permanent institution in the service of society and its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity and its environment for the purpose of education, study and enjoyment. As such, museums are institutions that seek to represent the natural and cultural diversity of humanity, playing an essential role in the protection, preservation and transmission of heritage.”

1 http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/development-agenda/

CL/4223Annex – page 3

12. The word “collection” is defined as “an assemblage of natural and cultural properties, tangible and intangible, past and present. Every Member State should define the scope of what it understands by collection in terms of its own legal framework, for the purpose of this Recommendation.”

13. The term “heritage” is defined as “a set of tangible and intangible values and expressions that people select and identify, independently of ownership, as a reflection and expression of their identities, beliefs, knowledge and traditions, and living environments, deserving of protection and enhancement by contemporary generations and transmission to future generations. The term heritage also refers to the definitions of cultural and natural heritage, tangible and intangible, cultural property and cultural objects as included in the UNESCO culture conventions.”

D. Main issues

14. While the Recommendation covers a wide range of issues that can affect the fulfilment of museums of their recommended roles, this survey concentrates on the most significant issues notably in achieving UNESCO’s fundamental missions and the contribution to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

15. Primary functions: The Recommendation stresses the importance for museums to fulfil their fundamental functions to safeguard the heritage of humanity. This is also a prerequisite to contribute further to the development of societies in terms of social, educational, cultural and economic aspects. Museums’ primary functions were defined as:

– Preservation (acquisition, creation and maintenance of professional inventories, collection management, risk analysis, development of preparedness capacities, emergency plans, security, preventive and remedial conservation, restoration, while optimizing the conditions for the integrity of the collections in use and in storage) (para 7-8);

– Research (study of collections, by museums or in collaboration with other institutions to explore the full potential of museums) (para. 9)

– Communication (interpretation, dissemination of knowledge on collections, monuments and sites, organisation of exhibitions, public events, cultural activities and interaction with the public in physical and digital means, access and social inclusion) (paras. 10-11)

– Education (formal and non-formal education, lifelong learning, development and transmission of knowledge, educational and pedagogical programmes, partnerships with other institutions notably schools, about civic life, preserving heritage, and fostering creativity and other related social topics) (para. 12)

16. Museums and Society: The Recommendation highlights four issues which have the most impact on the functioning and modalities of museums’ activities and provides directives to address them:

– Globalization (mobility of collections, professionals, visitors and ideas, increased accessibility, homogenization) (para. 13)

Globalization allows a greater mobility of resources and fertile exchanges across borders and this very internationalization may lead to a certain trend toward homogenizing museums, collections and styles of management for the purpose of market profitability.

– Economy and quality of life (museums as economic actors and generators of incomes, tourism economy, projects contributing to quality of life, social inclusion) (paras. 14-15)


Museums are not only agents of public policies but they also increase the connection with a variety of stakeholders, including urban planning and development project partners and owners in private sector and civil society. Their economic roles are therefore to be well-adjusted but without compromising the primary functions of museums. The ways in which museums and collections are managed could be conducted in harmony amidst the needs for maximizing self-sustainability and ensuring integrity of their assets.

– Social role (factor in social integration and social cohesion, strengthening social ties, citizenship, collective identities, openness, physical and cultural access to all, spaces for reflection, debate on historical, social, cultural and scientific issues, foster human rights and gender equality, dialogue with indigenous people) (paras. 16-18)

The social role of museums has been recognized, but significant challenges remain to optimize their potential. Means to develop programmes and activities benefitting all segments of societies require long-term strategies, human resource development and proper allocation of resources and infrastructures. Partnerships and dialogues in developing museums’ activities and collections are recommended especially for museums wishing to provide opportunities to offer themselves as forums on a variety of historical and contemporary issues.

– Information and communication technologies (ICTs) (enhanced opportunities for preservation, study, creation and transmission of heritage and related knowledge) (para. 19)

Advanced technologies are fundamentally changing the relationship between museums, professionals and audiences. These technologies are also changing economic outreach and offer an increased possibility of linking museums and cultural industries. Business models and practices are still emerging. From preservation viewpoints, these technologies have enabled museums to record, store and exchange state-of-the-art information on collections and related knowledge. They also allow museums to reach out to new audiences around the world, while an unfilled digital divide persists among museums, with differing degrees of access to these technologies and capabilities relating to them.

