Final Report: Energy Efficiency and Feasibility … Report Energy Efficiency Feasibility Study and...

Final Report

Energy Efficiency Feasibility Study

and

Resulting Plan for the Bay Mills Indian Community

U.S. Department of Energy Tribal Energy Program

Award # DE-EE0005173

Project Officer:

Lizana K. Pierce

[email protected]

Prepared by:

Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan, Inc.

Environmental Services Division

Sault Ste. Marie, MI 49783

Technical Contact:

Chris Kushman

[email protected]

March 2014

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

1

Executive Summary In 2011 the Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan, Inc. was awarded an Energy Efficiency

Development and Deployment in Indian Country grant from the U.S. Department of Energy’s

Tribal Energy Program. This grant aimed to study select Bay Mills Indian Community

community/government buildings to determine what is required to reduce each building’s energy

consumption by 30%. The Bay Mills Indian Community (BMIC) buildings with the largest

expected energy use were selected for this study and included the Bay Mills Ellen Marshall

Health Center building, Bay Mills Indian Community Administration Building, Bay Mills

Community College main campus, Bay Mills Charter School and the Waishkey Community

Center buildings. These five sites are the largest energy consuming Community buildings and

comprised the study area of this project titled “Energy Efficiency Feasibility Study and Resulting

Plan for the Bay Mills Indian Community”.

The end objective of this study, plan and the Tribe is to reduce the energy consumption at the

Community’s most energy intensive buildings that will, in turn, reduce emissions at the source of

energy production, reduce energy expenditures, create long lasting energy conscious practices

and positively affect the quality of the natural environment.

This project’s feasibility study and resulting plan is intended to act as a guide to the

Community’s first step towards planned energy management within its buildings/facilities. It

aims to reduce energy consumption by 30% or greater within the subject facilities with an

emphasis on energy conservation and efficiency. The primary goals of the project are to foster a

culture of energy conservation and maximize long-term savings. In order to meet these goals,

this project provided both specific strategies and efficiency items for reducing energy usage. The

completed document contained a five year implementation and reinvestment plan to largely

cover efficiency improvement costs. No cost conservation measures constituted the short-term

actions. The mid-term and long-term actions are planned to be funded by contributing 50% of the

cost savings to an energy savings account. The information and strategies in this project were

intended to be a resource for an ongoing process of planning, implementation and evaluation of

energy efficiency and conservation.

The energy audits and related power consumption analyses conducted for this study revealed

numerous significant energy conservation and efficiency opportunities for all of the subject

sites/buildings. In addition, many of the energy conservation measures require no cost and serve

to help balance other measures requiring capital investment. Reoccurring deficiencies relating to

heating, cooling, thermostat setting inefficiencies, powering computers, lighting, items linked to

weatherization and numerous other items were encountered that can be mitigated with the energy

conservation measures developed and specified during the course of this project.

Project Overview The Bay Mills Indian Community Energy Reduction Feasibility Study was accomplished by

collecting historical energy consumption data, analyses of historical energy use data, detailed

energy audits including occupant and building manager interviews, thermography evaluation,

itemized energy consumption calculations, energy conservation and energy efficiency

alternatives research, energy conservation measure choice, energy conservation measure savings

and cost calculations, reinvestment and sequence strategies to meet objectives and community

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awareness throughout the project. These efforts were utilized with the objective of reducing

each building’s energy consumption by 30% or greater.

Project Objectives The completed Bay Mills Indian Community Energy Reduction and Feasibility Study and

Resulting Plan project’s objectives were centered on conducting a feasibility study and

developing a plan to reduce energy consumption at Bay Mills Indian Community’s most energy

use intensive buildings by 30%. Within these two main objectives were many underlying

objectives that were the framework of the project and include:

Emphasis on education relating to conservation, new technologies, high efficiency

hardware and building practices, renewable energy, environmental impacts of

existing energy sources and potential for reinvestment into Community owned

systems versus paying others

Supply the recipe to BMIC that can be used to reduce energy consumption 30%.

Provide BMIC with the information to reduce energy bill expenditures.

Provide BMIC with the information to effectively reduce their share of emissions at

coal fired electricity plants.

Provide BMIC with the information to reduce dependency on nonrenewable energy.

Help provide BMIC with the basis to begin incorporating renewable energy and

hardware within the Community.

Help enable another avenue for BMIC to connect with their cultural value of respect

for the earth and living inhabitants.

Help provide construction related employees with skills relating to new energy

efficiency practices that can be marketable.

Description of Activities Performed Community awareness was a fundamental activity that took place throughout this project.

Presentations, pamphlets, interviews, staff involvement and cooperative energy efficiency

strategy development were instrumental in creating community awareness.

Activities performed in this project began by looking at each building’s current energy use in the

form of electricity and natural gas utility bills. Two years of previous utility bills were collected,

analyzed and formed the numbers representing existing energy use. These past numbers served

as the baseline for comparison to energy conservation measures. In addition to yearly energy

use, plotting historical monthly use was analyzed to determine increases associated with seasonal

loads tied to heating and cooling.

Following the collection and analyses of historical energy consumption, detailed energy audits

were conducted at each building. Room by room energy audit inspections were conducted with

the knowledge and assistance of Hugh Clark, an HVAC specialist within the Bay Mills Indian

Community Maintenance Department. Energy consuming devices, thermostats, occupant

behaviors and building envelop conditions were documented and entered into a building energy

use calculation spreadsheet. Within the spreadsheet, each column contained an energy

consuming item within the building and calculations for daily and yearly kilowatt hours/ccf and

costs. In addition, energy conservation measure costs, savings, payback and overall percentage

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of energy reduction were also calculated. This calculation spreadsheet allowed an item by item,

room by room or total building quantitative view of energy use for each building.

Thermography was utilized to evaluate each building’s envelope for deficiencies tied to

insulation and air sealing. Extensive thermal imaging was conducted at near 0F and after dark to

reveal heat loss from insufficient insulation and/or air sealing from attics, foundations, walls,

windows, doors and numerous other building penetrations. Any deficiencies would be reversed

during summer/cooling months with increased energy use to cool buildings. All thermal images

were analyzed and those that revealed deficiencies were included with individual building

information.

Following extensive calculations to quantify all aspects of building energy use, conservation and

efficiency alternatives were researched and evaluated to cut energy consumption with the most

reliable and cost effective alternative. Tribal decision makers were presented with preliminary

findings to discuss alternatives and steer plan energy reduction measures. As with many aging

buildings, the period of time some of these buildings will continue to be utilized is uncertain.

Future building lifespan uncertainty reinforced the focus on maximizing conservation measures

when available. Conservation measures reduced or eliminated capital expenditures that could

possibly be wasted with a newly constructed building.

Following the selection of energy conservation measures, a reinvestment strategy was developed

to help pay or offset capital expenditures associated with energy efficiency measures.

Reinvestment was illustrated within the Plan (also shown below) in a matrix that shows

individual measures, their implementation sequence, savings, capital expenditure and

contribution to energy savings account. Reinvestment is a critical sustainability element of this

energy efficiency reduction project’s plan.

Finally, a comprehensive Bay Mills Indian Community Energy Reduction Feasibility Study and

Resulting Plan document was completed that provided a step-by-step guide to realizing energy

reductions of 30% or greater in the subject facilities.

Conclusions and Recommendations It is the conclusion of this project that energy savings of 30% or greater is feasible and

sustainable within the subject facilities and can be similarly expected in numerous other

buildings and homes. Key elements that were repeatedly discovered in this project that revealed

deficiencies/opportunities are thermostat optimization, computer power management

(hibernation), lighting systems and the benefit of reinvestment of energy savings into other

energy conservation measures. In addition, many of the deficiencies require no capital

expenditure or relatively short payback periods. These “low hanging fruit” constituted energy

conservation measures that were prioritized in this project’s goal of reducing energy and

maximizing long-term savings.

The findings of this project prompt the following recommendations:

Advocate energy audits as a means of energy use reduction/utility bill savings

Create community awareness of potential savings and methods

Develop energy use baseline

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Determine, prioritize and exhaust no-cost energy conservation measures

Develop reinvestment strategy and energy savings account

Implement following reinvestment strategy and sequence

Evaluate energy reduction savings after implementation to validate success

Continue to stay abreast of energy efficiency technology

Specific Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

The following reinvestment/sequence matrix and individual facility energy conservation

measures illustrate the findings and recommendations that were determined through this energy

reduction and feasibility study and resulting plan for the Bay Mills Indian Community.

Energy Savings Reinvestment Matrix

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total

2014 Computer Hibernation BMIC Admin, Health Center, Waishkey Center, Charter School $0 $11,326 $0 $5,663 $5,663 $5,663 $5,663 $5,663 $28,315 $56,630

2014 College Computer Hibernation Admin, Library, Learning Center $0 $2,799 $0 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $6,998 $13,995

2014 Thermostat Optimization BMIC Admin, Health Center, Charter School $0 $12,777 $0 $6,389 $6,389 $6,389 $6,389 $6,389 $31,943 $63,885

2014 College Thermostat Optimization Admin, Mikanuk, Library, Learning Center $0 $6,912 $0 $3,456 $3,456 $3,456 $3,456 $3,456 $17,280 $34,560

2014 Elimination of Redundant Items BMIC Admin, Health Center, Waishkey Center, Charter School $0 $2,174 $0 $1,087 $1,087 $1,087 $1,087 $1,087 $5,435 $10,870

2014 College Elimination of Redundant Items Admin, Mikanuk, Library, Learning Center $0 $905 $0 $453 $453 $453 $453 $453 $2,263 $4,525

2014 Turn Off Entry Electric Heat at Night Health Center $0 $594 $0 $297 $297 $297 $297 $297 $1,485 $2,970

2014 Unplug Unused Summer Items Charter School $0 $598 $0 $299 $299 $299 $299 $299 $1,495 $2,990

2014 Replace Incandesent Bulbs w/CFLs BMIC Admin, Health Center, Waishkey Center, Charter School $48 $862 $0 $431 $431 $431 $431 $431 $2,155 $4,310

2014 College Replace Incandescent Bulbs w/CFLs BMCC Admin, Mikanuk, Library, Learning Center $88 $1,517 $0 $759 $759 $759 $759 $759 $3,793 $7,585

2014 Insulation & Air Sealing BMIC Admin $10,000 $687 $0 $344 $344 $344 $344 $344 $1,718 $3,435

2014 Air Sealing Exteior Doors Waishkey, Charter School $5,200 $906 $0 $453 $453 $453 $453 $453 $2,265 $4,530

2014 College Air Sealing Exterior Door Mikanuk $200 $12 $0 $6 $6 $6 $6 $6 $30 $60

2014 College Insulation BMCC Learning Center $1,953 $122 $0 $61 $61 $61 $61 $61 $305 $610

2014 Retrocommission HVAC System Mikanuk $5,778 $5,778 $0 $2,889 $2,889 $2,889 $2,889 $2,889 $14,445 $28,890

$23,267 $47,969 $23,985 $23,985

2015 Improved Foundation Insulation & Air Sealing BMIC Library $1,104 $255 $22,881 $128 $128 $128 $128 $510 $1,020

2015 Improved Attic Insulation BMIC Learing Center $1,953 $122 $20,928 $61 $61 $61 $61 $244 $488

2015 Interior Lighting BMIC Admin, Health Center, Charter School $15,719 $4,170 $5,209 $2,085 $2,085 $2,085 $2,085 $8,340 $16,680

