Figure 6.1: Hypothetical transition matrix The Economics of Immigration, by Bansak, Simpson &...

The Economics of Immigration, by Bansak, Simpson & Zavodny ©2015

Figure 6.1: Hypothetical transition matrix

Child’s position in income distribution

Father’s position in

income distribution

Bottom quintile

Second quintile

Middle quintile

Fourth quintile

Top quintile

Bottom quintile

p11 p12 p13 p14 p15

Second quintile

p21 p22 p23 p24 p25

Middle quintile

p31 p32 p33 p34 p35

Fourth quintile

p41 p42 p43 p44 p45

Top quintile

p51 p52 p53 p54 p55


Table 6.1: Average income gap relative to 3rd-plus generation,by year in the United States

Year 1st generation 2nd generation

1950 0.3% 3.6%

1970 -6.7% 7.3%

1994-1996 -25.3% 2.0%

2011-2013 -23.7% -2.4%


Figure 6.2: Transition matrices for natives and immigrantsin Switzerland

Son’s position in income distribution

Immigrants Natives

Father’s position in

income distribution

Bottom quartile

Second quartile

Third quartile

Top quartile

Bottom quartile

Second quartile

Third quartile

Top quartile

Bottom quartile

45 28 17 10 37 25 20 17

Second quartile

30 29 26 15 29 29 22 21

Third quartile

12 29 25 34 17 27 30 26

Top quartile

13 14 32 41 15 18 30 37


Table 6.2: Intergenerational transmission of earnings and education in the U.S.

Men Women

Time periods Earnings Education Earnings Education

1940 and 1970 0.44 0.41 0.21 0.47

1970 and 1994-1996 0.62 0.43 0.50 0.42


Table 6.3: Educational attainment by immigrant generation

% not completed secondary school % attended college

1st gen 2nd gen.3rd+ gen. 1st gen 2nd gen.

3rd+ gen.

Country

1 immig. parent

2 immig. parents

1 immig. parent

2 immig. parents

Canada 23 19 14 24 45 44 50 37France 43 24 26 23 26 35 29 31Germany 34 - 19 8 27 28 14 27Ireland 16 19 - 28 47 47 53 34Netherlands 37 24 29 22 27 35 29 35Spain 40 33 55 43 24 40 21 35Sweden 29 14 15 13 35 32 28 34Switzerland 27 6 7 5 35 39 34 36UK 20 20 22 25 34 43 45 33U.S. 31 5 11 10 34 45 45 40


Table 6.4: Educational attainment by immigrant generation, U.S.

% not completed secondary school % attended college

1st gen 2nd gen.3rd+ gen. 1st gen 2nd gen.

3rd+ gen.

Year

1 immigr. Parent

2 immigr. parents

1 immigr.parent

2 immigr. parents

1950 76 56 63 62 9 18 14 16

1970 51 34 46 41 24 30 21 25

1994-1996 42 10 12 12 35 59 58 52

2011-2013 37 6 9 7 36 70 68 63


Table 6.5: Percentage of children in the U.S. who speak a language other than English at home

1st gen. 2nd gen. 3rd+ gen.

Year1 immigrant

parent2 immigrant

parents

1980 75.3 25.8 68.7 4.3

1990 87.7 30.8 78.7 4.6

2000 85.5 36.2 82.5 4.6

2010 81.8 40.1 81.3 4.7


Table 6.6: Ethnic attrition rates in the U.S.,by immigrant generation

1st gen. 2nd gen.

Country

Both parents born in country

Only father born in country

Only mother born in country

China 1.8 4.6 27.4 42.5

Cuba 2.2 5.2 31.4 31.6

Dominican Republic 10.1 11.7 23.2 23.5

El Salvador 3.1 23.6 88.1 83.8

India 8.5 14.5 68.7 84.1

Japan 3.4 2.3 26.7 41.6

Korea 1.7 2.6 42.0 31.5

Mexico 1.1 2.1 8.3 10.2

Philippines 4.1 4.8 31.3 51.1


Table 6.7: Average income gap relative to native-born whites,by ethnicity in the UK

Men Women

Ethnic group 1st gen. 2nd+ gen. 1st gen. 2nd+ gen.

White -3.4% - -5.5% -

Indian -26.9% -4.7% -23.6% -5.1%

Pakistani -34.2% -11.0% -21.3% -3.9%

Black African -43.5% -30.1% -31.8% -17.6%

Black Caribbean -21.6% -12.8% -8.7% -2.9%

Bangladeshi -55.3% -12.9% -21.4% -3.8%

Chinese -27.4% -9.4% -17.3% -2.3%

Figure 6.1: Hypothetical transition matrix The Economics of Immigration, by Bansak, Simpson &...

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