17. Museums and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: The 2030 Agenda indicates the importance of pursuing together the building of a world of universal respect for human rights and human dignity, of respect of cultural diversity, gender equality and permitting the full realization of human potential (para 8). Museums can contribute to these overarching goals and especially for:

o Fostering knowledge and awareness of topics closely related to sustainable development such as food security (Goal 2), water (Goal 6), modern energy (Goal 7), economic growth (Goal 8), infrastructure, industrialization and innovation (Goal 9), consumption and production patterns (Goal 12), climate change (Goal 13), ocean and marine ecosystem (Goal 14), terrestrial ecosystem and biodiversity (Goal 15), technologies (Goal 17);

o Encouraging the acquisition of knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among other, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture‘s contribution to sustainable development (Goal 4.7);

o Ensuring women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life (Goal 5.5);


o Devising and implementing policies to promote sustainable tourism which creates jobs and promotes local cultures and products (Goal 8.9) and developing tools to monitor these benefits (Goal 12.b);

o Empowering and promoting the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status (Goal 10.2);

o Strengthening efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage (Goal 11.4);

o Providing universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities (Goal 11.7);

o Providing the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyle in harmony with nature (Goal 12.8);

o Strengthening the recovery and return of stolen assets (Goal 16.4).

II. How to fill in and transmit the survey

18. The following questionnaire is to guide and assist Member States with their reporting. It aims to collect, in a simplified manner, information on the extent to which Member States have mainstreamed the principles of the 2015 Recommendation in their national systems, and overall implementation issues. Responses to this questionnaire will be considered as the official national report for each Member State.

19. Only one questionnaire per country should be submitted. It is recommended that the questionnaire be filled by the Ministry responsible for museums.

20. Member States with a federal system of governance are invited to provide information on the overall implementation of the 2015 Recommendation in the country rather than its implementation in each individual sub-national state, as appropriate. Space is also provided after the last question for Member States to include any additional information they wish to share.

21. Prior to completing the questionnaire, Member States are encouraged to organize necessary consultations within and outside the Ministry of Culture/Government, including with key, relevant civil society partners to collect the information/data.

22. The questionnaire can be completed electronically and emailed to the following address: [email protected]. The survey should be sent no later than 30 August 2018.

23. If you have any difficulty in completing this survey, please contact the UNESCO Secretariat for assistance: Mr Bernards Zako, Division for Heritage, tel.: (33) 1 45 68 17 14 or email: [email protected]

24. In many countries, different categories of museums can experience different treatment. In particular, there might be different administrative and jurisdictional arrangements among national, federal, regional or city museums and private museums (even if they have public vocation). Similarly, there can be institutions which are not museums but have collections (universities, companies, foundations). Please provide details where different conditions apply to different categories of museums and collections.

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25. As part of the reporting process, good practices will be identified in different areas, and from each region. If you believe your policy or programme is a best practice, please highlight them as such in your response and provide detailed information and possibly links.

26. It is very important for UNESCO to understand how its standard setting-instruments are being implemented globally and what are the greatest challenges faced in their implementation, in order to better identify the goals of international cooperation in this field. This requires your support. While we appreciate that resources are stretched, we would be deeply grateful if you could contribute to this process by responding to this survey. Through comprehensive information, Member States can have a better understanding of the global situation and benefit from each other’s experience for their future policies and actions.

Thank you for your consideration and cooperation. We very much look forward to your report.


Protection and Promotion of Museums and Collections

2018 Survey of UNESCO Member States

Information about respondent

Country _____________________________________________

Name and title of the respondent _________________________

Institution/department __________________________________

Email _______________________________________________

Mailing address ______________________________________

Date of submission ____________________________________

Signature: Minister of in charge of Museums or other designated official as judged appropriate (e.g. Director-General of Culture, Heritage, Secretary-General of the UNESCO National Commission or other)

____________________________________________________

General

1: no 2: slight 3: fair 4: good 5: full

1 2 3 4 5

1. In your country, to what extent are the guiding principles of the 2015 Recommendation (e.g. fundamental functions of museums, social, cultural, educational and economic role, cultural diversity and tolerance, equality and non-discrimination, peace and non-violence, justice, human rights, gender, human survival and well-being, sustainable development, intercultural dialogue, etc.) reflected in your domestic legislations/policies/guidelines concerning museums and collections?