2015 College Interior Lighting Mikanuk, Library, Learning Center $2,635 $1,191 $2,574 $596 $596 $596 $596 $2,382 $4,764

2015 Pop & Vending Machine Health Center $238 $269 $2,336 $135 $135 $135 $135 $538 $1,076

2015 College Pop & Vending Machines BMCC Admin,Mikanuk, Library $854 $965 $1,482 $483 $483 $483 $483 $1,930 $3,860

2015 Coffe Makers w/Insulated Carafe Admin, Health Center, Waishkey $780 $783 $702 $392 $392 $392 $392 $1,566 $3,132

2015 College Coffe Makers w/Insulated Carafe BMCC Admin,Mikanuk, Learning Center $650 $480 $52 $240 $240 $240 $240 $960 $1,920

$23,933 $8,235 $28,154 $28,102

2016 Exterior Lighting Health Center, Waishkey Center, Charter School $11,077 $3,085 $17,077 $1,543 $1,543 $1,543 $4,628 $9,255

2016 College Exterior Lighting BMCC Campus, Library $5,305 $1,427 $11,772 $714 $714 $714 $2,141 $4,281

2016 Water Heating BMIC Admin, Charter School $3,447 $998 $8,325 $499 $499 $499 $1,497 $2,994

2016 Water Heating BMCC Admin $2,798 $665 $5,527 $333 $333 $333 $998 $1,995

2016 Timed Power Supplies BMIC Admin, Health Center, Waishkey Center, Charter School $3,194 $1,923 $2,333 $962 $962 $962 $2,885 $5,769

2016 College Time Power Supplies BMCC Admin, Mikanuk, Library, Learning Center $2,390 $1,101 -$58 $551 $551 $551 $1,652 $3,303

$28,211 $25,669 $32,644 $32,702

2017 Refrigeration BMIC Admin, Health Center, Waishkey Center $10,395 $1,816 $22,249 $908 $908 $1,816 $3,632

2017 College Refrigeration BMCC Admin $1,890 $296 $20,359 $148 $148 $296 $592

2017 Gymnasium Lighting Waishkey $2,585 $508 $17,774 $254 $254 $508 $1,016

2017 Water Coolers BMIC Admin, Waishkey $573 $119 $17,201 $60 $60 $119 $238

2017 College Water Coolers BMCC Admin $191 $40 $17,010 $20 $20 $40 $80

2017 Water Heating Waishkey Center $2,300 $647 $14,710 $324 $324 $647 $1,294

2017 Interior Lighting Waishkey Center $4,395 $1,291 $10,315 $646 $646 $1,291 $2,582

$22,329 $4,717 $45,375 $35,060

2018 Interior Lighting BMCC Admin $15,563 $1,767 $29,812 $884 $884 $1,767

2108 HVAC Upgrade Waishkey $175,000 $8,111 -$145,188 $4,056 $4,056 $8,111

$190,563 $9,878 -$145,188 $39,999

$288,303 $96,468 -$145,188 $23,985 $28,102 $32,702 $35,060 $39,999 $159,847 $319,694

Energy Savings

Account

Balance

Contribution to Energy Savings Account (50% of Savings)

2015 Year End Totals

Total 5 Year

Savings

Estimated

Annual

Savings

Initial CostFacility ImpactedDescription of Measure




Cumulative Totals

Year

Executed


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Bay Mills Indian Community Charter School (ECMs Totaling 42% Energy Reduction)

The Bay Mills Indian Community Charter School is a single story 17,000ft2 K-6 elementary

school owned by the Tribe. The school was opened in 2003 in its current building, a new

modular structure that was intended to be used for approximately five years during the interim of

when a permanent structure would be built. Ten years later and the structure continues to be

used with no concrete plans to replace the school building. The school has 96 students and has

180 days of classroom instruction per year.

The school utilizes grid electricity and natural gas as sources of energy. Electricity is used for all

items requiring energy except for building heating where natural gas is used. Each room has its

own wall mounted combination heat and air conditioning unit with programmable thermostat.

The school building features wood frame construction, wood siding, vinyl sliding windows, three

sets of double metal utility exterior doors, one single metal entry door, flat roof and elevated off

the ground with skirting along perimeter.

Analyses of the school’s energy consumption history and energy audit information revealed that

heating is the largest energy consuming item followed by interior lighting, refrigeration,

computers, cooling and other items shown in the following chart.

To improve building energy performance, the following Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs)

were developed in response to energy audit and analyses findings. Each ECM is further

described below.

Interior Lighting 15%

Exterior Lighting 4%

Computers 7%

Servers 1%

Heating 55%

Cooling 6%

Hot Water 2%

Refrigeration 6%

Plug In 4%

Energy Consuming Items

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ECM Description of ECM % Energy

Use Savings

Total Cost

Savings

($/year)

Estimated

Capital

Cost ($)

Simple

Payback

(years)

1 Thermostat optimization

(6pm-6am 10 degree setback/step-

up; thermostat heat setting @ 69

degrees; 78 degrees AC)

41%/23.3% $5,619 $0 0

2 Hibernate computers during non-

work hours

62%/3.9% $1066 $0 0

3 Interior Lighting

(Occupancy sensors)

40.0%/5.4% $1,297 $2,156 1.66

4 Exterior Lighting

(LED retrofits and reduce on time)

94.4%/3.7% $897 $5,127 5.71

5 Energy Efficient Water Heaters 62%/1.4% $333 $1,149 3.46

6 Unplug Appliances During

Summer

(Kitchen freezer, fridge, icemaker,

drinking fountain)

37%/2.5% $598 $0 $0

7 Replace Incandescent Bulbs with

CFLs

78.3%/0.3% $67 $4 0.06

8 Timed Power Supplies

(Copiers, Printers, Postage)

49%/0.7% $163 $233 1.5

9 Eliminate Redundant Items

(½ fridge)

100%/0.3% $76 $0 0

10 Exterior Door Air Sealing 0.4%/0.23% $55 $200 3.6

Total 42% $10,171 $8,869 0.9

ECM 1: Thermostat Optimization Existing Conditions

Currently, the building’s heating and cooling operates in a steady-state/occupied

scenario 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. During energy audit visits, the average

thermostat heat setting was 74 degrees and thermostat air conditioning settings at 72

degrees. The building is already equipped with programmable thermostats for nearly

every room. Significant energy is wasted for excessive heating and cooling

temperatures and heating and cooling of building during unoccupied times.

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Energy Conservation Measure

Optimize thermostat heating and cooling thermostat programming in the each

classroom, office and the cafeteria to the EPA recommended temperature during

school hours. In addition, program setbacks and step ups outside of occupied times.

See Appendix – Thermostat Optimization for breakdown of savings/wasted energy.

Thermostat

Setting

Existing Condition New Condition

Heat Avg. 74°F

24hrs/auto

Weekdays 6am-6pm: 69°F

Weekdays 6pm-6am & Weekends 59°

Classrooms & Cafeteria: Heat Off During

Summer

Cooling Avg. 72°F

24hrs/auto

Classrooms & Cafeteria: AC Off During Summer

Office Weekdays 7am-5pm: 78°F

Office Weekdays 5pm-7am & Weekends 78°F

Savings

Building heating energy reduction: 38%

Building cooling energy reduction: 41%

Overall building energy reduction: 23.3%

Annual savings: $5,619

Capital investment: $0

Payback: 0 years

ECM 2: Computer Power Management Existing Conditions

The energy audit of the Charter school determined that work station computer

systems largely remain powered on 24 hours per day and teachers’ laptops are

powered during school hours as they are often taken home for work. Computers that

remain on after work cause unnecessary power consumption and can be mitigated by

hibernating computers after/before school hours.


Hibernating is a power management setting that every computer operating system has

for reducing energy consumption. Utilizing this feature to power down computers

outside of class/work hours will reduce the current wasted energy associated with

keeping computers powered on when the building is unoccupied. Enabling the

Hibernate feature to the specifications below will cause each computer to consume

near zero energy outside of class/work hours (approximately 14 hours/day).

Computer

Type


Workstation Powered on 24/7 Enable Hibernate feature in each computer’s

Power Management settings after 90 minutes of

inactivity.

Laptop On average,

removed after hours

Enable Hibernate feature in each computer’s


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inactivity.

Savings

Computer energy reduction: 62%


Annual savings: $957


Payback: 0 years

Savings are calculated using the following: four computers operating 261 week days

calculated with 10 work hours and 14 efficiency mode hours, 72 weekend days

calculated with 100% hibernation/efficiency mode; 33 computers operating 180

week days calculated with 10 work hours and 14 efficiency mode hours, 72

weekend days calculated with 100% hibernation/efficiency mode.

ECM 3: Interior Lighting Existing Conditions

The school’s interior is equipped with energy efficient T8 fluorescent bulbs and

fixtures on manual light switches. While these lights are efficient, additional

electricity can be conserved by utilizing occupancy sensors to automatically turn a

room’s lights off when unoccupied. U.S. EPA estimates 40-47% savings when

occupancy sensors are used in school settings.


Purchase and install occupancy sensors in 27 rooms that will result in lights

automatically turning off when room is unoccupied. Multi-technology sensors would

be used and prevent lights from unintentionally being turned off (see Appendix –

Lighting for recommended Leviton occupancy sensor unit).

Lighting Item Existing

Condition

New Condition

Interior Lighting High

efficiency

interior

lighting

controlled

manually by

on/off

switches.

Purchase and install 27 occupancy sensors that

will automatically detect if the room is

occupied/unoccupied and control lights by

turning on when occupied and turning off when

unoccupied.

Savings

Interior lighting reduction: 40%



Capital investment: $2,156

Payback: 1.66 years

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Calculations for energy savings are based on a 40% reduction of current electricity

associated with interior lighting.

ECM 4: Exterior Lighting Existing Conditions

The parking lot and building exterior is currently lighted by twelve 450 watt high

pressure sodium lights on a timer that has the lights remaining on ten hours per

night. Both the bulbs’ high wattage and timer on throughout the night cause

energy consumption that can be significantly reduced.


Replace existing 450 watt high pressure sodium bulbs with 56 watt LED retrofit

bulbs and optimize timer for 2 hours on before the start of school and 2 hours

after school. Significant energy will be saved through conservation (reduced on

time) and high efficiency bulb replacement. LED lights also provide advantages

from long operational life.

Exterior

Light


High

Pressure

Sodium

Lights

Twelve 450 watt

exterior lights

remaining on 10

hours per night.

Replace 450 watts HPS bulbs with 56 watt LED

retrofit bulbs. Reset timer to 2 hours on in

morning and 2 hours on in the afternoon/evening

weekdays only.

