Fatty liver in China - puuma.orgpuuma.org/sites/default/files/uploaded-files/Liver-NAFLD in China...

43
Fatty liver in China Fatty liver in China -- -- a common and weighty problem a common and weighty problem -- -- Jian Jian - - Gao Gao Fan Fan MD, PhD. MD, PhD. Department of Gastroenterology Department of Gastroenterology Xinhua Hospital Xinhua Hospital Jiaotong Jiaotong University School of Medicine University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092, China Shanghai 200092, China http:// http:// www.c www.c hzfg.com hzfg.com

Transcript of Fatty liver in China - puuma.orgpuuma.org/sites/default/files/uploaded-files/Liver-NAFLD in China...

Fatty liver in ChinaFatty liver in China ----a common and weighty problema common and weighty problem----

JianJian--GaoGao FanFan MD PhDMD PhD

Department of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital Xinhua Hospital

JiaotongJiaotong University School of Medicine University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 ChinaShanghai 200092 China

httphttpwwwcwwwchzfgcomhzfgcom

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Fatty liver in given specific Chinese populationFatty liver in given specific Chinese population

Labor workers in Labor workers in DaqingDaqing LiaoninLiaonin (n=4100)(n=4100) 5 5

Labor workers in Beijing Labor workers in Beijing (n=1050)(n=1050) 11 11

Employees in Employees in ShaoxingShaoxing Zhejiang Zhejiang (n=11372)(n=11372) 10 10

White collars in Beijing White collars in Beijing (n=818)(n=818) 18 18

White collars in Shanghai White collars in Shanghai (n=4009)(n=4009) 13 13

Among 6553 employees in Lianyungang Jiangsu Among 6553 employees in Lianyungang Jiangsu retired cadre 10 policemen 9 clerk 6 retired cadre 10 policemen 9 clerk 6 workmen 4workmen 4

Fan JG Fan JG ShijieShijie HuarenHuaren XiaohuaXiaohua ZazhiZazhi 200196200196--1010

Epidemiological studies in FLDEpidemiological studies in FLD

Case definitionCase definition

Liver biopsyLiver biopsy

CT scanCT scan

UltrasoundUltrasound

ALTASTGGTALTASTGGT

Sampling frameSampling frame

PopulationPopulation

CommunityCommunity

Clinical basedClinical based

Hospital basedHospital based

----ConsecutiveNonConsecutiveNon--consecutiveconsecutive

Ultrasound of fatty liverUltrasound of fatty liver

Fatty liver in general population in ChinaFatty liver in general population in China

CityYearCityYear PrevalencePrevalence EtiologyEtiology Others Others Shanghai2005Shanghai2005 173173 NAFL 15 NAFL 15

AFL 08AFL 08Other 12Other 12

Drinking 13Drinking 13

Guangzhou2007Guangzhou2007 145145 NAFL 117NAFL 117AFL 05AFL 05Other 18Other 18

Children 13Children 13

XiXirsquorsquoan2008an2008 136136 NAFL 147NAFL 147AFL 87AFL 87

Drinking 66Drinking 66

Chengdu2009Chengdu2009 125125 NAFL 63 NAFL 63 AFL 26AFL 26Other 36Other 36

Beijing2013Beijing2013 351351 NAFL 313NAFL 313AFL 41AFL 41

Fan J Hepatol 2005 43508-14 Zhou WJG 2007136419-24 Yan Hepatol Int 2008 2S86-S87 Li HBPD Int 20098377-82Yan JGH 2013 281654-9

Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults

Total 17Total 17

Male 19 Male 19

Female 15Female 15

NAFLD 15NAFLD 15

AFL 08AFL 08

Mixed FL 12Mixed FL 12

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508ndash514

5 7

NAFLD 88

AFLMixed FL

Increased prevalence of fatty liver in ChinaIncreased prevalence of fatty liver in China