Statistics

Please provide the most recent national general statistics concerning museums and collections in your country Please specify data source and year:


1. Number of registered museums and related institutions2 in terms of administrative responsibility

International

State, central or national

Federal

Regional

Municipal/Cities

District

Community

A trust (public enterprise), public foundation

A non-profit private body

A commercial enterprise

Association

Private, individual or family business

Religious institutions

University

Others (specify)

2. Number of registered museums and related institutions in terms of major themes and collections

Art

Archaeology

World Heritage sites related museums

History (general, national, regional, federal, territorial, cities, communities, etc.)

Memorial

Natural history and natural science

Literature

Science and technology

2 The 2015 Recommendation also refers to collections which are not held in museums but collections, judged important by Member States for their character of representing diversity of their heritage as subject of the Recommendation (para. 32).


Folk Arts, Ethnography and Anthropology

Music

General

Inter or multi-disciplinary (specify)

Others (specify)

3. Number of items by collections category (if known)

Art

Archaeology

World Heritage sites

History (general, regional, federal, national, territorial, cities, communities, etc.)

Memorial

Natural history and natural science

Literature

Science and technology

Folk Arts, ethnography and anthropology

Music

General

Inter or multi-disciplinary (specificity)

Other (specify)

4. Do you have other data sources available than governmental/public ones concerning the museum statistics in your country?

If yes, please specify and possibly indicate the link to such statistics:

5. Does/Do legislation/specific legal regulations, policies and guidelines concerning museums and collections exist?

If yes, please specify:

Nature Title Reference number Year of issuance

Legislations/regulations


Policies

Guidelines

Please provide details where differences and particularities exist concerning regulations relating to museums and collections within your country.

6. If you answered yes to question 5, does/do decrees enforce the implementation of the legislation(s)?

If yes, please specify the reference number and year of issuance of decree(s)

Title Reference number Year of issuance

7. Operational status: are there museums which are not operating or closed for some reasons?

If yes

Please if possible specify the number and reasons

General and functional policies

The questions below concern the implementation of section IV, General Policies and Functional Policies, of the 2015 Recommendation

1. Adherence to existing international instruments and principles

Member States are called upon “to take appropriate measures so that museums and collections in the territories under their jurisdiction or control benefit from the protective and promotional measures granted by [existing international instruments relating cultural and natural heritage] and “also to take appropriate measures to strengthen museum capacities for their protection in all circumstances” (para 20). “Museums also should adhere to the principles of international instruments for the fight against illicit trafficking of cultural property and should coordinate their efforts in this matter… Finally, “museums must also take into account the ethical and professional standards established by the professional museum community. Member States should ensure that the role of museums in society is exercised in accordance with legal and professional standards in the territories under their jurisdiction”. (para. 21)

1.1 Does your government have legislations, policies and guidelines which regulate the missions and activities of museums to enforce their adherence to existing international instruments? If so, please explain how they have been implemented in line with the Conventions outline below.

UNESCO 1954 Convention and its two protocols


UNESCO 1970 Convention


UNIDROIT 1995 Convention



If you have not yet ratified these Conventions and implemented them, are you considering the possibility of integrating the principles expressed in these Conventions in your museum-related legislations, policies and guidelines? Please explain.

What are your suggestions for developing a closer link and synergies between the UNESCO 2015 Recommendation and other UNESCO heritage programmes and recommendations, including the World Heritage, Urban Heritage, Intangible Cultural Heritage and Cultural expressions? What are your activities at national level, if any, to develop the links and synergies between these Conventions, Recommendations and programmes?

1.2 In particular reference to the 1970 UNESCO Convention, does your government’s existing legislations, policies and guidelines provide museums, related institutions and private collections, and owners with guidance concerning issues below?

Please specify references (name, reference and year)

Acquisition

De-accessioning

Collection management

Provenance research

Documentation/inventory practice

2. Allocation of human and financial resources

Member States are requested to “support and develop museums in accordance with their primary functions, and in this regard develop the necessary human, physical and financial resources needed for them to function properly” (22) and to take “appropriate measures to facilitate the employment of qualified personnel by museums in the territories under their jurisdiction with the required expertise. Adequate opportunities for the continuing education and professional development of all museum personnel should be arranged to maintain an effective workforce.” (27)


2.1 Is your government’s policy of allocating human, physical and financial resources based on the evaluation of needs for museums and related institutions?