Savings

Exterior lighting reduction: 94.4%




Payback: 5.71 years

ECM 5: High Efficiency Water Heater Existing Conditions

The school currently uses a 40 gallon electric water heater to meet its need for hot

water. Of the various types of common ways to heat water, electric water heaters

are amongst the most expensive and double that of natural gas or hybrid/heat

pumps. Hot water demand is for kitchen needs and the two restrooms.


Replace the existing electric water heater with a power vented natural gas or

hybrid/heat pump water heater. Both alternatives would result in cutting energy

used for hot water in half while remaining safe and reliable.

Appliance Existing Condition New Condition

Water

Heater

One 40 gallon

standard electric

water heater.

Replace existing water heater with power vented

natural gas or hybrid-electric water heater.

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Savings

Hot water energy reduction: 62%




Payback: 3.46 years

ECM 6: Unplugging Unutilized Items During Summer Months Existing Conditions

Energy auditing revealed that several items that are not utilized/necessary during the

summer vacation months remained on and consuming energy. Items that remained

on included a commercial kitchen freezer, commercial size refrigerator, residential

size refrigerator, icemaker and drinking fountain. With the cafeteria unused during

the summer months, unplugging these appliances is an excellent means of conserving

electricity.


Unplug the commercial sized freezer, commercial sized refrigerator, residential sized

refrigerator, commercial icemaker and drinking fountain during the summer.


Kitchen

Commercial

Freezer

Powered on all year Unplug between school dismissal in spring and

fall start of school.

Kitchen

Commercial

Refrigerator



Kitchen

Refrigerator



Kitchen

Icemaker



Drinking

Fountain

Powered on all year Unplug year round. Drinking water supply

originates from deep groundwater and is cold

without refrigeration.

Teachers’

Lounge

Refrigerator

Powered on all year Remain plugged in all year for office staff

working during summer.

Savings

Subject appliance energy reduction: 23%




Payback: 0 years

ECM 7: Replacing Incandescent Light Bulbs Existing Conditions

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The vast majority of interior lighting at the school is from energy efficient

fluorescent lighting but there are remaining incandescent bulbs. Incandescent

bulbs use approximately four times the electricity as energy efficient alternative

bulbs and can be easily and cheaply replaced.


Purchase and replace incandescent bulbs with energy efficient compact

fluorescent bulbs. Benefits of CFLs will include significantly less energy

consumption for comparable light output and longer bulb life.

Savings Energy reduction from incandescent bulbs: 78.3%


Annual savings: $67


Payback: 0.06 years

ECM 8: Timed Power Supplies Existing Conditions

Various electronic items throughout the building continue to draw “phantom”

power as they sit idle after class/work hours. Energy auditing showed that copiers

and printers continue to draw electricity even when idle and building is

unoccupied.


Purchase five APC P11GTV power strips to power down printers with master

device/hibernating computer automatically and three APC Day & Time

Timer/Surge Protectors to limit power to copiers 10 hours per day.

Plug In

Device


Printer Five printers that are

inconsistently

powered off

Purchase and utilize APC P11GTV power strips to

power down printers when master

device/hibernating computer powers down

Copier Three copy

machines that

continue to draw

power unnecessarily

after work hours

Purchase and utilize APC Day & Time

Timer/Surge Protector to limit power to copiers 10

hours per day

Savings Timed electronic energy reduction: 49%




Payback: 1.5 years

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ECM 9: Removing Redundant Energy Consuming Items Existing Conditions

½ size refrigerator is redundant when other refrigerators are available in building.


Eliminate ½ size refrigerator and utilize other existing refrigerators in the

building.

Savings Energy reduction from eliminating redundant items: 100%


Annual savings: $76


Payback: 0 years

ECM 10: Exterior Door Air Sealing Existing Condition

Overall assessment of the building’s weatherization is good with the exception of

exterior doors that all lack a good seal resulting in air infiltration/heat loss. The

doors are in good condition but lack proper sealing into door frame because of

worn weather stripping and/or improper fit.


Purchase durable door seals/weather strip kits to effectively seal door into frame

and thereby reduce air infiltration/heat loss from leaky closed doors. In addition,

adjust strike plates to ensure that door closes snugly against door seal.

Savings Heating & cooling energy reduction: 0.4%


Annual savings: $55


Payback: 3.6 years

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Lighting 22%

Computers 26%

Servers 7%

Heating 24%

Cooling 4%

Hot Water 8%

Refrigeration 3%

Plug In 6%


Bay Mills Indian Community Administration Building (ECMs Totaling 50% Energy Reduction)

The Bay Mills Indian Community Administration Building is an 11,400ft2 split level office

building owned by the Tribe. The Administration Building was constructed in the early 1970s

and is situated directly on the south shore of the Saint Marys River/Lake Superior. The

Administration Building is connected via a hallway to the Kings Club Casino. The

administration and casino portions of the building share an electric meter but separate gas

meters. The shared electricity meter posed some challenge in differentiating electricity for just

the administration activities portion but was successfully determined from the completed energy

auditing performed in the project. Like many older buildings, the Administration Building has

had additions and building alterations performed. The building serves approximately 25 staff

and is utilized year round.

The Administration Building utilizes grid electricity and natural gas as sources of energy.

Electricity is used for all items requiring energy and natural gas is the primary heating fuel

source and is supplemented by electric baseboard heating in some parts of the building. Heating

is controlled by two programmable thermostats, each tied to a natural gas forced air furnace and

six upstairs offices with individual manual thermostats controlling electric baseboard heating.

The six upstairs offices and the Tribal court offices have individual wall AC units.

The Administration Building features wood frame construction, fiberglass insulation, vinyl

siding, a combination of wood framed and vinyl sliding windows, one glass/aluminum framed

double exterior door, one single metal entry door, one sliding glass door, pitched roof and half of

the building with a blocked basement and the other half on a slab foundation.

Analyses of the Administration Building’s energy consumption history and energy audit

information revealed that computers are the largest energy consuming item followed by heating,

interior lighting, hot water, computer servers and other items shown in the following chart.

14



described below.


Use Savings

Total

Cost

Savings

($/year)

Estimated

Capital

Cost ($)

Simple

Payback

(years)

1 Hibernate computers during

non-work hours

67.4%/13.8% $1,753 $0 0

2 Interior Lighting

(T8 Fixtures, bulbs and

occupancy sensors)

49.4%/9.5% $1,208 $8,372 6.93

3 Energy Efficient Water Heaters

(2)

62%/5.2% $665 $2,298 3.46


(6pm-6am 10 degree

setback/step-up; thermostat heat

setting @ 70 degrees; 76

degrees AC) & Turning Off

Electric Baseboard and Wall AC

Units at Close of Work Day

29%/7.7% $968 $0 0

5 Energy Efficient Refrigerators

(Replace 2 w/ 1 Efficient fridge)

89.4%/2.6% $336 $945 2.81

6 Replace Incandescent Bulbs

with CFLs

78.3%/2.0% $256 $14 0.06



53.4%/1.6% $200 $323 1.61

8 Coffee Makers w/lnsulated

Carafe

92%/1.0% $132 $130 0.98


(Space heaters, ½ fridge)

100%/0.7% $88 $0 0

10 Energy Star Water Cooler 45.2%/0.3% $40 $191 4.81

11 Insulation & Air Sealing

(Air seal attic deck and wall AC;

Insulate attic and foundation)

20%/5.4% $687 $10,000 14.5

15

Total 49.8% $6,333 $22,273 3.51


The energy audit of the Administration Building determined that work station

computer systems largely remain powered on 24 hours per day. Computers that


hibernating computers after/before work hours.




outside of work hours will reduce the current wasted energy associated with keeping

computers powered on when the building is unoccupied. Enabling the Hibernate

feature to the specifications below will cause each computer to consume near zero

energy outside of work hours (approximately 14 hours/day) and thereby result in a

significant reduction in energy.

Computer

Type




inactivity.

Savings

Computer energy reduction: 67.4%




Payback: 0 years

Savings are calculated using the following: twenty-seven computers operating 261

week days calculated with 10 work hours and 14 efficiency mode hours, 72 weekend

days calculated with 100% hibernation/efficiency mode.


The Administration Building’s interior is equipped with T12 fluorescent bulbs and

fixtures on manual light switches. While these lights are more efficient than

incandescent bulbs, newer and more efficient T8 bulbs and occupancy sensors would

result in greater energy savings.

Energy Conservation Measure Purchase and install T8 fixtures, bulbs and occupancy sensors for 24 rooms/offices

that will consume less energy from higher efficiency lights and electricity

conservation by automatically turning off lights when room is unoccupied. Multi-

16

technology sensors would be used and prevent lights from unintentionally being

turned off (see Appendix – Lighting for recommended Leviton occupancy sensor

unit). U.S. EPA estimates 25% savings when occupancy sensors are used in office

settings.


Condition

New Condition

Interior Lighting Ceiling T8

fixtures and

bulbs with

manual on/off

switches

Purchase and install 70 X 2 T8 lamp fixtures

(Grainger item #2PFV4 @ $71.35 each); 10 X 4

T8 lamp fixtures (Grainger item # 3XY83 @

$146.05); 24 Leviton Multi-Technology

Occupancy Sensor Units @ $79.86).

Savings





Payback: 6.93 years

Calculations for energy savings are based on increased efficiency of T8 fixtures over

T12 and a 25% reduction relating to the use of occupancy sensors.

ECM 3: High Efficiency Water Heaters Existing Conditions

The Administration Building currently uses two 40 gallon electric water heaters to

meet its need for hot water. Of the various types of common ways to heat water,

electric water heaters are amongst the most expensive and double that of natural

gas or hybrid/heat pumps. Hot water demand is for kitchen needs and two

restrooms.


Replace the existing electric waters heater with hybrid/heat pump water heaters.

This measure would result in cutting energy used for hot water in half while

remaining safe and reliable. In heat pump mode, these water heaters will use heat

from ambient air and transfer it to the water in the tank. This type of water heater

will be especially beneficial in the furnace/server room where excessive heat is

generated and can be used for water heating.


Water

Heater

Two 40 gallon

standard electric

water heaters.

Replace two existing water heaters with

hybrid/heat pump water heaters that would

consume approximately ½ of the energy of

existing standard electric water heaters.

Savings



17



Payback: 3.46 years



scenario 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. During energy audit visits, heat

thermostat settings averaged 72 degrees on two programmable thermostats and

widely varied on manual thermostats controlling electric baseboards. The electric

baseboard heat is typically set in the mid 70s with no setback to compensate for cold

and drafty north offices. Summer air conditioning thermostat settings average 72

degrees for two central AC units with two programmable thermostats and seven

manually operated wall mounted AC units. Significant energy is wasted for

excessive heating and cooling temperatures and heating and cooling of building

during unoccupied times.


Optimize thermostat heating and cooling programming to the EPA recommended

temperature during work hours. In addition, program setbacks and step ups outside

of occupied times for programmable thermostats and implement procedure to turn

electric baseboard heat at the end of each work day. See Appendix – Thermostat

Optimization for breakdown of savings/wasted energy.

Thermostat

Setting


Heat –

Forced Air

Avg. 72°F

24hrs/auto



Heat –

Electric

Baseboard

Avg. 74°F

24hrs/manual

Weekdays office hours: 70°F

Weekdays 6pm-6am & Weekends: Electric

baseboard heat turned off at the close of each

work day.

