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$: Filling in the Blanks - PC\|MACimages.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/AL/MobileCounty/BurnsMiddle... · Use another sheet of paper ... A. Review the map of the ... The dust bowl exodus$
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Guided Reading Activity 25-1★

DIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Use your textbook to fill in the blanks using thewords in the box. Use another sheet of paper if necessary.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) October 24 FarmOctober 29 stock exchange one-third foreignGreat Depression 16 million shares on margin railroadborrowed money October 21 automobile 25 percentBonus Army public works

The Stock Market

A (1) is an organized system for buying and selling shares in corporations.

Many investors lacked the money to continue purchasing stock, so they bought

(2) . Stock prices began to fall in September 1929 and declined steadily until

(3) . Panicked sellers sold almost 13 million shares on Black Thursday,

(4) . On Tuesday, (5) , the crisis worsened. By the end of the day,

more than (6) had changed hands, and stock prices had plummeted.

The Great Depression

During the next two years the United States slid into a severe economic crisis

called the (7) . The stock market crash was not the only cause. (8)

income shrank throughout the decade. The textile, lumber, mining, and (9)

industries also declined. The (10) and construction industries suffered from

lagging orders. As a result, employers cut wages and laid off workers. In 1929 less

than 1 percent of the population owned nearly (11) of the country’s wealth.

(12) fueled much of the economy in the 1920s. Many small banks suffered

when farmers defaulted on their loans. American economic weakness also weakened

(13) economies. By 1932, (14) of American workers were out of work.

Hoover and the Crisis

In 1931 President Herbert Hoover authorized additional federal spending on

(15) . In 1932, Congress created the (16) to lend money to businesses.

When the (17) marched on Washington in the summer of 1932 to demand

the money promised to them, Hoover responded by calling in the army.

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★ Enrichment Activity 25-1 ★★

The EconomyIn the 1920s confidence in the American

economy was at an all-time high. During theRoaring Twenties, people invested in thestock market at a dizzying speed, sometimesinvesting their whole life savings. Then, inOctober 1929, the United States’s golden eraof prosperity came to a disastrous halt whenthe stock market crashed. Investors lost bil-lions as the value of stocks plummeted. Forthe next two years, the economic declinecontinued as the country slid into the eraknown as the Great Depression.

DIRECTIONS: Interpreting Line GraphsUse the line graphs to answer the following questions.1. How many people were not employed

in 1931? ��

In 1937? ��2. By about how much did farm foreclo-

sures drop between 1933 and 1935?

��

3. In the same year that about 8 millionpeople were unemployed, what was thenumber of farm foreclosures and defaults?

��

4. How many more people were unemployed in 1937 than in 1929? ��

5. Based on the graphs, what was the worst year of the Great Depression? ��

6. Which years showed the sharpest rise in unemployment? ��

In farm foreclosures and defaults? ��

DIRECTIONS: Making a Graph Choose one area of the economyfrom a recent 10-year time period. Draw a line graph to show the

changes that occurred during this period. Then create two or three questions toaccompany your graph and exchange graphs and questions with a partner.

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10

8

6

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01929 1931 1933 1935 1937

Year

Unemployment, 1929–1937

Num

ber

of P

eopl

e (i

n m

illio

ns)

60

50

40

30

20

10

01929 1931 1933 1935 1937

Year

Farm Foreclosures andDefaults, 1929–1937

Num

ber

of F

arm

s (i

n th

ousa

nds)

SOURCE: Agricultural Statistics, 1941. U.S. Departmentof Agriculture.

SOURCE: Historical Statistics of the United States.

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DIRECTIONS: Recalling the Facts Use the information in your textbook to answer thequestions. Use another sheet of paper if necessary.

1. When did Franklin D. Roosevelt’s political career begin? ��2. As governor of New York, whose advice did FDR draw on to develop

relief programs for the state? ��3. What condition was the nation’s banking system in when Roosevelt became

president in 1933? ��

4. When did Roosevelt say that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”?

��

5. What did Roosevelt do two days after his inauguration? ��

6. What were Roosevelt’s informal radio talks to the nation called? ��

7. What came to be called the Hundred Days? ��

��

8. What areas did the New Deal laws affect? ��

9. How many people did the Civilian Conservation Corps employ over 10 years?

��

10. Whom did Roosevelt appoint to head the Federal Emergency Relief

Administration? ��

11. What were the goals of the AAA? ��

12. What program aimed to control flooding by building dams along the

Tennessee River? ��

13. What programs did the NIRA create? ��

��

14. What did Congress establish to insure bank deposits? ��

��

15. What did Congress set up to enforce the law regulating the sale of stocks

and bonds? ��

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Reteaching Activity 25-2★

DIRECTIONS: Completing a Chart Use the chart below to review the programsestablished during Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal. For each item abbreviationlisted in the chart, write the full name of the program and its purpose.

DIRECTIONS: Essay On a separate sheet of paper, answer the questions below.What did the TVA accomplish? Why was it criticized?

The New DealProgram Initials Full Name Aims/Purposes

CCC

FERA

AAA

TVA

NIRA

NRA

PWA

FDIC

SEC

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74 Unit 4, Chapter 15

Name Date

CHAPTER

15 OUTLINE MAP Anatomy of the Tennessee Valley Authority

Section 5

A. Review the map of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) on textbook pages520–521. Then, on the accompanying map, locate the same 11 states found on thetextbook map and add the following bodies of water, cities, and dams.

