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PROFESSIONAL

MICROSOFT® SQL SERVER® 2012

ANALYSIS SERVICES WITH MDX AND DAX

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv

� PART I INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

� PART II DESIGNING MULTIDIMENSIONAL BISM

CHAPTER 2 A First Look at Multidimensional BISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

CHAPTER 3 Understanding MDX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

CHAPTER 4 Data Sources and Data Source Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

CHAPTER 5 Dimension Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

CHAPTER 6 Cube Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

CHAPTER 7 Administration and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

� PART III ADVANCED TOPICS IN BISM

CHAPTER 8 Advanced Dimension Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

CHAPTER 9 Advanced Cube Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

CHAPTER 10 Designing Mulitdimensional BISM for Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

CHAPTER 11 Optimizing Query Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

CHAPTER 12 Data Mining, Multidimensional BISM, and

Data Mining Add-ins for Offi ce 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

CHAPTER 13 SQL Integration Services and SQL Server

Reporting Services with Multidimensional BISM Models . . . . . . . . . . . 597

CHAPTER 14 Securing Multidimensional BISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

� PART IV POWERPIVOT AND TABULAR BISM

CHAPTER 15 Self-Service Business Intelligence and Introduction to

PowerPivot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

CHAPTER 16 A First Look at Tabular BISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .741

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CHAPTER 17 Enhancing Your Tabular BISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773

CHAPTER 18 Introduction to DAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813

CHAPTER 19 Advanced Topics in DAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867

CHAPTER 20 Analyzing Multidimensional and Tabular BISMs In Excel . . . . . . . . . . . 907

CHAPTER 21 PowerPivot for SharePoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .969

� PART V ADVANCED TOPICS WITH TABULAR BISM AND INTEGRATION WITH POWER VIEW

CHAPTER 22 Introduction and Confi guration of Power View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .999

CHAPTER 23 Visual Analytics with Power View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1031

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1077

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PROFESSIONAL

Microsoft® SQL Server® 2012

Analysis Services with MDX and DAX

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PROFESSIONAL

Microsoft® SQL Server® 2012

Analysis Services with MDX and DAX

Sivakumar HarinathRonald Pihlgren

Denny Guang-Yeu LeeJohn Sirmon

Robert M. Bruckner

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Professional Microsoft® SQL Server® 2012 Analysis Services with MDX and DAX

Published byJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.10475 Crosspoint BoulevardIndianapolis, IN 46256www.wiley.com

Copyright © 2012 by Sivakumar Harinath, Ronald Pihlgren, Denny Guang-Yeu Lee, John Sirmon, and Robert M. Bruckner

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-1-118-10110-0ISBN: 978-1-118-22343-7 (ebk)ISBN: 978-1-118-23708-3 (ebk)ISBN: 978-1-118-26209-2 (ebk)

Manufactured in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifi cally disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fi tness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or pro-motional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the pub-lisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.

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Thanks to my wife Shreepriya and my kids Praveen

and Divya for their love and patience.

—Sivakumar Harinath

Thanks to my wife Nujsaran for her continual

support, understanding, and love. Thanks also to Siva

for the opportunity.

—Ron Pihlgren

To the patience and love from Samantha, Isabella, and

Hua-Ping.

—Denny Guang-Yeu Lee

Dedicated to my parents.

—Robert M. Bruckner

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ABOUT THE AUTHORS

SIVAKUMAR HARINATH was born in Chennai, India. He has a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Illinois at Chicago. His thesis title was “Data Management Support for Distributed Data Mining of Large Datasets over High Speed Wide Area Networks.” He has worked for Newgen Software Technologies (P) Ltd; IBM Toronto Labs, Canada; National Center for Data Mining, University of Illinois at Chicago; and has been at Microsoft since February of 2002. Siva started as a Software Design Engineer in Test (SDET) in the Analysis Services Performance team, and currently is a Senior Program Manager in the Analysis Services team. His other interests include high-performance computing, distributed systems, and high-speed networking.