Cooling –

Central AC

Avg. 72°F

24hrs/auto


Weekdays 6pm-6am & Weekends: off

Cooling –

Wall AC

Units

Avg. 72°F

24hrs/manual

Weekdays office hours: 76°F

Weekdays 6pm-6am & Weekends: Wall AC

units turned off at the close of each work day.

Savings

Building heating & cooling energy reduction: 29%




Payback: 0 years

18

ECM 5: High Efficiency Refrigerators Existing Conditions

The Administration Building currently uses two standard/non-high efficiency

refrigerators. These refrigerators are located in the staff kitchen and the Bay Mills

News office and consume approximately double the electricity of current high

efficiency units. In addition, the number of staff working in the Tribal

Administration building could utilize one full size refrigerator instead of two full

size units.


Replace the two existing refrigerators with one high efficiency refrigerator in the

staff kitchen.


Refrigerators Two non-high

efficiency

refrigerators.

Replace the two existing refrigerators with one

high efficiency refrigerator that would consume

significantly less electricity.

Savings

Refrigeration energy reduction: 89.4%




Payback: 2.81 years


The vast majority of interior lighting at the Administration Building is fluorescent

lighting but there are some remaining incandescent bulbs. Incandescent bulbs use

approximately four times the electricity as energy efficient alternative bulbs and

can be easily and cheaply replaced.









Payback: 0.06 years


19


power as they sit idle after work hours. Energy auditing showed that copiers,

printers and a postage machine continue to draw electricity even when idle and

building is unoccupied.


Purchase seven APC P11GTV power strips to power down printers with master

device/hibernating computer automatically and three APC Day & Time


Plug In

Device


Printer Seven printers that

are inconsistently

powered off

Purchase and utilize 7 APC P11GTV power strips

to power down printers when master


Copier Three copy

machines that

continue to draw

power unnecessarily

after work hours

Purchase and utilize 3 APC Day & Time


hours per day

Postage One postage

machine that is

powered on 24/7


Timer/Surge Protector to limit power to postage

machine to 10 hours per day





Payback: 1.5 years

ECM 8: Replacing Conventional Coffee Pot with Thermal Carafe Unit Existing Conditions

The staff kitchen has a coffee machine with hot plate that remains on and drawing

electricity throughout the work day to heat coffee pot.


Purchase and replace conventional coffee machine with unit that heats

water/coffee during brew and maintains heat by means of insulated carafe and

doesn’t require electricity beyond brew time. Benefits of thermal carafe unit will

include significantly less energy consumption for coffee.


Staff

Kitchen

Coffee

Machine

One coffee machine

that draws power

throughout the day

for heating

Replace with Bunn BT Velocity Brew Drip

Coffee Maker with Insulated Carafe

20

elements.

Savings Energy reduction from thermal carafe style coffee maker: 92.0%




Payback: 0.98 years


Space heaters and a ½ size refrigerator are convenient but are redundant when a

staff refrigerator is available in the building and central heating combined with

improved weatherization would provide necessary heat. In addition, operating

space heaters will alter temperature and impact thermostats tied to central heating

and cooling and cause excessive central HVAC operation/energy consumption.


Eliminate ½ size refrigerator and utilize existing refrigerator in the staff kitchen.

Eliminate space heaters and improve building’s heat retention with air sealing and

improved insulation (see ECM 11: Air Sealing and Insulation).



Annual savings: $88


Payback: 0 years

ECM 10: Energy Star Water Cooler Existing Conditions

The existing water cooler located in the BMIC News office is a standard/non-

Energy Star water cooler. Higher efficiency units are available that would reduce

energy consumption tied to water cooler units.


Purchase and replace existing water cooler with Energy Star water cooler.

Savings Energy reduction from Energy Star water cooler: 45.2%


Annual savings: $40


Payback: 4.81 years

ECM 11: Building Air Sealing & Insulation Existing Condition

21

While a blower test was not possible for the Administration Building, energy

auditing and building weatherization inspection revealed that there are air sealing

and insulation deficiencies. Weatherization deficiencies found include

insufficient air sealing and insulation along foundation, insufficient air sealing of

attic deck and insufficient attic insulation. These items contribute to building heat

loss and consequently increase energy consumption and lower occupant comfort.


Improve building’s weatherization by preventing air infiltration/exfiltration

through air sealing and resistance to heat loss during winter months and heat gain

during summer months through improved insulation.

Weatherization

Component

Existing

Condition

New Condition

Air sealing Insufficient air

sealing in attic

deck, perimeter of

windows and attic

access doors.

Air seal top plates in attic with 1” closed cell

spray foam. Caulk perimeter of window trim and

attic access doors.

Attic insulation Variable: No

insulation to R24

fiberglass batts

Additional R44 of blown cellulous in attic.

Foundation

insulation/air

seal

No insulation

evident

2” of closed cell spray foam (R21) on foundation

walls above grade and into rim joist area

(insulates and air seals).





Payback: 14.5 years

22

Bay Mills Indian Community Waishkey Center Community Building (ECMs Totaling 35.1% Energy Reduction)

The Bay Mills Indian Community Waishkey Center is largely a single story 29,475ft2 multi-

purpose Community building owned by the Tribe. The Waishkey Center was constructed in the

early 1970s and has been utilized for numerous purposes. The Waishkey Center’s future is

uncertain in terms of how it will be utilized. Currently, the main functions of the building are the

gymnasium, home to the Boys and Girls club and the Bay Mills Police Department who will be

soon moving to a new construction and permanent building. The most striking characteristic of

the building is the uncertain future use causing certain maintenance and needed mechanical

system upgrades to remain in question as the building’s future purpose is decided.

The Waishkey Center utilizes grid electricity and natural gas as sources of energy. Electricity is

used for all items requiring energy except for building heating and hot water where natural gas is

used. HVAC controls have largely been gutted leaving the HVAC system operating in an

inefficient steady state.

The Waishkey Center building features block construction, brick exterior, aluminum sliding

windows, three sets of double metal utility exterior doors, three single metal entry door, flat roof

and slab foundation.

Analyses of the Waishkey Center’s energy consumption history and energy audit information

revealed that heating is the largest energy consuming item followed by ventilation, interior

lighting, computers, hot water and other items shown in the following chart.



described below.

Lighting 17% Computers

6%

Heating 40%

Cooling 1%

Ventilation 28%

Hot Water 4%

Refrigeration 2%

Plug In 2%


23

ECM Description of ECM

Energy

Use

Savings

Total Cost

Savings

($/year)

Estimated

Capital

Cost

Simple

Payback


non-work hours

67.4%/4.3% $1,818 $0 0

2 HVAC Upgrade – New Rooftop

Furnace & AC Units, Direct

Digital Controls, Air Handlers,

Duct Optimization, Duct

Cleaning and Thermostat

Optimization

28%/19.2% $8,111 $175,000 21.6


with CFLs

78.3%/.2% $94 $5 0.06

4 Energy Efficient Gymnasium

Lights

(T5 High Bay Fixtures &

Bulbs)

29.3%/1.2% $508 $2,585 5.09

5 Exterior Lights w/ LED Retrofit

Bulbs

75%/.8% $325 $1,677 5.16

6 Interior Lighting

(Occupancy sensors and limited

T8 Fixtures and bulbs)

26.1%/3.1% $1,291 $4,395 6.93


Carafe

84%/0.4% $169 $130 0.77


(Copiers, Printers)

63.5%/0.5% $213 $180 .85


(Space heaters, ½ fridge)

100%/0.3% $112 $0 0

10 Energy Efficient Refrigerators 78.7%/1.4% $592 $3,780 6.39

11 Energy Star Water Cooler 45.2%/0.2% $79 $382 4.81

12 Air Sealing Exterior Doors 5%/2.0% $851 $5,000* 5.9*

13 High Efficiency Water

Heater(s) & Thermostat

Optimization

35%/1.5% $647 $2,300 3.55

Total 35.1% $14,810 $195,434 13.2

24


The energy audit of the Waishkey Center determined that work station computer

systems largely remain powered on 24 hours per day. Computers that remain on after

work cause unnecessary power consumption and can be mitigated by hibernating

computers after/before work hours.









Computer

Type




inactivity.

Savings





Payback: 0 years

Savings are calculated using the following: eighteen computers operating 261 week

days calculated with 10 work hours and 14 efficiency mode hours, 72 weekend days

calculated with 100% hibernation/efficiency mode.

ECM 2: HVAC Upgrades Existing Conditions


scenario 24 hours a day and 365 days a year as a result of old and compromised

HVAC controls and air handlers. The two boilers in the heating system are two years

old and reliable but the remaining HVAC system has not had necessary upgrades and,

as a result, the control system is gutted and doesn’t offer adequate control of heating

and ventilation. In addition to running the air handlers continuously, the air handlers

are old, inefficient and intended for a building with a different purpose when an

indoor swimming pool was housed in the Waishkey Center. The indoor swimming

pool has been removed and converted to the Boys and Girls Club activity space and

office space. No documented duct cleaning has surely led to restricted airflow and

decreased HVAC efficiency.

25

During energy audit visits, pneumatic controlled heat thermostat settings averaged 72

degrees but actual temperature varied widely throughout the building due to heat

supply imbalance and air leakage around exterior doors and gymnasium roof.

Air conditioning is present only in the Police Department portion of the building.

Summer air conditioning thermostat was set at 74 degrees for the rooftop AC unit.

As with all other buildings in this project, significant energy is wasted for excessive

heating and cooling temperatures and heating and cooling of building during

unoccupied times.


Replace existing HVAC equipment high efficiency heating, cooling and ventilation

system. In addition, take advantage of programmability of new system to optimize

thermostat heating and cooling to the EPA recommended temperature during work

hours along with setbacks and step ups outside of occupied times. See Appendix –

Thermostat Optimization for breakdown of savings/wasted energy & Waishkey

Center HVAC Upgrade Cost Quote.

HVAC

Component


Engineered

Design

NA Waishkey Center would have design and

specifications of high efficiency HVAC created

for heating and cooling load of building.

HVAC

Controls

Pneumatic

temperature controls

with very limited

functionality

Direct Digital Controls for zone by zone thermostat programming

Demand Control Ventilation for on demand ventilation

Speed control capability of new rooftop heat & AC units

Sensor controls for exhaust fans Furnace &

Air

Conditioning

Two natural gas

boilers with an

estimated 72%

efficiency; One

rooftop AC unit for

Police Department

Replace existing boilers and AC unit with four

natural gas fired rooftop units. Each unit would

be 17.5 ton cooling and 300 MBH heating. Heat

units would be 81% efficient.

Air handlers Continuously

running and

inefficient to

available equipment

Air handlers would be incorporated in the

rooftop units in the above measure.

Ducts Ducts are restricted

and imbalanced

Clean ducts to improve airflow and reroute to

optimize heat and cooling supply and return.

