Final loex presentation
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Spice up your library instruction with a little PICO Ellen Welty Sheila Hofstetter Arizona State University
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Transcript of Final loex presentation
Spice up your library instruction with a little PICO
Ellen Welty Sheila Hofstetter
Arizona State University
Francis Bacon1521-1629
“A prudent question is one-half wisdom”
http://www.english-renaissance.com/2010/08/francis-bacon-quotations/
2001 : Public alarm
Medical mistakes are blamed for as many as 98,000 lost lives annually.
JAMIA 2001;8:398-399 doi:10.1136/jamia.2001.0080398
2001 : Public alarm
Studies show it takes an average of 17 years
to implement clinical research.
JAMIA 2001;8:398-399 doi:10.1136/jamia.2001.0080398
2005: Workplace Readiness
Front line nurses – •“don’t understand or value research”
•“have received little or no training in the use of tools to help them find evidence.”
Am J Nurs. 2005 Sep;105(9):40-51;quiz 52.
JAMIA 2001;8:398-399 doi:10.1136/jamia.2001.0080398
David Sackett1997
Sackett, Evidence Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach It
Taught that the first information literacy skill is formulating a research question using PICO.
That is still the first skill taught today
Sackett
2002
Formulating an answerable question is “the
hardest step that many people face”.
Sackett, 2000, Evidence-based medicine; how to practice and teach it, p. 13
Teaching PICO1997 to 2011
Health Sciences Librarians
Teach PICO in academic and workplace settings
Evidence Based Librarianship2010
Project Information Literacy (PIL)
University of Washington
http://projectinfolit.org/pdfs/PIL_Fall2010_Survey_FullReport1.pdf
Project Information Literacy (PIL)
The PIL report’s findings revealed that:
• “defining a research inquiry was overwhelming for students”
• students “lacked research acumen for framing inquiry”
http://projectinfolit.org/pdfs/PIL_Fall2010_Survey_FullReport1.pdf (p.2)
PIL Findings % of Students experiencing problems
• 84% getting started• 66% defining a topic• 62% narrowing the topic
• 61% filtering through irrelevant results• 46% knowing if job is done• 37% knowing if finished with process
http://projectinfolit.org/pdfs/PIL_Fall2010_Survey_FullReport1.pdf (p.25)
PIL StudyFundamental Research Competency
“defining a research inquiry is the fundamental research competency for completing college course assignments….yet it stymied over two-thirds of the students in our sample”
http://projectinfolit.org/pdfs/PIL_Fall2010_Survey_FullReport1.pdf (p. 38)
PIL StudyRecommendations to [subject] librarians
Modify in-class sessions and reference encounters to emphasize the research process and formulate a research question over finding sources.
http://projectinfolit.org/pdfs/PIL_Fall2010_Survey_FullReport1.pdf (p. 39)
PIL Study 21st Century Workplace
Are we“assessing how students are being prepared for the 21st century workplace” ?
“Is the campus graduating students with the necessary information literacy competencies for the 21st century workplace?”
http://projectinfolit.org/pdfs/PIL_Fall2010_Survey_FullReport1.pdf (p. 40)
‘CONDUCT USE-INSPIRED RESEARCH’
ASU
Google Search 2011
A search for ‘thesis statements LibGuides’
yielded 108,000 results
Common Advice
“Have a good argument.”
“Don’t make your topic too broad or too narrow.”
Session Objective 1
How do we teach students to formulate a search question using PICO?
What is PICO?
P I C O
P = Population
I = Intervention
C = Comparison
O = OutcomeSackett, 1997, Evidence-based medicine; how to practice & Teach It, (p. 27.)http://www.mclibrary.duke.edu/subject/ebm?tab=questiontable
P I C O
P = Identify
• Population w/ (health) condition of interest• Participants • Principal person or thing• Problem• Predicament
Straus, 2010, Evidence-based medicine; how to practice and teach it, ( p. 15 - 18) Melnyk, 2011, Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice, (p. 31)
P I C O
I = IdentifyIntervention, therapy, treatment, tests
OR• Issue of interest
• Diagnoses - select, interpret• Risk, prevention – screen, reduce• Etiology – cause, risk factors• Exposure• Prognosis
P I C O
C = IdentifyComparison
• Another intervention
• True control placebo
• Standard operation
• Standard of care
P I C O
O = IdentifyOutcome
•Measurement of comparisons
The Circle of Critical Thinking© 2011 Hofstetter and Welty
*Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 2005, v.2, n.3, 157-160
Formulating a PICO question:Begin by asking two kinds of questions
Background Question
Asks about general topical elements:
1.who, what, where, when, why, how and a verb.2. lays foundation for PICO.
Straus, 2010, Evidence-based medicine; how to practice and teach it, ( p. 15)
Foreground Question
Asks about research elements:
1. what is population, intervention, comparison, outcome2.formulates research question and search strategy
PICO Question | Healthcare
Background | 5 WsWhat can prevent falls in elderly?
Foreground | PICOIn elderly at risk of falls (P), how does tai chi (I) compared to risk assessment (C) affect fall prevention/reduction (O)?
PICO Question | Healthcare
ForegroundIn elderly at risk of falls (P), how does tai chi (I) compared to risk assessment (C) affect fall prevention/reduction (O)?
Searches in PubMedSS1 Falls taiSS2 Falls [ti] tai [ti]
PICO Question | Across Disciplines
Background | 5 Ws Foreground | PICO
Who, What Population, Problem
How, Why Intervention, Cause
Straus, 2010, Evidence-based medicine; how to practice and teach it, ( p. 15) Melnyk, 2011, Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice, (p. 31)
PICO Question | Biology
Background | 5 WsWhat is causing the disappearance of colonies of bees worldwide?
Foreground | PICOIn colony collapse (P) how do viruses (disease) (I) compared to habitat loss (C) predict the disorder?
PICO Question | Biology
Foreground | PICOIn colony collapse (P) how do (disease) viruses (I) compared with habitat loss (C) predict the disorder (O)?
Searches in ABI/InformSS1: colony collapse AND (virus or habitat)SS2: ti (colony collapse) AND (virus or habitat)
PICO Question | American Literature
Background | 5 WsIn Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn does the racism in post-war southern US affect the plot?
Foreground | PICOIn Twain’s Huckleberry Finn, (P) how does racism (I) compared to anti-racism (C) affect the plot?
PICO Question | American Literature
Foreground | PICOIn Twain’s Huckleberry Finn, (P) how does racism (I) compared to anti-racism (C) affect the plot?
Searches in Humanities FTSS1 Huckleberry Finn AND rac*SS2 Huckleberry Finn [ti] AND rac* [ti]
PICO Question | Business
Background | 5 WsWhat causes rising oil prices?
Foreground | PICOIn rising oil prices (P), how do speculators (I) compared to regulation (C) influence oil prices (O)?
PICO Question | Business
Foreground | PICOIn rising oil prices (P), how do speculators (I) compared to regulation (C) influence the oil prices (O)?
Searches ABI/Inform | Advanced SearchSS1 "oil prices" AND speculat* OR regulat*SS2 ti "oil prices" AND ti speculat*
PICO Question | Aviation
Background | 5 WsHow can airplane landings be made safer?
Foreground | PICOIn airplane landings (P) how does using imaging sensors (I) compared to lights (C) affect safety (O)
PICO Question | Aviation
Foreground | PICOIn airplane landings (P) how does using imaging sensors (I) compared to lights (C) affect safety (O)
Searches in ABI InformLandings AND (sensors or lights)Ti (landings) AND ti (sensors or lights)
PICO Question | Aviation
Questions?