Siva is married to Shreepriya and has twins, Praveen and Divya. His personal interests include travel, games, and sports (in particular carrom, chess, racquet ball, and board games). Siva has co-authored books Professional Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services 2005 with MDX (Wrox, 2006), MDX Solutions 2nd edition (Wiley, 2006), Professional Microsoft SQL Server AnalysisServices 2008 with MDX (Wrox, 2009), and Professional Microsoft PowerPivot for Excel andSharePoint (Wrox, 2010). You can reach Siva at sivakumar.harinath@microsoft.com.

RONALD PIHLGREN is a native of Chicago, Illinois. He has a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science from DePaul University. A 17-year veteran at Microsoft, he is currently a Senior Software Development Engineer in Test on the SQL Server Analysis Services team. He was one of the principal tech reviewers for the book Professional Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services 2008 with MDX(Wrox, 2009) and was one of the co-authors of the book Professional Microsoft PowerPivot forExcel and SharePoint (Wrox, 2010). He has a blog at http://ronaldpihlgren.wordpress.com.

DENNY GUANG-YEU LEE is a Technical Principal Program Manager within Microsoft based out of Redmond, WA. He is one of the original core members of Microsoft Hadoop on Windows and Azure and had helped bring Hadoop into Microsoft. In addition to Big Data, he was the Data Warehousing and BI Group Lead for the SQL Customer Advisory team and co-creator of the SSAS Maestros course.

As consulting architect enjoying working on complex technical problems, Lee has also become a SME in web analytics and healthcare. He is avid in social media (@dennylee) and continuously uses the forum to share deep technical learning. Examples of his work can be found in books ranging from Analysis Services to Healthcare Informatics (http://dennyglee.com/books-2/), comprehen-sive technical guides including Analysis Services Performance and Operations Guides (http://dennyglee.com/articles/), and in his blogs at both sqlcat.com and dennyglee.com.

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x x ABOUT THE AUTHORS

JOHN SIRMON is a Senior Program Manager with the SQL Server Customer Advisory team at Microsoft. He has worked for Microsoft since March 2001 and began working with Microsoft SQL Server over 10 years ago when he began his professional career as a consultant at PricewaterhouseCoopers. He has extensive development experience with Microsoft Visual Studio and all the components of the Microsoft BI Stack. His specialties include Analysis Services perfor-mance tuning, Reporting Services, SharePoint integration, troubleshooting Kerberos Authentication, and PowerPivot for SharePoint. John has presented topics ranging from Reporting Services SharePoint integration to Analysis Services at SQL Server PASS Summits and Microsoft TechReady conferences. John holds a BS degree in Business Administration with a minor in MIS from the Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina. In his spare time he is the lead singer/guitarist of a local rock band in Charlotte, NC. John lives in Lake Wylie, SC, with his wife, two sons, and their two bloodhounds.

ROBERT M. BRUCKNER is a Principal Software Architect and developer with the Microsoft SQL Server division. Robert is responsible for the technical architecture of SQL Server Reporting Services including Power View. One of Robert’s core areas has been the design and development of the scal-able report processing engine utilized by Reporting Services and Power View. Power View is an enhancement of Reporting Services 2012, enabling end users to easily and interactively visualize data, quickly gain analytical insights, and simply have fun exploring data!

Prior to joining Microsoft in 2003, Robert researched, designed, and implemented database and business intelligence systems as a system architect at T-Mobile Austria, and as a researcher at Vienna University of Technology, Austria. Robert holds Masters and PhD degrees with highest dis-tinctions in Computer Science from Vienna University of Technology, and holds several patents.

Anyone good with a search engine can fi nd thousands of Robert’s past postings on public news-groups and MSDN forums sharing his insights, tips, tricks, and expert advice related to Reporting Services and other SQL Server technologies. Robert has co-authored books on SQL Server Reporting Services as well as Analysis Services. Robert regularly presents at industry conferences and also maintains a popular blog at http://blogs.msdn.com/robertbruckner. In his spare time, Robert enjoys mountain biking, skiing, and reading.

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ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS

ADAM JORGENSEN is a SQL Server MVP and President of Pragmatic Works Consulting. He also serves as a Director for the Professional Association of SQL Server (PASS). His focus is on using his over 12 years of experience to mentor executives and teams to maximize their insight and execution based on improved analytics and data performance. He lives in Jacksonville, FL and is a regular speaker at SQL Saturdays, SQL Rally, and PASS Summit events. You can catch up with Adam at AdamJorgensen.com or @AJBigData.