CityCity PeriodPeriod SubjectsSubjects Trend Trend BeijingBeijing 19981998--20032003 Administrative Administrative

officersofficers23 to 2623 to 26

ShanghaiShanghai 19951995--20022002 Factory Factory workersworkers

4 to 144 to 14

WuhanWuhan 19951995--20042004 Office workersOffice workers 125 to 125 to 245245

Fan JG JGH 200722663-8 Wang Z Postgrad Med J 200783192-5 unpublished

Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory

workers between 1995 and 2002workers between 1995 and 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995- 1997- 1999- 2001-

Fatty liver

Habitualdrinking

FLAbnormalALT

Obesity

Daibetes

Hypertension

Hyper-TG

Hyper-TC

Fan JG et al J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200722663-68

Incidence of NAFLD in ShanghaiIncidence of NAFLD in Shanghai

5226 non5226 non--drinking workers without USdrinking workers without US--fatty liver at fatty liver at baseline baseline

After 2After 2--year followyear follow--up 310 pts up 310 pts (62) were found to (62) were found to have NAFLD have NAFLD

Incidence of NAFLD Incidence of NAFLD (3 new cases100 people year)(3 new cases100 people year) is equal to is equal to that in that in DionysosDionysos studystudy

The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle gain during followgain during follow--up were independent predictors of up were independent predictors of incident of NAFLD incident of NAFLD

Fan et al Hepatol International 2010

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

0

10

20

30

40

16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 up

Age

AllMaleFemale

Prevalence of NAFLD increases with age (plt00001) peak 60-69 yrPrevalence of NALFD increases with age in male (p=000011) and female (plt00001)Peak prevalence male 40-49 female 60-69 yr

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005

Age- amp sex- related prevalence of fatty liver in Shanghai

Risk factor for fatty liverRisk factor for fatty liver disease disease among Shanghai administrative officersamong Shanghai administrative officers

Risk factorsRisk factors

CCentral obesityentral obesity

ObesityObesity

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia

DiabetesDiabetes

HypertensionHypertension

Heavy alcohol drinkingHeavy alcohol drinking

Eat or sleep too muchEat or sleep too much

High fat dietHigh fat diet

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity

Protective factorsProtective factors

ExerciseExercise

Mild alcohol drinkingMild alcohol drinking

Work in moderate stressWork in moderate stress

Fan JG et al Chin J Prev Med 1997 JGH 2013

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Fatty liver in given specific Chinese populationFatty liver in given specific Chinese population

Labor workers in Labor workers in DaqingDaqing LiaoninLiaonin (n=4100)(n=4100) 5 5

Labor workers in Beijing Labor workers in Beijing (n=1050)(n=1050) 11 11

Employees in Employees in ShaoxingShaoxing Zhejiang Zhejiang (n=11372)(n=11372) 10 10

White collars in Beijing White collars in Beijing (n=818)(n=818) 18 18

White collars in Shanghai White collars in Shanghai (n=4009)(n=4009) 13 13

Among 6553 employees in Lianyungang Jiangsu Among 6553 employees in Lianyungang Jiangsu retired cadre 10 policemen 9 clerk 6 retired cadre 10 policemen 9 clerk 6 workmen 4workmen 4

Fan JG Fan JG ShijieShijie HuarenHuaren XiaohuaXiaohua ZazhiZazhi 200196200196--1010

Epidemiological studies in FLDEpidemiological studies in FLD

Case definitionCase definition

Liver biopsyLiver biopsy

CT scanCT scan

UltrasoundUltrasound

ALTASTGGTALTASTGGT

Sampling frameSampling frame

PopulationPopulation

CommunityCommunity

Clinical basedClinical based

Hospital basedHospital based

----ConsecutiveNonConsecutiveNon--consecutiveconsecutive

Ultrasound of fatty liverUltrasound of fatty liver

Fatty liver in general population in ChinaFatty liver in general population in China

CityYearCityYear PrevalencePrevalence EtiologyEtiology Others Others Shanghai2005Shanghai2005 173173 NAFL 15 NAFL 15