Thermostat -

Heating

Avg. 72°F 24hrs Weekdays 6am-6pm: 70°F


Thermostat - Police Department Entire Waishkey Center

26

Cooling AC

Avg. 74°F

24hrs/auto


Weekdays 6pm-6am & Weekends: off

Savings

Building heating & cooling energy reduction: 28%




Payback: 21.6 years


The vast majority of interior lighting at the Waishkey Center is fluorescent

lighting but there are some remaining incandescent bulbs. Incandescent bulbs use









Annual savings: $94


Payback: 0.06 years

ECM 4: Gymnasium Interior Lighting Existing Conditions

The Waishkey Center’s gymnasium is equipped with eleven 450 watt metal halide

bulbs and fixtures on manual light switches. This arrangement of lights is more

energy intensive than fluorescent alternatives.

Energy Conservation Measure Purchase and replace existing metal halide lighting with eleven T5 high bay

fluorescent fixtures and bulbs.


Condition

New Condition

Interior Lighting Eleven 450

watt metal

halide bulbs

and fixtures.

Replace 11 Gymnasium Lights with T5 High

Bay Fluorescent Fixtures and Bulbs (VaporTight

High Bay 6 Lamp T5 Fixture $194.99; T5HO

54W bulb $39.98/6pack)

27

Savings

Gymnasium lighting reduction: 29.3%




Payback: 5.09 years


The parking lot and building exterior is currently lighted by six 150 watt high

pressure sodium lights on a timer that has the lights remaining on twelve hours

per night. Both the bulbs’ high wattage and timer on throughout the night cause

energy consumption that can be mitigated.



bulbs and optimize timer for 5 hours on before scheduled building occupancy and

5 after. Significant energy will be saved through conservation (reduced on time)

and high efficiency bulb replacement. LED lights also provide advantages from

long operational life.

Exterior

Light


High

Pressure

Sodium

Lights

Six 150 watt

exterior lights

remaining on 12

hours per night.




weekdays only.

Savings

Exterior lighting reduction: 75%




Payback: 5.16 years


The majority of the Waishkey Center’s interior is equipped with T8 fluorescent bulbs

and fixtures on manual light switches but some less efficient T12 lights remain.

While T12 lights are more efficient than incandescent bulbs, newer and more

efficient T8 bulbs and occupancy sensors would result in greater energy savings.

Energy Conservation Measure Purchase and install T8 fixtures and bulbs for the Boys and Girls Club main room and

47 occupancy sensors for remaining room/offices. This alternative will consume less

energy from higher efficiency lights and electricity conservation by automatically

turning off lights when room is unoccupied. Multi-technology sensors would be used

and prevent lights from unintentionally being turned off (see Appendix – Lighting for

28

recommended Leviton occupancy sensor unit). U.S. EPA estimates 25% savings

when occupancy sensors are used in office settings.


Condition

New Condition

Interior Lighting Mix of T8 and

T12 fixtures

and bulbs with

manual on/off

switches


(Grainger item #2PFV4 @ $71.35 each)

Light switches Manual on/off

switches

47 occupancy sensors (Leviton Multi-

Technology Occupancy Sensor Units @ $79.86)

Savings

Interior lighting reduction: 26.1%




Payback: 6.93 years




The staff kitchen has a coffee machine with hot plate that remains on and drawing

electricity throughout the work day to heat coffee pot.


Purchase and replace conventional coffee machine with unit that heats





Staff

Kitchen

Coffee

Machine

One coffee machine

that draws power

throughout the day

for heating

elements.

Replace with Bunn BT Velocity Brew Drip

Coffee Maker with Insulated Carafe





Payback: 0.77 years

29





unoccupied.


Purchase four APC P11GTV power strips to power down printers with master

device/hibernating computer automatically and two APC Day & Time


Plug In

Device


Printer Four printers that

are inconsistently

powered off




Copier Two copy machines

that continue to

draw power

unnecessarily after

work hours



hours per day

Savings Timed electronic energy reduction: 63.5%




Payback: 0.85 years


Space heaters and a ½ size refrigerator are convenient but are redundant when a

staff refrigerator is available in the building and central heating combined with

improved HVAC system would provide necessary heat.


Eliminate one ½ size refrigerator and utilize existing refrigerator in the staff

kitchen. Eliminate three space heaters and improve balance of building’s HVAC

system (see ECM 2: HVAC Upgrades).





Payback: 0 years

30


The Waishkey Center currently uses four standard/non-high efficiency

refrigerators. These refrigerators are located in the Police Department staff

kitchen, Boys and Girls Club room and two in the Boys and Girls Club classroom

and consume approximately double the electricity of current high efficiency units.


Replace the four existing refrigerators with high efficiency refrigerators.


Refrigerators Four non-high

efficiency

refrigerators.

Replace the four existing refrigerators with four

high efficiency refrigerators that would consume


Savings





Payback: 6.39 years


The two existing water coolers located in the Police Department conference room

and the Boys and Girls Club teen room are standard/non-Energy Star water

coolers. Higher efficiency units are available that would reduce energy

consumption tied to water cooler units.


Purchase and replace two existing water coolers with Energy Star water coolers.

Savings Energy reduction from Energy Star water cooler: 45.2%


Annual savings: $79


Payback: 4.81 years


Overall assessment of the building’s weatherization is fair/poor with one

component being exterior doors that lack a good seal resulting in air

infiltration/heat loss. The three sets of aluminum framed glass double doors and

three single steel doors are in good condition but lack proper sealing into door

frame because of worn weather stripping and/or improper fit.

31









Payback: 5.9 years

ECM 5: High Efficiency Water Heater Existing Conditions

The Waishkey Center currently has two 100 gallon natural gas atmospheric

vented water heaters to meet its low demand for hot water. The two large water

heaters were sized for a past period of time when the locker rooms and showers

were more utilized. Hot water demand is now much lower. Downsizing to two

smaller and more efficient natural gas water heaters would significantly reduce

energy associated with heating water.


Replace the two existing 100 gallon atmospheric vented 75% AFUE water heaters

with two 50 gallon power vented natural gas water heaters and reduce thermostat

to 120 degrees.


Water

Heater

Two 100 gallon

natural gas water

heaters with

temperature setting

set near Max.

Replace two existing water heaters with 50

gallon power vented natural gas water heater and

set thermostat for 120 degree water.

32

Savings





Payback: 3.55 years

ECM 13: Recommend for Future Upgrade (Considered but not included in this plan - Gymnasium Roof Insulation and Air Sealing

Existing Condition

Overall assessment of the building’s weatherization is fair/poor with one

component being exterior doors that lack a good seal resulting in air

infiltration/heat loss and the other being the gymnasium roof with significant air

infiltration and poor insulation at the ceiling/roof level. The roof was recently

replaced with a new membrane roof with minimal insulation and no air sealing.


Plan for necessary roof/ceiling insulation and air sealing at a point in time when

roof is in need of replacement.

Bay Mills Indian Community Ellen Marshall Health Center (ECMs Totaling 34% Energy Reduction)

The Bay Mills Indian Community Ellen Marshall Health Center is a 29,980ft2 three level

medical, dental and office building owned by the Tribe. The Health Center was constructed in

the early 1990s and is situated directly on the south shore of the Saint Marys River/Lake

Superior. The Health Center houses the Tribe’s Accounting Department in the basement,

medical and dental clinics on the ground floor and community health offices on the second story.

33

The Health Center is the second newest buildings of those included in this study and plan. The

building houses approximately 80 staff and is heavily utilized year round.

The Health Center utilizes grid electricity and natural gas as sources of energy. Electricity is

used for all items requiring energy and natural gas is the primary heating fuel source for the

boiler heating system. Temperature control (heating and cooling) is controlled by nine

programmable thermostats for each of the buildings HVAC zones.

The Health Center building features wood frame construction, fiberglass insulation, vinyl siding,

vinyl sliding windows, two glass/aluminum framed double exterior doors, four single metal entry

doors, pitched roof and a blocked basement foundation.

Analyses of the Health Center’s energy consumption history and energy audit information

revealed that heating is the largest energy consuming item followed by computers and related

items, plug-in items, interior lighting, cooling, ventilation and other items shown in the following

chart.



described below.


Use Savings

Total

Cost

Savings

($/year)

Estimated

Capital

Cost ($)

Simple

Payback

(years)


non-work hours

67.4%/10.2% $6,689 $0 0

2 Interior Lighting

(Occupancy sensors)

25%/2.5% $1,665 $7,347 4.41

Interior Lighting

11%


Computers 20%

Servers 5%

Heating 30%

Cooling 7%

Ventilation 5%

Hot Water

3%

Refrigeration 2%

Plug In 12%

Elevator 2%


34

3 Exterior Lighting

(LED retrofit and reduce time

on)

96.7%/2.8% $1,863 $4,273 2.29


(6pm-6am 10 degree



degrees AC)

29%/9.5% $6,190 $0 0

5 Energy Efficient Refrigerators

(Replace 6 Refrigerators)

78.7%/1.4% $888 $5,670 6.39


with CFLs

78.3%/0.7% $445 $25 0.06

7 Entry Electric Heat

(Procedure to turn off during

non-work hours)

50%/0.9% $594 $0 0



62.2%/2.0% $1,347 $2,458 1.8


Carafe

84%/0.7% $482 $520 1.08


(Space heaters, ½ fridges,

refrigerated drinking fountain)

100%/2.8% $1898 $0 0

11 Pop & Vending Machine

(VendingMiser and SnackMiser)

69%/0.4% $269 $238 0.89

Total 34.1% $22,330 $20,531 0.92


The energy audit of the Ellen Marshall Health Center determined that work station










35



Computer

Type


Workstation 103 Computers

Powered on 24/7

Enable Hibernate feature in each computer’s


inactivity.

Savings





Payback: 0 years

Savings are calculated using the following: 103 computers operating 261 week days




The Health Center’s interior is equipped with 800 energy efficient T8 fluorescent

bulbs and associated fixtures on manual light switches. While these lights are

efficient, additional electricity can be conserved by utilizing occupancy sensors to

automatically turn a room’s lights off when unoccupied. U.S. EPA estimates 25%

savings when occupancy sensors are used in office settings.

Energy Conservation Measure Purchase and install occupancy sensors in 92 rooms that will result in lights





Condition

New Condition


efficiency

interior

lighting

controlled

manually by

on/off

switches.


will automatically detect if rooms are



unoccupied.

Savings



36



Payback: 4.41 years




The parking lot and building exterior is currently lighted by ten 400 watt high

pressure sodium lights on a timer that has the lights remaining on twelve hours

per night. Both the bulbs’ high wattage and timer on throughout the night cause

energy consumption that can be mitigated.



bulbs and optimize timer for 2 hours on before office hours and 2 hours after

office hours. Significant energy will be saved through conservation (reduced on

time) and high efficiency bulb replacement. LED lights also provide advantages

from long operational life.

Exterior

Light


High

Pressure

Sodium

Lights

Ten 400 watt

exterior lights

remaining on 12

hours per night.

Replace ten 400 watts HPS bulbs with 56 watt

LED retrofit bulbs. Reset timer to 2 hours on in


weekdays only.

Savings





Payback: 2.29 years


Currently, the Health Center’s nine zones heating and cooling operates in a steady-

state/occupied scenario 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. During energy audit

visits, the average thermostat heat setting was 72 degrees and thermostat air

conditioning settings at 72 degrees. The building is already equipped with

programmable thermostats for every zone. Significant energy is wasted for excessive


unoccupied times.