DUSTIN RYAN is Senior Business Intelligence Consultant with Pragmatic Works. He began work-ing with Pragmatic Works as a Junior Business Intelligence Consultant in 2008. Dustin’s special-ties include Reporting Services, Integration Services, and Analysis Services. Dustin has worked as a technical editor for the book Knight’s 24-Hour Trainer: Microsoft SQL Server 2008 IntegrationServices (Wiley, 2009). You can fi nd Dustin speaking at community events such as SQL Saturdays, Code Camps, and various PASS events. Dustin blogs regularly at http://sqldusty.wordpress.com and http://www.bidn.com.

Dustin is a native of Jacksonville, Florida and is married to his beautiful wife, Angela, and is the father of their two amazing children, Dallas and Bradley. In his spare time, Dustin enjoys spending time with his family and serving at his church.

CHRIS PRICE is a Senior Business Intelligence Consultant with Pragmatic Works based out of Lakeland, Florida. He has a BS degree in Management Information Systems and a Masters of Business Administration, both from the University of South Florida. He began his career 12 years ago as a developer and has extensive experience across a wide range of Microsoft technologies. His current interests include ETL, Data Integration, Analysis Services, SharePoint and Big Data. Chris regularly presents at SQL Saturdays, Code Camps, and other community events such as 24 Hours of PASS. You can follow Chris on his blog at http://bidn.com/blogs/cprice1979/ or on Twitter at @BluewaterSQL.

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EXECUTIVE EDITOR

Robert Elliott

PROJECT EDITOR

Tom Dinse

TECHNICAL EDITORS

Leon Cyril

Wayne Robertson

Sergey Volegov

PRODUCTION EDITOR

Daniel Scribner

COPY EDITOR

San Dee Phillips

EDITORIAL MANAGER

Mary Beth Wakefi eld

FREELANCER EDITORIAL MANAGER

Rosemarie Graham

ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF MARKETING

David Mayhew

MARKETING MANAGER

Ashley Zurcher

BUSINESS MANAGER

Amy Knies

PRODUCTION MANAGER

Tim Tate

VICE PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE GROUP

PUBLISHER

Richard Swadley

VICE PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER

Neil Edde

ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER

Jim Minatel

PROJECT COORDINATOR, COVER

Katie Crocker

PROOFREADERS

Scott Klemp, Word One

Paul Sagan, Word One

Louise Watson, Word One

INDEXER

Robert Swanson

COVER DESIGNER

Ryan Sneed

COVER IMAGE

© braverabbit / iStockPhoto

CREDITS

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

WOW!!! IT HAS BEEN AN AMAZING 10 MONTHS from when we started writing this book. The fi rst edition of this book started when Siva jokingly mentioned to his wife the idea of writing a book on SQL Server Analysis Services 2005. She took it seriously and motivated him to start working on the idea in October 2003. Because the fi rst two editions were well received, we identifi ed co-authors for the new edition. All the co-authors of this book are part of the Microsoft SQL Server team.

As always, there are so many people who deserve mentioning that we are afraid we will miss some-one. If you are among those missed, please accept our humblest apologies. We fi rst need to thank the managers of each co-author for their support. Next we thank our colleagues on the Analysis Services and Reporting Services team for their help and support with improving the content of the book, drawing on their expertise from proven best practices from large-scale customer deployments of Analysis Services and Reporting Services. We thank our editors, Bob Elliott and Tom Dinse, who supported us right from the beginning, and also prodded us along, which was necessary to make sure the book published on time. We thank Kay Unkroth, Wei Zou, Wee Hyong Tok, Karen Aleksanyan from SQL Server team for their contributions for Chapters 3, 12, 13, 18, and 19. In addition, the authors thank Adam Jorgensen, Dustin Ryan, and Chris Price from Pragmatic Works for their contributions to Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 20, and 21. We would like to thank our technical reviewers Leon Cyril, Sergey Volegov, and Wayne Robertson who graciously offered us their assis-tance and signifi cantly helped in improving the content and samples in the book.