If yes

Please specify:

2.2 Please indicate the annual budget volume for the national museum sector (global or by activity/function) and its percentage out of the whole budget allocated for heritage/culture

Global Budget Or by activity/function which receive budgets (e.g. conservation, acquisition…)

% out of the total

Culture related museums

Science related museums

Others

2.3 Does your government have human resource policies for museums, for example, a public examination for selecting qualified museum professionals or supplying a determined number of graduates of relevant disciplines which is appropriate compared with the number of posts to be filled, on short- and long-term prospects?

If yes

Please specify

2.4 Does your government provide scholarship and training programmes for mid-career professionals and in general for workers of the museum sector, and/or any supporting measures for their continued professional development including mobility?

If yes

Please specify

3. Diversity of museums and collections


The recommendation states that “the diversity of museums and the heritage of which they are custodians constitutes their greatest value” and requests Member States to “protect and promote this diversity, while encouraging museums to draw on high-quality criteria defined and promoted by national and international museum communities”. (23).

3.1 During the period covering this survey, how many new initiatives reflecting the diversification of your country’s museums and collections were launched, in particular with a view to diversity, and what are their natures?

Please specify the number of new initiatives since 2016

Registrations and creations of new museums Number

Please specify examples

Reorganization of existing museums and collections

Number


Others Number


Functional policies

The questions below concern the implementation of section IV, second segment, Functional Policies, of the 2015 Recommendation.

4. Museums’ fundamental functions and public participation

Member states are invited “to support active preservation, research, education and communication policies, adapted to local social and cultural contexts, to allow museums to protect and pass down heritage to future generations. In this perspective, collaborative and participative efforts between museums, communities, civil society and the public should be strongly encouraged” (24)

4.1 Does your government have legislations, policies and guidelines to support museums to fulfil their primary functions of preservation, research, education and communication?

If yes

Please specify:

Element Title of the legislations, policies or guidelines

Year of issuance

Preservation (acquisition, creation and maintenance of professional inventories, collection management, risk analysis, development of preparedness capacities, emergency plans, security,

Acquisition

Inventories

Collections management


preventive and remedial conservation, restoration

Risk analysis and preparedness

Emergency planning

Security

Preventive/remedial conservation

Restoration

Others

Research (study of collections, by museums or in collaboration with other institutions)

Communication (interpretation, dissemination of knowledge on collections, monuments and sites, organisation of exhibitions, public events, cultural activities and interaction with the public in physical and digital means, access and social inclusion)

Interpretation

Knowledge transfer

Exhibitions

Public events/cultural activities

Access

Social inclusion

Education (formal and non-formal education, lifelong learning, development and transmission of knowledge, educational and pedagogical programmes, partnerships with other institutions notably schools, about civic life, preserving heritage, and fostering creativity and other related social topics)

Formal and non-formal education

Lifelong learning

Knowledge development and transfer

Pedagogical programmes

Partnership with other institutions for social topics

4.2 If yes, do these legislations, policies and guidelines take into account local specificities?


If yes

Please specify:

4.3 Does your government provide guidance and take concrete measures to promote participative and collaborative efforts among different stakeholders having influence and involvement with the museum sector (for instance, city planning authorities, educational institutions, civil society groups, youth, people with special needs, or groups of people having specific links and interests with collections possessed by museums)?

If yes

Please specify:

5. Documentation of museum collections

Member States should take appropriate measures to ensure that the compilation of inventories based on international standards is a priority in the museums established in the territory under their jurisdiction. The digitization of museum collections is highly important in this regard, but should not be considered as a replacement for the conservation of collections. (25)

5.1 Does your government have a specific legislation, policy or guidelines to enforce the establishment of inventories of collections, public or private, with basic elements, manual or digital?

If yes

Please specify reference and year of issuance:

5.2 Does your government enforce a periodical inventory control of museum collections by law?

If yes

Please specify reference and year of issuance:

5.3 Does your government enforce a standardized/unified inventory system (manual or digital) at national (or other appropriate) level with guidance on standards of documentation?

If yes

Please specify:

If no, what are the main reasons why such a unified inventory system has not been established in your country?

5.4 Does your government enforce or recommend digitization of collections with guidance on standards of data formats and data storage?

If yes


Please specify

6. Code of ethics and professional standards

The Recommendation encourages Member States to promote the adoption and dissemination of codes of ethics3 and good practices and to use them to inform the development of standards, museum policies and national legislation. (26)

6.1. Does your government’s existing legislations, policies and guidelines indicate the need for adopting codes of ethics or constituency of the museums and related institutions to guide their activities and professional behaviours so that they are in compliance with ethical standards of conduct?