Bodies of Water Cities DamsCumberland R. Chattanooga Chickamauga DamKentucky Lake Knoxville Fort Loudoun DamMississippi R. Memphis Guntersville DamOhio R. Nashville Kentucky DamTennessee R. Paducah Nickajack Dam

B. After completing the map, use it to answer the following questions.

1. Use the scale bar to estimate both the east–west and north–south distances of

the area served by the TVA. ______________________________________________________

2. Which states does the TVA serve? ________________________________________________

3. The Tennessee River begins at Knoxville. Which is the first dam on the river? the

last dam? the southernmost? ____________________________________________________

4. Which is the first dam encountered after Chattanooga? ______________________________

5. How many dams does the Tennessee River have? ____________________________________

6. Describe the journey that a molecule of water at the Tennessee River’s source

takes to reach Memphis. ________________________________________________________

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The New Deal 75

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0 0

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ater

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DIRECTIONS: Outlining Locate the heading in your textbook. Then use the information under the heading to help you write each answer. Use another sheet of paper if necessary.

I. Hard Times in America

A. Introduction—How many men abandoned their homes? ��

B. Women Go to Work—Who was Frances Perkins? ��II. The Dust Bowl

A. What Caused the Dust Bowl?—What happened after farmers in the southern

Great Plains cleared millions of acres of sod for wheat farming? ��

��

B. Leaving Home—How many farmers migrated to California to become migrant

workers? ��

III. The Plight of Minorities

A. African Americans—How were African Americans in the South affected by the

Depression? ��

B. Native Americans—Who was John Collier? ��

C. Hispanics—Why did 500,000 Mexican immigrants leave the United States

during the early years of the Great Depression? ��IV. Radical Political Movements

A. How did socialists and Communists view the Great Depression? ��

��

B. What political philosophy that advocates government by dictatorship caught

the attention of Americans during the Great Depression? ��

V. Entertainment and the Arts

A. Escaping Troubled Times—What types of radio programs were popular

during the Great Depression? ��

B. Images of Despair—Who wrote Native Son? ��

Document Based Assessments

Name _______________________________________________________

The Dust Bowl

#3935 Exploring History—The Great Depression 64 ©Teacher Created Materials, Inc.

1. Which states suffered the worst drought?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. What states were included in the Dust Bowl?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. Why would overgrazing by cattle and sheep along with over cultivation and drought make the Great Plains vulnerable to dust storms?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

4. The dust bowl exodus was the largest migration in American history. By the end of the 1930s, 2.5 million people had moved out of the plains states. If you had lived in the plains during that time, where would you have migrated to and why?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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DIRECTIONS: Recalling the Facts Use the information in your textbook to answer thequestions. Use another sheet of paper if necessary.

1. What three critics of Franklin D. Roosevelt gained popularity with schemes to

help the average American? ��

2. How did the Revenue Act of 1935 bring in more government funds?

��

3. When did Roosevelt launch the Second New Deal? ��

4. What percentage of the workforce was unemployed in 1935? ��

5. What did Congress create in April 1935? ��

6. Whom did the Social Security Act help? ��

7. Where was the sit-down strike first used? ��8. Who was the most influential labor leader during the 1930s? What new union

did he form in 1934? ��9. What act guaranteed workers the right to form unions to bargain collectively

with employers? ��

10. What two things did the Fair Labor Standards Act do? ��11. Why did the Supreme Court strike down the National Industrial Recovery Act

and the Agricultural Adjustment Act? ��

12. Who were FDR’s main supporters in the 1936 election? ��

��

13. How did FDR attempt to prevent the Supreme Court from undoing the New Deal?

��

14. Why did FDR cut spending on relief and job programs in 1937? ��

��

15. What was the economic downturn of 1937 and 1938 called? How did FDRreverse it?

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★ Enrichment Activity 25-4 ★★

Paychecks

DIRECTIONS:Interpreting a TableUse the information on the table to fill in the blanks and answerthe questions.1. Average hourly

wage in 1936:

��

Change in averagehourly wage between 1933 and 1940:

��

2. Average hoursworked by men in 1931:

��

Lowest averagehourly wage for men between 1929 and 1941:

��

3. Highest average hours worked by women between 1929 and 1941: ��

Highest average hourly wage for women between 1929 and 1941:��4. If a man worked an average week at average pay, how much more would he earn

in 1929 than a woman who worked an average week at average pay? ��

DIRECTIONS: Using the Media Center Are there still differ-ences in wages for men and women in the United States?

What has been the trend over the past 20 years? Find data in the media centerfor the 1970s and the 1990s. Use the data to draw a double line graph showingthe difference in wages for men and women for each decade.

Wages and Hours for Production Workers, 1929–1941

All Production Workers Male Workers Female WorkersYear Av. wage Av. hrs. Av. wage Av. hrs. Av. wage Av. hrs.

per hr. per wk. per hr. per wk. per hr. per wk.

1929 $ .59 48.3 $ .63 49.1 $ .40 44.2

1930 .59 43.9 .62 44.5 .40 40.5

1931 .56 40.4 .60 40.4 .37 39.8

1932 .50 34.8 .53 34.4 .33 36.3

1933 .49 36.4 .52 36.3 .34 36.6

1934 .58 34.7 .61 34.8 .43 34.0

1935 .60 37.2 .63 37.5 .44 35.2

1936 .62 39.5 .65 40.1 .43 36.2

1937 .70 38.7 .74 39.3 .47 36.1

1938 .72 34.3 .76 34.6 .48 32.6

1939 .72 37.6 .77 38.0 .48 35.8

1940 .74 38.6 .78 39.2 .49 35.5

1941 .81 41.2 .87 41.8 .53 38.0

SOURCE: Historical Statistics of the United States.

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