Most importantly, we owe our deepest thanks to our wonderful families. Without their support and sacrifi ce, this book would have become one of those many projects that begins and never fi nishes. Our families truly took the brunt of it and sacrifi ced shared leisure time, all in support of our liter-ary pursuit. We especially want to thank them for their patience with us, and the grace it took to not kill us during some of the longer work binges.

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION xxxv

PART I: INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 3

BISM Multidimensional Mode 4

A Closer Look at Data Warehousing 5

Key Elements of a Data Warehouse 8

Fact Tables 8

Dimension Tables 9

Dimensions 10

Cubes 11

The Star Schema 12

The Snowfl ake Schema 13

Inmon Versus Kimball — Diff erent Approaches 14

Business Intelligence Is Data Analysis 15

BISM Tabular Mode 15

SQL Server Analysis Services 2012 17

The Business Intelligence Semantic Model 18

Data Model 19

Query Language 20

Data Access Technology 20

Summary 21

PART II: DESIGNING MULTIDIMENSIONAL BISM

CHAPTER 2: A FIRST LOOK AT MULTIDIMENSIONAL BISM 25

Development, Administrative, and Client Tools 26

Upgrading to Analysis Services 2012 26

Using SQL Server Data Tools to Build Analysis Services Multidimensional Applications 31