If yes

References

If codes of ethics were adopted for your country’s museums, please specify the title(s) and year(s) of adoption, and possibly the link to the texts

7. Funding mechanism and partnerships

The effective functioning of museums is directly influenced by public and private funding and appropriate partnerships. Member States should strive to ensure a vision, adequate planning and funding for museums, and a harmonious balance among the different funding mechanisms to enable them to carry out their mission to the benefit of society with full respect for their primary functions. (28)

7.1 Does your government have strategies, policies or guidelines concerning funding partnerships or in-kind contribution schemes for museums in different sectors?

If yes

Please specify examples of good practices

7.2 Are museums/collections of your country considered as national assets, evaluated in financial terms?

If yes

Please specify

8. Museums and ICTs

The functions of museums are also influenced by new technologies and their growing role in everyday life. These technologies have great potential for promoting museums throughout the world, but they also constitute potential barriers for people and museums that do not have access

3 Such as ICOM’s code of ethics


to them or the knowledge and skills to use them effectively. Member States should strive to provide access to these technologies for museums in the territories under their jurisdiction or control. (29)

8.1 Does your government provide access to ICTs for museums, as a part of e-government policy for instance?

If yes

Please specify

8.2 Does your government have legislations, policies or guidelines concerning the use of ICTs in the museum’s work for collection management?

If yes

References

8.3 Does your government encourage free electronic access to collections by legislations, policies or guidelines?

If yes, please specify/provide references and/or examples of good practice

8.4 Does your government have legislations, policies or guidelines concerning the intellectual property and copyrights for digital reproduction and other virtual resources which are published, relating to the collections?

If yes

References

9. Social role of museums

Member States are encouraged to support the social role of museums that was highlighted by the 1972 Declaration of Santiago de Chile. Museums are increasingly viewed in all countries as playing a key role in society and as a factor in social integration and cohesion. In this sense, they can help communities to face profound changes in society, including those leading to a rise in inequality and the breakdown of social ties. (16) Museums are vital public spaces that should address all of society and can therefore play an important role in the development of social ties and cohesion, building citizenship and reflecting on collective identities. Museums should be places that are open to all and committed to physical and cultural access to all, including disadvantaged groups. They can constitute spaces for reflection and debate on historical, social, cultural and scientific issues. Museums should also foster respect for human rights and gender equality. Member States should encourage museums to fulfil all of these roles. (17) In instances where the


cultural heritage of indigenous peoples is represented in museum collections, Member States should take appropriate measures to encourage and facilitate dialogue and the building of constructive relationships between those museums and indigenous peoples concerning the management of those collections and, where appropriate, return or restitution in accordance with applicable laws and policies. (18)

The social role of museums, along with the preservation of heritage, constitutes their fundamental purpose. The spirit of the 1960 Recommendation concerning the Most Effective Means of Rendering Museums Accessible to Everyone remains important in creating a lasting place for museums in society. Member States should strive to include these principles in the laws concerning the museums established in the territories under their jurisdiction. (30)

9.1 Has your government taken specific measures to integrate the principles of museums’ social roles, such as prompting social integration and cohesion and strengthening social ties by promoting activities relating to these aspects?

If yes

Please specify:

Examples for good practices if any:

9.2 Has your government taken specific measures to facilitate the physically safe and intellectual access for all, notably children, older persons and disadvantaged groups to museums and collections? (it also refers to 2030 Development Agenda Goal 11.7);

If yes

References


9.3 Has there been a specific programme promoting issues relating to contemporary societal concerns, including human rights and gender equality, in your museum sector?

If yes

References


9.4 Has your government engaged efforts in promoting dialogue and partnerships between museums and populations having specific links with collections, and where appropriate, initiated or responded to claims of return or restitution of heritage, in accordance with applicable laws and policies? If so, please elaborate.

Case Number Examples for good practices if any:

Dialogue with populations having links with collections

Engagement in dialogues for return or restitution (either as


claimer or respondent)

10. Multi-level cooperation

Cooperation within the museum sectors and institutions responsible for culture, heritage and education is one of the most effective and sustainable ways of protecting and promoting museums, their diversity and their role in society. Member States should therefore encourage cooperation and partnerships among museums and cultural and scientific institutions at all levels, including their participation in professional networks and associations that foster such cooperation and international exhibitions, exchanges and the mobility of collections. (31)

10.1 Does your government have data concerning cooperation and partnership established during the period covering this survey? If yes, please specify:

Number Technical cooperation (exchange of

collections, touring exhibitions, joint research etc.)