Optimize thermostat heating and cooling programming for each climate control zone

to the EPA recommended temperature during office hours. In addition, program

37

setbacks and step ups outside of occupied times. See Appendix – Thermostat

Optimization for breakdown of savings/wasted energy.

Thermostat

Setting


Heat Avg. 72°F

24hrs/auto



Cooling Avg. 72°F

24hrs/auto


Weekdays 6pm-6am & Weekends 86°F

Savings






Payback: 0 years


The Health Center currently uses six standard/non-high efficiency refrigerators.

These refrigerators are located in the nurses’ station, pharmacy, break room, lab,

storage room and Human Resources and consume approximately double the

electricity of current high efficiency units.


Replace the six existing refrigerators with six high efficiency refrigerators.


Refrigerators Six standard

efficiency

refrigerators.

Replace the six existing refrigerators with six



Savings





Payback: 6.39 years


The vast majority of interior lighting at the Health Center is fluorescent lighting

but there are 33 remaining incandescent bulbs. Incandescent bulbs use




38

Purchase and replace 33 incandescent bulbs with energy efficient compact







Payback: 0.06 years

ECM 7: Entryway & Stairway Electric Heat Existing Conditions

The Health Center entryways and basement stairways have auxiliary electric

heaters that remain constant 24/7 during winter months.

Energy Conservation Measure Implement procedure to turn off electric heaters at the end of each work day when the

building is unoccupied and heating is unnecessary.

Savings Energy reduction from incandescent bulbs: 50%




Payback: 0 years





unoccupied.


Purchase 61 APC P11GTV power strips to power down printers with master

device/hibernating computer automatically and 11 APC Day & Time Timer/Surge

Protector to limit power to copiers 10 hours per day.

Plug In

Device


Printer 61 printers that are

inconsistently

powered off

Purchase and utilize 61 APC P11GTV power

strips to power down printers when master


Copier 10 copy machines

that continue to draw

power unnecessarily

after work hours


Timer/Surge Protector to limit power to copiers

10 hours per day

39

Postage One postage machine

that is powered on

24/7








Payback: 1.8 years

ECM 9: Replacing Conventional Coffee Pots with Thermal Carafe Units Existing Conditions

The Health Center’s break room, upstairs hall, basement lobby and Human

Resources have coffee machines with hot plate that remains on and drawing

electricity throughout the work day to heat coffee pots.


Purchase and replace conventional coffee machines with units that heat

water/coffee during brew and maintain heat by means of insulated carafe and

doesn’t require electricity beyond brew time. Benefits of thermal carafe units will



Conventional

Coffee

Machine

Four coffee

machines that draw

power throughout

the day for heating

elements.

Replace four conventional coffee machines with

Bunn BT Velocity Brew Drip Coffee Maker

with Insulated Carafe.





Payback: 1.08 years


Space heaters, ½ size refrigerator and refrigerated drinking fountains are

convenient but are redundant when a staff refrigerator is available in the building.

Space heaters are often operated in excess during winter but also in summer when

central cooling is operating. Cold groundwater supplies refrigerated drinking

fountains and makes refrigeration unnecessary.


Eliminate six ½ size refrigerators and utilize full size refrigerators located

throughout the Health Center. Eliminate twenty space heaters and increase

40

summer thermostat AC setting to 76 degrees to better achieve balance of energy

savings and comfort. Power down two drinking fountains’ refrigeration to

eliminate unnecessary cooling of already cold drinking water.





Payback: 0 years

ECM 11: Pop and Vending Machines Existing Conditions

A pop and vending machine is located in the basement of the Health Center. Each

of these two machines operates unmodified and consequently consumes

considerably more energy than machines modified with energy efficiency devices.


Purchase and install one VendingMiser for the pop machine and one SnackMiser

for the vending machine. These units will effectively power down the machines

when not in use and automatically power on when needed or contents need to be

cooled. These units would offer significant energy consumption savings and

maintenance savings. In addition, removing the light bulbs from behind the pop

machine’s front panel will further reduce energy consumption of unnecessary

lighting.


Pop

Machine

One pop machine

that draws power

throughout the day

for lighting and

keeping the machine

on 24/7.

Add VendingMiser control unit to power down

pop machine when no demand is placed on

machine.

Vending

Machine

One snack vending

machine that draws

power throughout

the day for lighting

and keeping the

machine on 24/7.

Add SnackMiser control unit to power down

snack vending machine when no demand is

placed on machine.

Savings Energy reduction from VendingMiser and SnackMiser: 69.0%




Payback: 0.89 years

41

Bay Mills Community College (ECMs Totaling 38% Energy Reduction)

The Bay Mills Community College “main campus” is comprised of four buildings. The four

buildings are the 13,144 ft2 Administration Building, 6,653 ft

2 Library, 12,000ft

2 Mikanuk

Building and the 2,056 ft2 Learning Center. The Administration Building is a repurposed

former fish processing building with building additions that now houses numerous offices,

classrooms, computer lab, student lounge area and a credit union. The Library is a purpose built

structure with offices in the basement and library material and study areas on the ground floor

and loft. The Mikanuk Building is the newest structure mainly occupied by classrooms and

several offices. Lastly, the Learning Center is located next to the Administration Building with

an open area for student tutoring, assistance and computer workstations. The Bay Mills

Community College “main campus” is situated directly on the south shore of the Saint Marys

River/Lake Superior.

The Bay Mills Community College utilizes grid electricity and natural gas as sources of energy.

Electricity is used for all items requiring energy as well as the main source of heat in some

building areas, supplemental heat in other areas along with natural gas as the primary heating

fuel source for some building spaces. Temperature control (heating and cooling) is controlled by

individual thermostats in portions of the Administration Building with electric baseboard heating

and HVAC zoned areas in the remaining buildings.

The Administration Building features wood frame construction, fiberglass insulation, brick,

block and wood exteriors, variety of window styles and materials, one glass/aluminum framed

double exterior door, four single metal entry doors, low pitched roof and a concrete slab

foundation.

The Library Building features wood frame construction, fiberglass insulation, log/wood exterior,

vinyl double paned windows, three glass/aluminum framed single exterior doors, metal pitched

roof and a basement with block foundation.

The Mikanuk Building features block construction, vinyl double paned windows, four sets of

double glass/aluminum framed exterior doors, metal pitched roof and a basement with block

foundation. The Mikanuk Building is the only building with modern direct digital control for the

boiler/AC/HVAC system.

The Learning Center building features wood frame construction, fiberglass insulation, wood

exterior, aluminum double paned windows, two glass/aluminum framed single exterior doors,

flat roof and a block foundation.

Analyses of each building’s energy consumption history, energy audit information and Energy

Conservation Measures are separated by building below.

Bay Mills Community College Administration Building (ECMs Totaling 44.7% Energy Reduction)

42

Analyses of the BMCC Administration Building’s energy consumption history and energy audit

information revealed that heating is the largest energy consuming item followed by interior

lighting, computers and related items, plug-in items, servers, cooling, exterior lighting and other

items shown in the following chart.



described below.


Use Savings

Total

Cost

Savings

($/year)

Estimated

Capital

Cost ($)

Simple

Payback

(years)


(6pm-6am 10 degree



degrees AC)

30.5%/9.3% $2,359 $0 0


non-work hours

54.4%/6.7% $1,688 $0 0

3 Interior Fluorescent Lighting

(T8 Fixtures & Bulbs;

Occupancy sensors)

47.3%%/7.0% $1,767 $15,563 8.8

4 Exterior Lighting

(LED retrofits and reduce on

time)

93.8%/5.3% $1,337 $5,074 3.8

5 Energy Efficient Water Heaters 62%/2.6% $665 $2,798 4.21



Computers 17%

Servers 7%

Heating 27%

Cooling 5%

Hot Water 4%

Refrigeration 3%

Plug In 10%


43

6 Energy Efficient Refrigerators 78.7%/1.2% $296 $1,890 6.39


with CFLs

78.3%/4.2% $1,069 $74 0.07



54.4%/2.7% $669 $1,627 2.16


(Space Heaters, ½ fridges,

Drinking Fountain Summer

Months)

75.4%/2.6% $625 $0 0


Carafe

80%/1.2% $303 $390 1.29

11 Vending Machine Efficiency

(VendingMiser, SnackMiser)

70%/1.9% $482 $427 0.89

12 Energy Efficient Water Cooler 45.2%/0.2% $40 $191 4.81

Total 44.7% $11,300 $28,034 2.48


Currently, the BMCC Administration Building’s heating and cooling operates in a

steady-state/occupied scenario 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. During energy

audit visits, the thermostat heat setting varied widely but a conservative average is 72

degrees and thermostat air conditioning settings were also at 72 degrees. The

building is a combination of individual office thermostats for each heating and

cooling unit and zone programmable thermostats. In both thermostat configurations,

significant energy is wasted for excessive heating and cooling temperatures and

heating and cooling of building during unoccupied times.


Optimize thermostat heating and cooling to EPA recommended temperature during

office hours. In addition, program setbacks and step ups outside of occupied times.


Thermostat

Setting


Heat Avg. 72°F

24hrs/auto



Cooling Avg. 72°F

24hrs/auto

Office Weekdays 7am-5pm: 76°F

Office Weekdays 5pm-7am & Weekends: OFF

44

Savings






Payback: 0 years


The energy audit of the BMCC Administration Building determined that work station












Computer

Type


75

Workstations

Powered on 24/7 Enable Hibernate feature in each computer’s


inactivity.

Savings





Payback: 0 years





The majority of the BMCC Administration Building’s interior is equipped with T12

fluorescent bulbs and fixtures on manual light switches but some more efficient T8

lights have been added. While T12 lights are more efficient than incandescent bulbs,

newer and more efficient T8 bulbs and occupancy sensors would result in greater

energy savings.

45

Energy Conservation Measure Purchase and install 173 T8 fixtures and bulbs to replace existing T12 fixtures, 37

occupancy sensors for remaining room/offices and 1 hallway occupancy sensor. This

alternative will consume less energy from higher efficiency lights and electricity

conservation by automatically turning off lights when room is unoccupied. Multi-

technology sensors would be used and prevent lights from unintentionally being

turned off (see Appendix – Lighting for recommended Leviton occupancy sensor

unit). U.S. EPA estimates 25% savings when occupancy sensors are used in office

settings.


Condition

New Condition

Interior Lighting Mix of T8

(173 fixtures)

and T12 (14

fixtures)

fixtures and

bulbs with

manual on/off

switches


(Grainger item #2PFV4 @ $71.35 each)

Light switches Manual on/off

switches

37 occupancy sensors (Leviton Multi-

Technology Occupancy Sensor Units @ $79.86);

1 SensorSwitch HWR-13 for Hallway @ $126

Savings

Interior lighting reduction: 47.3%




Payback: 8.8 years




The parking lot and building exterior is currently lighted by seven 250 watt high

and eighteen 100 watt pressure sodium lights on a timer that has the lights

remaining on twelve hours per night. Both the bulbs’ high wattage and timer on

throughout the night cause energy consumption that can be mitigated.



bulbs, existing 100 watt bulbs with 21 watt LED retrofit bulbs and optimize timer

for 2 hours on before office hours and 2 hours after office hours. Significant

energy will be saved through conservation (reduced on time) and high efficiency

bulb replacement. LED lights also provide advantages from long operational life.