Creating a Project Using SQL Server Data Tools 32

The Solution Explorer 34

The Properties Window 35

The Output Window 35

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xviii

CONTENTS

Creating an Analysis Services Database Using SQL Server Data Tools 35

Creating a Data Source 36

Creating a Data Source View (DSV) 40

Creating a Cube Using the Cube Wizard 44

Deploying and Browsing a Cube 53

Using SQL Server Management Studio 56

The Object Explorer Pane 59

Querying Using the MDX Query Editor 61

Summary 63

CHAPTER 3: UNDERSTANDING MDX 65

What Is MDX? 66

MDX Concepts 66

Measures and Measure Groups 66

Hierarchies and Hierarchy Levels 67

Members 68

Cells 70

Tuples 72

Sets 72

MDX Queries 73

SELECT Statement and Axis Specifi cation 74

FROM Clause and Cube Specifi cation 75

Subselect Clauses 75

WHERE Clause and Slicer Specifi cation 76

Slicer Dimension 76

WITH Clause, Named Sets, and Calculated Members 77

Named Sets 77

Calculated Members 79

Ranking and Sorting 81

MDX Expressions 82

MDX Operators 83

Arithmetic Operators 83

Set Operators 83

Comparison Operators 84

Logical Operators 84

Special MDX Operators — Curly Braces, Commas, and Colons 84

MDX Functions 85

MDX Function Categories 85

Set Functions 85

Crossjoin 86

NONEMPTYCROSSJOIN and NONEMPTY 86

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xix

CONTENTS

Filter and Having 87

Member Functions 87

Numeric Functions 88

Dimension Functions, Level Functions, and Hierarchy Functions 89

String Manipulation Functions 89

Other Functions 89

MDX Scripts 89

MDX Script Execution 90

CALCULATE Statement 90

Cube Space 92

AUTO EXISTS 93

Cell Calculations and Assignments 94

Recursion 97

Freeze Statement 97

Restricting Cube Space/Slicing Cube Data 98

SCOPE Statement 98

CREATE and DROP SUBCUBE 98

Using EXISTS 99

Using EXISTING 99

Using SUBSELECT 100

Parameterized MDX Queries 101

MDX Comments 102

Summary 102

CHAPTER 4: DATA SOURCES AND DATA SOURCE VIEWS 103

Data Sources 104

Data Sources Supported by Analysis Services 105

.NET Versus OLE DB Data Providers 109

.NET Framework Data Providers 109

OLE DB Data Providers 109

The Trade-Off s 110

Data Source Views 110

DSV Wizard 111

DSV Designer 111

Adding/Removing Tables in a DSV 113

Specifying Primary Keys and Relationships in the DSV 114

Customizing Your Tables in the DSV Designer 115

Data Source Views in Depth 119

Diagrams 119

Data Source View Properties 121

Diff erent Layouts in DSVs 123

Validating Your DSV and Initial Data Analysis 125

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xx

CONTENTS

Multiple Data Sources Within a DSV 126

Summary 127

CHAPTER 5: DIMENSION DESIGN 129

Working with the Dimension Wizard 130

Working with the Dimension Designer 136

Attributes 137

Attribute Relationships 139

User Hierarchies 144

Browsing the Dimension 148

Sorting Members of a Level 157

Optimizing Attributes 159

Defi ning Translations in Dimensions 159

Creating a Snowfl ake Dimension 162

Creating a Time Dimension 165

Creating a Parent-Child Hierarchy 168

Summary 172

CHAPTER 6: CUBE DESIGN 173

The BISM Multidimensional Mode 173

Creating a Cube Using the Cube Wizard 176

Browsing Cubes 180

Cube Dimensions 184

Relationship Types 185

No Relationship 185

Regular Relationships 186

Fact Relationships 186

Many-to-Many Relationships 187

Data Mining Relationships 187

Referenced Relationships 187

Browsing Reference Dimensions in Excel 190

Measures and Measure Groups 192

Calculated Members 198

Calculated Measures 200

Querying Calculated Measures 203

Creating Perspectives 203

Creating Translations 205

Browsing Perspectives and Translations 206

Summary 208

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xxi

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 7: ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT 209

