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Transcript of Federal Aviation Administration Federal Aviation Administration By: Ken Jacobs FAA Airport Planning...
Federal AviationAdministrationFederal AviationAdministration
By: Ken JacobsFAA Airport Planning and Environmental DivisionAPP-400
Date: March 2, 2011
FAA Safety Management Systems
SMS and the Airport SMS and the Airport Planning and Planning and
Development ProcessDevelopment Process
34th Annual Airports Conference
Hershey, PA
2Federal AviationAdministration
The Bottom Line…The Bottom Line…
We Must Do SMS To Improve Safety
SMS Will Be Applied To Our Decisions Involving Airport Planning And Development Projects
(FAA Airports– ARP)
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Airport Planning and DevelopmentAirport Planning and Development
Master
Planning
Design
Alternatives
Selection
Airport
Layout
Plan
Environmental
Decisions
Funding
Construction
Operation!!
4Federal AviationAdministration
Airport Planning and DevelopmentAirport Planning and Development
Master
Planning
Design
Alternatives
Selection
Airport
Layout
Plan
Environmental
Decisions
Funding
Construction
Operation!!
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Airport Infrastructure and OperationsAirport Infrastructure and Operations• Infrastructure and Operations
– Infrastructure can (almost) always be operated in a safe manner
– Therefore, system operations ultimately determine system safety
• SMS balances production goals with safety goals– Therefore, airport infrastructure must provide for a safe operation while
satisfying aeronautical demand
– Airport productivity to meet aeronautical demand can be measured in terms of system capacity, efficiency and utility
• Infrastructure– Provided (primarily) by the Airport– Approved and funded through AIP and PFC
• Operations– Provided by…– Flight Operations: Air Traffic (ATO), Flight Standards, etc
– Airport Operations: Airport
– Aircraft Operations: Pilot
Airport Planning and Development
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Jeopardy Category: Aviation SafetyJeopardy Category: Aviation Safety
Answer: Safety Management Systems
“How do we prevent accidents and disruptions that have never happened
before?” Ken Jacobs, 2011
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Why Do We Need To Do SMS?Why Do We Need To Do SMS?
James Reason's Swiss cheese model of defenses. Reprinted from the BMJ [71] (copyright 2000) with permission from the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
Controls
Controls prevent hazards from causing an unacceptable loss
• Equipment (aircraft, etc)
• Pilots
• Airport Operators
• Airport Standards
• Rules, Directives
• Notices
• Procedures, etc., etc.
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Another Reason Why…Another Reason Why…
• FAA Order 8000.369 requires ARP to:– Develop SMS requirement for regulated parties (Part 139
certificated airports)
– Integrate SMS concepts throughout the ARP organization
– Coordinate safety risk management with airports
• FAA’s efforts will also harmonize with international standards and recommended practices– ICAO State Safety Program for ‘state’ aviation
organization
– ICAO Annex 14 (SMS for certificated airports)
the ARP
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SMS ComponentsSMS Components• Safety Policy
– Commitment to continually improve safety
– Defines methods, processes and organizational structure
• Safety Risk Management– Safety-related decisions
– Assesses hazards, risks and controls
• Safety Assurance– Evaluates safety performance
• Safety Promotion– Promotes safety culture
Feedback
http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_rpt_001a.pdfhttp://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_rpt_001a.pdf
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Two ARP SMS InitiativesTwo ARP SMS Initiatives
• SMS for Airports we regulate under 14 CFR Part 139, Certification of Airports – Oversight as regulator
– Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
– External SMS
• SMS for FAA airport planning and development services, including airport standards and airport project review, coordination, and approval. – Product/service provider in partnership with airport sponsors
– Implement through internal FAA Order (5200.11) and Implementation Guidance (Draft: 1/31/2011)
– Internal SMS
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Two ARP SMS InitiativesTwo ARP SMS Initiatives
Airports Regulated under Part 139 – NPRM
– A complete SMS:• Safety Policy
• Safety Risk Management (SRM)
• Safety Assurance
• Safety Promotion
– SMS Manual
– Focus on Airport Operations
ARP Planning and Development Services– An FAA Requirement– Safety Risk Management
Only (for Airport Sponsors)
– FAA airport planning and development approvals
• Airport Layout Plans
• Construction Safety and Phasing Plans
• Modification of Standards
• Part 150 noise compatibility programs
– All airports by 2014
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Safety Risk Management (SRM)Safety Risk Management (SRM)
Mitigate RisksMitigate RisksIdentify actions, controls, or other measures to reduce the likelihood of consequences associated with a hazard. Reduce the predicted risk level to medium or low.