46

Exterior

Light


High

Pressure

Sodium

Lights

Seven 250 watt and

18 100 watt exterior

lights remaining on

10 hours per night.


retrofit bulbs and 100 watt HPS bulbs with 21

watt LED retrofit bulbs. Reset timer to 2 hours

on in morning and 2 hours on in the

afternoon/evening weekdays only.

Savings





Payback: 3.8 years

ECM 5: High Efficiency Water Heaters Existing Conditions

The BMCC Administration Building currently uses two 40 gallon electric water

heaters to meet its need for hot water. Of the various types of common ways to

heat water, electric water heaters are amongst the most expensive and double that

of natural gas or hybrid/heat pumps. Hot water demand is for kitchen needs and

the restrooms.


Replace the existing electric waters heater with hybrid/heat pump water heaters.

This measure would result in cutting energy used for hot water in half while

remaining safe and reliable. In heat pump mode, these water heaters will use heat

from ambient air and transfer it to the water in the tank. This type of water heater

will be especially beneficial in a furnace/server room where excessive heat is

generated and can be used for water heating.


Water

Heater

Two 40 gallon

standard electric

water heaters.

Replace two existing water heaters with

hybrid/heat pump water heaters that would

consume approximately ½ of the existing energy

of the existing standard electric water heaters.

Savings





Payback: 4.21 years


47

The BMCC Administration Building currently has two standard/non-high

efficiency refrigerators in use. These refrigerators consume approximately double

the electricity of current high efficiency units.


Replace the two existing refrigerators with two high efficiency refrigerators.


Refrigerators Two standard

efficiency

refrigerators.

Replace the two existing refrigerators with two



Savings





Payback: 6.39 years


The majority of interior lighting at the BMCC Administration Building is

fluorescent lighting but there are 99 remaining incandescent bulbs. Incandescent











Payback: 0.07 years



power as they sit idle after class/work hours. Energy auditing showed that

copiers, printers and postage machines continue to draw electricity even when idle

and building is unoccupied.


48



Protector to limit power to copiers and postage machines 10 hours per day.

Plug In

Device



inconsistently

powered off




Copier 9 copy machines that

continue to draw

power unnecessarily

after work hours



10 hours per day

Postage 2 postage machine

that is powered on

24/7








Payback: 2.2 years

ECM 9: Replacing Conventional Coffee Pot with Thermal Carafe Units Existing Conditions

The BMCC Administration Building currently utilizes three coffee machines with

hot plates that remain on and drawing electricity throughout the work day to heat

coffee pot.


Purchase and replace conventional coffee machines with units that heats

water/coffee during brew and maintain heat by means of insulated carafe and

don’t require electricity beyond brew time. Benefits of thermal carafe units will



Coffee

Machine

Three coffee

machines that draws

power throughout

the day for heating

elements.

Replace three convention coffee makers with

Bunn BT Velocity Brew Drip Coffee Maker with

Insulated Carafe

Savings Energy reduction from thermal carafe style coffee makers: 80.0%




49

Payback: 1.29 years


A pop and vending machine is located in the BMCC Administration Building.

Each of these two machines operates unmodified and consequently consume









lighting.


Pop

Machine

One pop machine

that draws power

throughout the day

for lighting and

keeping the machine

on 24/7.



machine.

Vending

Machine

One snack vending

machine that draws

power throughout


and keeping the

machine on 24/7.



placed on machine.





Payback: 0.89 years


The one existing water coolers located in the BMCC Administration Building is a

standard/non-Energy Star water coolers. Higher efficiency units are available that

would reduce energy consumption tied to water cooler units.


Purchase and replace one existing water cooler with an Energy Star water cooler.

Savings

50

Energy reduction from Energy Star water cooler: 45.2%


Annual savings: $40


Payback: 4.81 years

Bay Mills Community College Mikanuk Building (ECMs Totaling 34.9% Energy Reduction)

Analyses of the BMCC Mikanuk building’s energy consumption history and energy audit

information revealed that heating/HVAC is the largest energy consuming item followed by

computers, interior lighting, ventilation, plug-in items, servers, cooling and other items shown in

the following chart.



described below.


Use Savings

Total Cost

Savings

($/year)

Estimated

Capital

Cost ($)

Simple

Payback

(years)


(6pm-6am 10 degree setback/step-

up; thermostat heat setting @ 70

degrees; 76 degrees AC)

24.7%/10.7% $3,474 $0 0

2 Retrocommission HVAC System 100%/17.8% $5,778 $0 0

3 Interior Lighting

(Occupancy sensors)

25%/2.5% $814 $1,917 2.36


Computers 12%

Servers 5%

Heating 33%

Cooling 4%

Hot Water 3%

Refrigeration 0%

Plug In 7%

Ventilation 7%

HVAC Deficiency 18%

51

4 Pop & Vending Machine

(VendingMiser and SnackMiser)

69%/0.9% $269 $238 0.89

5 Coffee Makers w/lnsulated Carafe 84%/0.4% $121 $130 1.08


CFLs

84.5%/0.9% $293 $5 0.02


(Copiers, Printers, TVs)

58%/1.2% $366 $488 1.33


(Space Heaters)

100%/0.6% $198 $0 0

9 Exterior Door Air Sealing Marginal $12 $200 16.6

Total 35% $11,325 $2,978 0.26


Because of HVAC direct control software bugs the Mikanuk’s heating and cooling

operates in a steady-state/occupied scenario 24 hours a day and 365 days a year.

During energy audit visits, the thermostat heat setting was 72 degrees and thermostat

air conditioning settings were also at 72 degrees. The building is equipped with six

zones, programmable thermostats and a central control computer. In the current

configuration, significant energy is wasted for excessive heating and cooling

temperatures and heating and cooling of building during unoccupied times.





Thermostat

Setting


Heat Avg. 72°F

24hrs/auto



Cooling Avg. 72°F

24hrs/auto


Weekdays 5pm-7am & Weekends: OFF

Savings





52


Payback: 0 years

ECM 2: Retrocommission HVAC System Existing Conditions

1. The inability to reduce the temperature for extended periods (i.e. winter breaks).

The system also maintained a minimum open setting of the input damper to allow

for air exchange. Unfortunately it was common during cold months to enter the

building in the morning to find the air temperature above 80F. The system would

also show error messages indicating it had reached a "freeze out" condition.

Upon further examination, we determined that the minimum input air damper

setting allowed extremely cold air to ice up the air conditioner coil in the air

handler. A sensor would detect this condition and proceed to run the boiler wide-

open in order to melt the ice. Once the sensor was satisfied, the system would

restart and allow cold air to enter again. The cycle would repeat itself resulting in

very high fuel bills. In order to exit this cycle, the system was set to maintain a

constant temperature which stopped the freeze conditions mentioned above. Our

fuel bill was drastically reduced by this action but remained higher than optimal

because of the inability to step down temperature. The control vendor (ACC) has

attempted to change the software.

2. The boilers require repairs every fall and have been unreliable since they were

installed. Gas igniters, control valves stuck in the open or closed position, and

circulation pumps are common failure points. It is suspected that dust in the

combustion chamber is causing igniter failure and improperly aligned connectors

are causing the pump failure. The result is over-heated classrooms (thus teachers

open windows to compensate) when the zone valves do not close due to failure.

3. The air conditioner requires repairs every spring. There appears to be an

electrical problem that has not been solved at this time.


If vendor/contractor continues to fail to take responsibility, the calculated annual

inefficiency cost of $5,778 could be invested to retrocommission HVAC system and

utilize energy savings to repay corrective actions.

Savings

System Error Correction/Reduction: 100%



Capital investment: $0/$5,778

Payback: 0 years


The BMCC Mikanuk building’s interior is equipped with 391 energy efficient T8

fluorescent bulbs and associated fixtures on manual light switches. While these lights

are efficient, additional electricity can be conserved by utilizing occupancy sensors to

53


savings when occupancy sensors are used in office and classroom settings.

Energy Conservation Measure Purchase and install occupancy sensors in 24 areas that will result in lights





Condition

New Condition


efficiency

interior

lighting

controlled

manually by

on/off

switches.


will automatically detect if the areas are



unoccupied.

Savings





Payback: 2.36 years




A pop and vending machine is located in the BMCC Mikanuk building. Each of

these two machines operates unmodified and consequently consumes









lighting.


Pop

Machine

One pop machine

that draws power



54

throughout the day

for lighting and

keeping the machine

on 24/7.

machine.

Vending

Machine

One snack vending

machine that draws

power throughout


and keeping the

machine on 24/7.



placed on machine.

Savings Energy reduction from VendingMiser and SnackMiser: 69%




Payback: 0.89 years


The BMCC Mikanuk building currently utilizes one coffee machine with hot

plates that remain on and drawing electricity throughout the work day to heat

coffee pot.


Purchase and replace conventional coffee machine with a unit that heats





Coffee

Machine

One coffee machine

that draws power

throughout the day

for heating

elements.

Replace one conventional coffee maker with


Insulated Carafe

Savings Energy reduction from thermal carafe style coffee makers: 84%




Payback: 1.08 years


The vast majority of interior lighting at the BMCC Mikanuk building is


55











Payback: 0.02 years





unoccupied.




Protector to limit power to copiers and TVs 10 hours per day.

Plug In

Device



inconsistently

powered off




Copier 3 copy machines that

continue to draw

power unnecessarily

after work hours



10 hours per day

TV Two TVs that are

largely powered on

24/7








Payback: 1.33 years

56


Space heaters are convenient but are redundant when central heating and cooling

is available. Space heaters are often operated in excess during winter but also in

summer when central cooling is operating.


Eliminate four space heaters and increase summer thermostat AC setting to 76

degrees to better achieve balance of energy savings and comfort.





Payback: 0 years


Overall assessment of the building’s weatherization is good with one component

being the exception, exterior doors that lack a good seal resulting in air

infiltration/heat loss. The north facing aluminum framed glass double doorway is

in good condition but lacks proper sealing into door frame because of worn

weather stripping and/or improper fit. Door sealing in this door’s location is

important as it faces north, Lake Superior and lots of wind.





Savings

57

Heating & cooling energy reduction: Marginal

Overall building energy reduction: Marginal

Annual savings: $12


Payback: 16.6 years

Bay Mills Community College Library Building (ECMs Totaling 30.5% Energy Reduction)

Analyses of the Library’s energy consumption history and energy audit information revealed that

computers and related items are the largest energy consuming item followed by heating, interior

lighting, elevator, plug-in items, servers, cooling and other items shown in the following chart.



described below.