Administration Using SQL Server 2012 Tools 210

Managing Analysis Servers 210

Managing Analysis Services Objects 214

Database Creation 215

Processing Analysis Services Database Objects 217

Processing a Cube 221

Processing a Dimension 226

Managing Partitions 228

Managing Assemblies 234

Backup and Restore 237

Detach and Attach 241

Synchronization 244

Managing Security 249

Server and Database Roles 249

Enabling or Disabling Features 249

Online Mode 250

Programmatic and Advanced Administration 253

Analysis Management Objects (AMO) 253

Processing Analysis Services Databases 253

Back Up and Restore 258

Adding Assemblies to Analysis Services 259

PowerShell and Analysis Services 261

Resource and Activity Monitoring 261

HTTP Connectivity to Analysis Services 264

Analysis Services and FailOver Clustering 265

Summary 265

PART III: ADVANCED TOPICS IN BISM

CHAPTER 8: ADVANCED DIMENSION DESIGN 269

Custom Rollups 270

Enhancements to Parent-Child Hierarchies 280

Unary Operators 280

Specifying Names of Levels in a Parent-Child Hierarchy 286

Using Properties to Customize Dimensions 288

Ordering Dimension Members 289

The All Member, Default Member, and Unknown Member 289

Error Confi gurations for Processing 292

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xxii

CONTENTS

Storage Mode 293

Grouping Members 294

Dimension Intelligence Using the Business Intelligence Wizard 295

Account Intelligence 295

Time Intelligence 301

Dimension Intelligence 305

Server Time Dimension 307

Dimension Writeback 311

Summary 314

CHAPTER 9: ADVANCED CUBE DESIGN 315

Measure Groups and Measures 316

Adding and Enhancing Dimensions 321

Fact Dimensions 322

Many-to-Many Dimensions 323

Data Mining Dimensions 325

Role-Playing Dimensions 328

Adding Calculations to Your Cube 329

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) 337

KPI Creation 337

KPIs in Depth 344

Using ADOMD.NET to Query KPIs 345

Drillthrough 347

Actions 348

Action Types 348

Action Target Types 348

URL Action 349

Browse URL Action in the Cube Browser 353

Report Actions 354

Drillthrough Action 356

Adding Intelligence to the Cube 362

Semiadditive Measures 363

Currency Conversion 365

Working with Partitions 371

Building a Local Partition 373

Building a Remote Partition 375

Storage Modes and Storage Settings 384

Building Aggregations 386

The Aggregation Design Process 389

Usage-Based Optimization 392

Real-Time Cubes 393

Long Latency Scenario 393

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xxiii

CONTENTS

Caching After Data Change 394

Caching Using Timed Updates 396

Average Latency Scenario 397

Caching with MOLAP Storage Option 397

No Latency Scenario 401

Real-Time ROLAP Storage Option 402

Defi ning Security 403

Cell Writeback 407

Cell Writeback Prerequisites 408

Writeback Statement 409

Update Nonleaf Cell Value Using Allocation 411

Equal Allocation 411

Weighted Allocation 412

Incremental Allocation 413

Cautions 413

AMO Warnings 414

Design Experience 415

Dismissing Warnings 415

Warnings Designer 416

Summary 418

CHAPTER 10: DESIGNING MULITDIMENSIONAL BISM FOR PERFORMANCE 419

Optimizing Multidimensional BISM Design 422

Fine-Tuning Your Dimensions 422

Choosing the Right Key Attribute 422

Avoiding Unnecessary Attributes 423

Turning Off Optimization for Rarely Used Attributes 424

Turning Off AttributeHierarchy for Member Properties 425

Defi ning Relationships between Attributes 425

Fine-Tuning Your Cube 427

Fact Table Í Measure Groups or Partitions 427

Optimizing Reference Dimensions 429

Many-to-Many Dimensions 429

Partitions 430

Merging Partitions 431

Partition Slices 434

Partition Slices and ROLAP 434

A Partition Slice Example 435

Distinct Count Partitioning 437

Optimizing for Processing 439

Creating Partitions to Speed Up Processing 441

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xxiv

CONTENTS

Choosing Small and Appropriate Data Types and Sizes 441

SQL Server and Analysis Services Installations 442

Optimizing a Relational Data Source 442

Avoiding Excessive Aggregation Design 443

Using Incremental Processing When Appropriate 443

Parallelism during Processing 445

Identifying Resource Bottlenecks 449

Designing Aggregations 450

Understanding Aggregations 451

Creating Aggregations 453

Applying Aggregation Design 459

Usage-Based Aggregation Design 462

Aggregation Design Options 468

Designing Effi cient Aggregations Using Hints 468

Relationships between Attributes 468

Properties Controlling Attributes and Aggregation Design 471

Managing Aggregation Designs 474

Scalability Optimizations 475

Confi guring Server Confi guration Properties 476

Scaling Out 477

Scaling Up 477

Handling Large Dimensions 478

Summary 478

CHAPTER 11: OPTIMIZING QUERY PERFORMANCE 479

How OLAP Enhances Performance 480

The Calculation Model 480

MDX Scripts 481

Scope and Assignments 483

Dimension Attribute Calculations 483

Session and Query Calculations 484

Query Execution Architecture 485

Analysis Services Engine Components 485

Stages of Query Execution 486

Query Evaluation Modes 487

Cell-by-Cell Mode 487

Subspace Computation 489

Performance Analysis and Tuning Tools 492

SQL Server Profi ler 492

Analysis Services Trace Events 497

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CONTENTS

Performance Monitor 498

Task Manager 501

SQL Server Management Studio 502

SQL Server Data Tools 502

Server Properties 502

Analyzing Query Performance Issues 503

Understanding FE and SE Characteristics 504

Common Solutions for Slow Queries 504

Large Storage Engine Requests 504

Several Storage Engine Requests 505

Formula Engine-Intensive Query 505

Query Optimization Techniques 505

Using NON EMPTY on Axes 506

Using Non Empty for Filtering and Sorting 508

Using SCOPE Versus IIF and CASE 509

Auto Exists Versus Properties 509

Member Value Versus Properties 509

Move Simple Calculations to Data Source View 510

Features Versus MDX Scripts 510

Scale Out with Read-Only Database 510

Writeback Query Performance 512

Summary 512

CHAPTER 12: DATA MINING, MULTIDIMENSIONAL BISM, AND DATA MINING ADD-INS FOR OFFICE 2010 513

The Data Mining Process 514

Topic Area Understanding 515

Data: Understand It, Confi gure It 516

Choose the Right Algorithm 517

Train, Analyze, and Predict 517

Real-World Applications 518

Fraud Detection 518

Increasing Profi ts in Retail 519

Data Mining in the NBA 519

Data Mining in Call Centers 519

Data Mining Algorithms in SQL Server Analysis Services 2012 520

Microsoft Decision Trees 521

Microsoft Naïve Bayes 521

Microsoft Clustering 522

Microsoft Sequence Clustering 522

Microsoft Association Rules 522

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Microsoft Neural Network 522