Assess RisksAssess Risks Severity and likelihood are used to determine associated risk using predictive risk matrix.
Analyze RisksAnalyze RisksFor each hazard, identify the worst case outcomes that are responsible or credible within the operational lifetime of the system. Determine consequences; likelihood and severity.
Identify Hazards
Identify Hazards
Identify any condition or situation that could create adverse safety consequences for the airport, users, and surrounding community. Include operational, personnel, organizational, and environmental factors.
Describe System
Describe System
Identify all related systems and include operational, procedural, organizational, and environmental factors as well as physical characteristics.
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Safety Assessments: The ProcessSafety Assessments: The Process
• Initiate Safety Assessment Screen form (SAS)
• Develop Project Proposal Summary
• Stakeholder review and refinements
• SRM panel preparations
• SRM panel meeting
• Final SAS signatures with supporting documentationThe objective is to decide on the need for an SRM panel as soon as possible. If needed, begin planning for the panel immediately.
The objective is to decide on the need for an SRM panel as soon as possible. If needed, begin planning for the panel immediately.
SRM is best performed through a meeting with subject matter experts representing various stakeholders with safety and operational responsibilities.
SRM is best performed through a meeting with subject matter experts representing various stakeholders with safety and operational responsibilities.
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• Initial screening (SAS form)– FAA Project Manager
• SRM Panel Member Certification– Fully considered hazards and mitigation– Not an agreement with findings (risks)– Dissenting opinions are included in the final report
• Airport Sponsor– Acknowledges hazards– Certifies obligations and mitigation requirements
• FAA Approval– Approves processes and procedures, including mitigations to
ensure an acceptable level of safety
Safety Assessments: The SignaturesSafety Assessments: The Signatures
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Project Proposal SummaryProject Proposal Summary
A clear, concise description of the airport and proposed change
Used by stakeholders and panel members (if needed) to quickly understand relevant safety and operational factors
Includes:– Physical Description– Operational Characteristics– Proposed Changes
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Project Proposal SummaryProject Proposal Summary
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SMS Implementation: Guidance (Internal)SMS Implementation: Guidance (Internal)
• FAA Order 5200.11, FAA Airports Safety Management System, signed August 30, 2010– ARP SMS requirements
• FAA Office of Airports Safety Management System Implementation Guide– How-to guide
– Draft for internal review. Comments Feb 28
– Draft for industry outreach/review: March 2011
– Finalize internal SMS guidance in April 2011
• SMS requirements will be added to applicable Advisory Circulars as they are updated over time
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Jeopardy Category: Safety EdiblesJeopardy Category: Safety Edibles
Answer: A model describing how controls can prevent hazards from becoming in a loss (or accident)
“What is Swiss Cheese”
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Jeopardy Category: Planning & DevelopmentJeopardy Category: Planning & Development
Answer: The only component of SMS required for FAA to approve airport planning and development projects
“What is Safety Risk Management”
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Jeopardy Category: Airport RegulationsJeopardy Category: Airport Regulations
Answer: The regulation that requires airports to develop a Safety
Management System Manual
“What is (14 CFR) Part 139”
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FAA Airports (ARP) SMSFAA Airports (ARP) SMS
Let Use Hear From You!Let Use Hear From You!