ECM Description of ECM

% Energy

Use

Savings

Total

Cost

Savings

($/year)

Estimated

Capital

Cost ($)

Simple

Payback

(years)


(6pm-6am 10 degree


setting @ 70 degrees; 76 degrees

AC)

27.9%/8.3% $720 $0 0



Computers 31%

Servers 5%

Heating 22%

Cooling 4%

Hot Water 2%

Refrigeration 0%

Plug In 6%

Ventilation 5%

Elevator 7%


58

2 Hibernate computers during non-

work hours

45.2%/9.5% $818 $0 0

3 Interior Lighting

(Occupancy sensors)

25%/3.3% $283 $399 1.41

4 Exterior Lighting

(LED retrofits and reduce on

time)

93.7%/1.1% $90 $231 2.56


CFLs

78.3%/1.7% $148 $8 0.06


(Copiers, Printers)

42%/0.7% $64 $238 3.72


(Space Heater)

100%/0.3% $25 $0 0

8 Pop Machine Efficiency 70.9%/2.5% $214 $189 0.88

9 Improved Foundation Insulation 13.9%/3% $255 $1,104 4.33

Total 30.5% $2,618 $2,179 0.83


Currently, the Library’s heating and cooling operates in a steady-state/occupied

scenario 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. During energy audit visits, the

thermostat heat setting was 72 degrees and thermostat air conditioning settings were

also at 72 degrees. The building is equipped with two zones and programmable

thermostats. In the current configuration, significant energy is wasted for excessive


unoccupied times.





Thermostat

Setting


Heat Avg. 72°F

24hrs/auto

Weekdays & Saturdays 6am-6pm: 70°F

Weekdays 6pm-6am & Sundays 60°

Cooling Avg. 72°F Weekdays & Saturdays 7am-5pm: 76°F

59

24hrs/auto Weekdays 5pm-7am & Sundays: OFF

Savings






Payback: 0 years


The energy audit of the BMCC Library building determined that work station












Computer

Type


35

Workstations



inactivity.

Savings





Payback: 0 years





The BMCC Library’s interior is equipped with 136 energy efficient T8 fluorescent

bulbs and associated fixtures on manual light switches. While these lights are

efficient, additional electricity can be conserved by utilizing occupancy sensors to


60

savings when occupancy sensors are used in office settings and 30% for library

settings.






Condition

New Condition


efficiency

interior

lighting

controlled

manually by

on/off

switches.





unoccupied.

Savings





Payback: 1.4 years




The BMCC Library exterior is currently lighted by two 100 watt high pressure

sodium lights on a timer that has the lights remaining on approximately twelve

hours per night. Both the bulbs’ high wattage and timer on throughout the night

cause energy consumption that can be mitigated.


Replace existing 100 watt bulbs with 21 watt LED retrofit bulbs and optimize

timer for 2 hours on before office hours and 2 hours after office hours.

Significant energy will be saved through conservation (reduced on time) and high

efficiency bulb replacement. LED lights also provide advantages from long

operational life.

Exterior

Light


High

Pressure

Two 100 watt

exterior lights

Replace 100 watt HPS bulbs with 21 watt LED


61

Sodium

Lights

remaining on 12

hours per night.


weekdays only.

Savings



Annual savings: $90


Payback: 2.6 years


The majority of interior lighting at the BMCC Library building is fluorescent

lighting but there are 11 remaining incandescent bulbs. Incandescent bulbs use











Payback: 0.06 years





unoccupied.




Protector to limit power to copier 0 hours per day.

Plug In

Device



inconsistently

powered off




Copier 1 copy machine that

continues to draw


Timer/Surge Protector to limit power to copier 10

62

power unnecessarily

after work hours

hours per day



Annual savings: $64


Payback: 3.7 years


Space heaters are convenient but are redundant when central heating and cooling

is available. Space heaters are often operated in excess during winter but also in

summer when central cooling is operating.


Eliminate one space heater and increase summer thermostat AC setting to 76

degrees to better achieve balance of energy savings and comfort.



Annual savings: $25


Payback: 0 years

ECM 8: Pop Machine Existing Conditions

A pop machine is located in the basement of the BMCC Library. This machine

operates unmodified and consequently consumes considerably more energy than a

machine modified with energy efficiency devices.


Purchase and install one VendingMiser for the pop machine. This unit will

effectively power down the machine when not in use and automatically power on

when needed or contents need to be cooled. The VendingMiser units would offer

significant energy consumption savings and maintenance savings. In addition,

removing the light bulbs from behind the pop machine’s front panel will further

reduce energy consumption of unnecessary lighting.


Pop

Machine

One pop machine

that draws power

throughout the day

for lighting and

keeping the machine

on 24/7.



machine.

63





Payback: 0.88 years

ECM 9: Foundation Insulation Existing Condition

While a blower test was not possible for the BMCC Library, energy auditing and

building weatherization inspection revealed that there are deficiencies.

Weatherization deficiencies found relate to an uninsulated foundation perimeter.

An uninsulated block foundation offers a very very low 1R value that contributes

to building heat loss and consequently increases energy consumption and lower

occupant comfort.


Improve building’s weatherization by preventing conductive heat loss through the

exposed block foundation around the perimeter of the Library and heat gain

during summer months through improved insulation.

Weatherization

Component

Existing

Condition

New Condition

Foundation

insulation/air

seal

No insulation

present

2” of closed cell spray foam (R21) on foundation

walls above grade and into rim joist area

(insulates and air seals).





Payback: 4.3 years

64

Bay Mills Community College Learning Center Building (ECMs Totaling 37.6% Energy Reduction)

Analyses of the BMCC Learning Center’s energy consumption history and energy audit

information revealed that heating is the largest energy consuming item followed by computers,

interior lighting, hot water, plug-in items, cooling and other items shown in the following chart.



described below.


Use Savings

Total

Cost

Savings

($/year)

Estimated

Capital

Cost ($)

Simple

Payback

(years)


(6pm-6am 10 degree



degrees AC)

26%/13.6% $359 $0 0


non-work hours

54.4%/11.1% $293 $0 0

3 Interior Lighting

(Occupancy sensors)

25%/3.6% $94 $319 3.40


with CFLs

78.3%/0.3% $7 $1 0.11

Interior Lighting

15%


Computers 21%

Servers 0%

Heating 48%

Cooling 4%

Hot Water 6%

Refrigeration 1%

Plug In 5%


65


(Printers)

39.4%/0.1% $2 $37 18.81


(Drinking Fountain

Refrigeration)

100%/2.2% $57 $0 0


Carafe

80%/2.1% $56 $130 2.3

9 Improved Attic Insulation 8.4%/4.3% $122 $1,953 17.1

Total 37.3% $989 $2,440 2.47


Currently, BMCC Learning Center’s heating and cooling operates in a steady-

state/occupied scenario 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. During energy audit

visits, the thermostat heat setting was 72 degrees and thermostat air conditioning

settings were also at 72 degrees. The building is equipped with one zone and a

programmable thermostat. In the current configuration, significant energy is wasted

for excessive heating and cooling temperatures and heating and cooling of building

during unoccupied times.





Thermostat

Setting


Heat Avg. 72°F

24hrs/auto



Cooling Avg. 72°F

24hrs/auto


Weekdays 5pm-7am & Weekends: OFF

Savings






Payback: 0 years

66


The energy audit of the BMCC Learning Center building determined that work

station computer systems largely remain powered on 24 hours per day. Computers

that remain on after work cause unnecessary power consumption and can be

mitigated by hibernating computers after/before work hours.









Computer

Type


13

Workstations



inactivity.

Savings





Payback: 0 years

Savings are calculated using the following: 13 computers operating 261 week days




The BMCC Learning Center’s interior is equipped with 92 energy efficient T8

fluorescent bulbs and associated fixtures on manual light switches. While these lights

are efficient, additional electricity can be conserved by utilizing occupancy sensors to


savings when occupancy sensors are used in office and classroom settings.






Condition

New Condition

67


efficiency

interior

lighting

controlled

manually by

on/off

switches.





unoccupied.

Savings



Annual savings: $94


Payback: 3.14 years




The majority of interior lighting at the BMCC Learning Center building is





Purchase and replace 1 incandescent bulb with energy efficient compact





Annual savings: $7


Payback: 0.11 years



power as they sit idle after class/work hours. Energy auditing showed that

printers continue to draw electricity even when idle and building is unoccupied.


Purchase 1 APC P11GTV power strip to power down printers with master

device/hibernating computer automatically to limit power to printer 10 hours per

day.

68

Plug In

Device


Printer 1 printer that is

inconsistently

powered off

Purchase and utilize 1 APC P11GTV power strip

to power down printer when master




Annual savings: $2


Payback: 18.81 years


Cold groundwater supplies refrigerated drinking fountains and makes

refrigeration unnecessary.


Power down one drinking fountain’s refrigeration to eliminate unnecessary

cooling of already cold drinking water.



Annual savings: $57


Payback: 0 years

ECM 8: Replacing Conventional Coffee Pot with Thermal Carafe Units Existing Conditions

The BMCC Learning Center currently utilizes one coffee machine with hot plates

that remain on and drawing electricity throughout the work day to heat coffee pot.


Purchase and replace conventional coffee machine with a unit that heats





Coffee

Machine

One coffee machine

that draws power

throughout the day

for heating

elements.

Replace one conventional coffee maker with


Insulated Carafe

69

Savings Energy reduction from thermal carafe style coffee makers: 80%


Annual savings: $56


Payback: 2.3 years

ECM 9: Attic Insulation Existing Condition

Thermographic inspection of the Learning Center revealed that there are air

sealing and insulation deficiencies. Weatherization deficiencies found include

insufficient attic insulation. Insufficient insulation contributes to building heat

loss and consequently increase energy consumption and lower occupant comfort.


Improve building’s weatherization by increasing resistance to heat loss during

winter months and heat gain during summer months through improved insulation.

Weatherization

Component

Existing

Condition

New Condition

Attic insulation R20 fiberglass

batts

Air seal attic deck and meet R60 of blown

cellulous in attic.





Payback: 17.1 years

Lessons Learned Lessons learned from this project include the substantial savings that can be gained from no-cost

conservation measures, strength of reinvestment of energy savings into energy savings account

for sustainability and that newer buildings don’t necessarily equate to better performing

buildings. It was quickly learned that a large portion of feasible energy reduction can be at low

or no-cost using conservation methods. This lesson proved very valuable as the no-cost

70

conservation measures kick-started a planned energy savings account for continued

implementation of energy reduction measures.

Another key lesson learned is the importance of reinvestment to ongoing/sustainable energy

reduction and is considered a vital element in lessons learned. The plan in this project calls for

50% of energy savings to be deposited into an energy savings account where it can be drawn

from to fund capital expenditures.

Lastly, despite the common notion that newer buildings will out-perform older buildings in terms

of energy efficiency, this project provided another example that this isn’t always the case.

Comparing the newest building in this study, the Mikanuk building on BMCC’s campus, to

other/older buildings it was learned that this building used substantially more energy per square

foot of floor space despite being newer and equipped with energy saving items. Largely due to

lack of retrocommissioning, the Mikanuk building’s HVAC battles itself and consequently

wastes large amounts of energy. The specific problems with this building are described above in

the Mikanuk Building Specifics section.

Final Report: Energy Efficiency and Feasibility … Report Energy Efficiency Feasibility Study and...

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