Microsoft Time Series 523

Microsoft Linear Regression 523

Microsoft Logistic Regression 523

Working with Mining Models 524

Relational Mining Model 524

OLAP Mining Models 548

Analyzing the Cube with a Data Mining Dimension 555

Using Data Mining with Offi ce 2010 557

Table Analytics 558

Analyze Key Infl uencers 559

Detect Categories 562

Fill from Example 565

Forecast 566

Highlight Exceptions 568

Shopping Basket Analysis 569

Scenario Analysis 571

Data Mining Tools 571

Explore Data Wizard 572

Clean Data: Outliers and Re-label Wizards 574

Sample Data Wizard 576

Classifi cation Model 577

Model Accuracy 579

Classifi cation Matrix 582

Visio Add-in 584

The Decision Tree Shape 584

The Cluster Shape Wizard 588

The Dependency Shape Wizard 592

Summary 594

CHAPTER 13: SQL INTEGRATION SERVICES AND SQL SERVER REPORTING SERVICES WITH MULTIDIMENSIONAL BISM MODELS 597

SQL Server Integration Services 599

Creating an Integration Services Project 599

Creating Integration Services Packages for Analysis Services Operations 600

The Execute DDL Task 601

Processing an Analysis Services Object 611

Loading Data into an Analysis Services Partition 613

Deploying the Integration Services Project 622

Integration Services Tasks for Data Mining 626

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Automating Execution of SSIS Packages 627

Monitoring SSIS Package Executions 634

SQL Server Reporting Services 635

Report Designer, Report Builder 635

Report Defi nition Language 636

Report Wizard 636

Report Server 636

Creating a Report on a Relational Database 637

Connecting and Deploying to a Report Server 644

Creating a Report on a Multidimensional Model 648

Designing Your Analysis Services Report 649

Enhancing Your Analysis Services Report 654

Enhancing Your Report Using Extended Properties 662

Custom Aggregates 665

Summary 669

CHAPTER 14: SECURING MULTIDIMENSIONAL BISM 671

Securing Your Source Data 672

Securing Your Dimension Data 674

A Scenario Using Dimension Security 674

The User-Role Approach 682

The Access-Role Approach 697

The Member Property Approach 698

The Security Measure Group Approach 700

The External Function Approach 703

Securing Your Cube Data 705

Scenario Using Cell Security 706

Summary 715

PART IV: POWERPIVOT AND TABULAR BISM

CHAPTER 15: SELF-SERVICE BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND INTRODUCTION TO POWERPIVOT 719

SQL Server 2012 720

Self-Service Business Intelligence 721

PowerPivot: Microsoft’s Implementation of SSBI 722

PowerPivot Applications 722

PowerPivot for Excel 723

PowerPivot for SharePoint 732

The Analysis Services Engine in VertiPaq Mode 736

Summary 739

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CHAPTER 16: A FIRST LOOK AT TABULAR BISM 741

Tabular Mode Projects in SSDT 742

Setting Up a Tabular Instance of Analysis Services 2012 742

Creating a Tabular Project Using SQL Server Data Tools 743

Workspace Server and Deployment Server 744

Importing Data 746

The Tabular Designer 748

The Model Menu 750

Working with Tables in the Designer 752

Working with Columns in the Designer 756

Relationships 759

Adding Calculations to Your Tabular Model 761

Calculated Columns 761

Measures 762

Browsing the Model 765

Modeling and Deploying 767

Administering Your Tabular Model Using SSMS 769

Summary 772

CHAPTER 17: ENHANCING YOUR TABULAR BISM 773

Sourcing Data for Your Model 773

Refi ning Your Tabular Model 774

Changing the Model 774

Adding a New Table 774

Modifying an Existing Table 775

Hiding and Deleting Tables, Columns, and Measures 776

Creating a Date Table 777

Creating and Managing Relationships 777

Column Operations 777

Filtering and Sorting 777

Confi guring for PowerPivot and Power View 779

Enhancing Your Model with Hierarchies 779

Creating a Date Hierarchy 780

Making Use of Time Intelligence Functions 783

Creating a Geography Hierarchy 785

Creating a Product Hierarchy by Combining Columns from Diff erent Tables 786

Creating Parent/Child Hierarchies 788

Enhancing Measures 788

Building Explicit Measures with DAX 788

Implicit Measures 790

Change Measure Properties 792

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