Human resource development

(collection management,

technical skills..)

In-country cooperation

Regional cooperation

International cooperation

Public-private partnerships

Others (please specify)

10.2 Does your country have a national agency or section in related ministries dedicated to the museum sector (such as the directorate general of museums, section of museums)?

If yes

Please specify name(s):

And if yes, is this agency/section autonomous management structure or attached to a higher division?

10.3 Does your country have a non-governmental national or public association of museums, including the national committees of International Council of Museums (ICOM)?

If yes

Please specify:


11. Collections held in other institutions

The collections defined in paragraph 5, when held in institutions that are not museums, should be protected and promoted in order to preserve their coherence and better represent the cultural diversity of those countries’ heritage. Member States are invited to cooperate in the protection, research and promotion of those collections, as well as in promoting access to them. (32)

11.1 Does your government have specific definitions and legislations relating to collections which are not stored in museums run by public authorities?

If yes

Please specify:

11.2 Does your government have specific legislations, policies and guidelines to promote the access to collections owned by institutions and individuals other than museums run by public authorities?

If yes

Please specify:

12. Measures concerning the UNESCO 2015 Recommendation

Member States should take appropriate legislative, technical, and financial measures, in order to design public planning and policies enabling the development and implementation of these recommendations in museums situated in the territories under their jurisdiction. (33) Member States should promote international cooperation in capacity building and professional training, through bilateral or multilateral mechanisms including through UNESCO, in order to better implement these recommendations and especially to benefit the museums and collections of developing countries.(35)

12.1 Since the adoption of the 2015 Recommendation, has your government taken appropriate actions to promote it towards all stakeholders concerned?

Yes

Please specify:

12.2 What initiatives have been taken to review public planning and policies concerning the implementation of the 2015 Recommendation? Please provide any information on the measures taken by your country to incorporate the principles of the 2015 Recommendation in constitutional, legal and policy frameworks.

Please specify:


12.3 Has there been any institutions/agencies designated and involved at national level to lead the process of the implementation of the 2015 Recommendation?

If yes, please specify:

Governmental bodies (ministries, agencies, ...)

National Commission

Museums (Specify)

Cultural institutions (specify)

Scientific institutions (specify)

Educational institutions (specify)

National branches of international associations/organizations (specify)

Others (specify)

12.4 Since the adoption of the 2015 Recommendation, have there been initiatives benefitting the implementation, including the establishment of new museums, meetings, capacity-building and professional training in line with the provisions provided by the Recommendation, including those with national, regional and international partnership, including UNESCO? If so, please provide details.

Yes

Please specify:

Examples of good practices if any:

13. Audience development

In order to contribute to the improvement of museum activities and services, Member States are encouraged to support the establishment of inclusive policies for audience development. (34)

13.1 Does your government have specific policies concerning audience development in museums?


Yes

Please specify:


13.2 Does your government have specific policies to encourage quality experience of visitors?

Yes

Please specify:


Museums and 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Museums’ scopes and works are spanning over the disciplines and fields for sustainable development. The questions below concern the impact of your museum sector for pursuing the goals adopted by 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

14. Please provide number and references of national initiatives that you deem contributing to the achievement of internationally agreed sustainable development goals.

Goals Number of museums having permanent exhibitions dedicated to the topics of the related goal (and possibly specify details)

Number of museums’ temporary activities on the related goal (and possibly specify details )

Food security (2)

Water (6)

Modern energy (7)

Economic growth (8)

Infrastructure, industrialization and innovation (9)

Consumption and production patterns (12)

Climate change (13)

Ocean and marine ecosystem (14)

Terrestrial ecosystem and biodiversity (15)

Technologies (16)

Sustainable development

Sustainable lifestyles - providing the


relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyle in harmony with nature (12.8)

Human rights (4.7)

Gender equality (4.7)

Cultural diversity and its contribution to sustainable development (4.7)

Ensuring women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life (5.5)

Sustainable tourism, promotion of local cultures and products (8.9)

Empowering and promoting the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status (10.2)

protection and safeguarding of the world’s cultural and natural heritage (11.4)

Strengthening the recovery and return of stolen assets (16.4)

15. Please provide additional information, opinions and remarks concerning the situation of your country’s museum sector below. In particular, please state the challenges you have encountered in implementing the provisions of the Recommendation and the fields for which you expect most assistance from UNESCO and other Member States/organizations.

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