AFL 08AFL 08Other 12Other 12

Drinking 13Drinking 13

Guangzhou2007Guangzhou2007 145145 NAFL 117NAFL 117AFL 05AFL 05Other 18Other 18

Children 13Children 13

XiXirsquorsquoan2008an2008 136136 NAFL 147NAFL 147AFL 87AFL 87

Drinking 66Drinking 66

Chengdu2009Chengdu2009 125125 NAFL 63 NAFL 63 AFL 26AFL 26Other 36Other 36

Beijing2013Beijing2013 351351 NAFL 313NAFL 313AFL 41AFL 41

Fan J Hepatol 2005 43508-14 Zhou WJG 2007136419-24 Yan Hepatol Int 2008 2S86-S87 Li HBPD Int 20098377-82Yan JGH 2013 281654-9

Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults

Total 17Total 17

Male 19 Male 19

Female 15Female 15

NAFLD 15NAFLD 15

AFL 08AFL 08

Mixed FL 12Mixed FL 12

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508ndash514

5 7

NAFLD 88

AFLMixed FL

Increased prevalence of fatty liver in ChinaIncreased prevalence of fatty liver in China

CityCity PeriodPeriod SubjectsSubjects Trend Trend BeijingBeijing 19981998--20032003 Administrative Administrative

officersofficers23 to 2623 to 26

ShanghaiShanghai 19951995--20022002 Factory Factory workersworkers

4 to 144 to 14

WuhanWuhan 19951995--20042004 Office workersOffice workers 125 to 125 to 245245

Fan JG JGH 200722663-8 Wang Z Postgrad Med J 200783192-5 unpublished

Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory

workers between 1995 and 2002workers between 1995 and 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995- 1997- 1999- 2001-

Fatty liver

Habitualdrinking

FLAbnormalALT

Obesity

Daibetes

Hypertension

Hyper-TG

Hyper-TC

Fan JG et al J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200722663-68

Incidence of NAFLD in ShanghaiIncidence of NAFLD in Shanghai

5226 non5226 non--drinking workers without USdrinking workers without US--fatty liver at fatty liver at baseline baseline

After 2After 2--year followyear follow--up 310 pts up 310 pts (62) were found to (62) were found to have NAFLD have NAFLD

Incidence of NAFLD Incidence of NAFLD (3 new cases100 people year)(3 new cases100 people year) is equal to is equal to that in that in DionysosDionysos studystudy

The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle gain during followgain during follow--up were independent predictors of up were independent predictors of incident of NAFLD incident of NAFLD

Fan et al Hepatol International 2010

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

0

10

20

30

40

16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 up

Age

AllMaleFemale

Prevalence of NAFLD increases with age (plt00001) peak 60-69 yrPrevalence of NALFD increases with age in male (p=000011) and female (plt00001)Peak prevalence male 40-49 female 60-69 yr

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005

Age- amp sex- related prevalence of fatty liver in Shanghai

Risk factor for fatty liverRisk factor for fatty liver disease disease among Shanghai administrative officersamong Shanghai administrative officers

Risk factorsRisk factors

CCentral obesityentral obesity

ObesityObesity

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia

DiabetesDiabetes

HypertensionHypertension

Heavy alcohol drinkingHeavy alcohol drinking

Eat or sleep too muchEat or sleep too much

High fat dietHigh fat diet

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity

Protective factorsProtective factors

ExerciseExercise

Mild alcohol drinkingMild alcohol drinking

Work in moderate stressWork in moderate stress

Fan JG et al Chin J Prev Med 1997 JGH 2013

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Fatty liver in given specific Chinese populationFatty liver in given specific Chinese population

Labor workers in Labor workers in DaqingDaqing LiaoninLiaonin (n=4100)(n=4100) 5 5

Labor workers in Beijing Labor workers in Beijing (n=1050)(n=1050) 11 11

Employees in Employees in ShaoxingShaoxing Zhejiang Zhejiang (n=11372)(n=11372) 10 10

White collars in Beijing White collars in Beijing (n=818)(n=818) 18 18

White collars in Shanghai White collars in Shanghai (n=4009)(n=4009) 13 13

Among 6553 employees in Lianyungang Jiangsu Among 6553 employees in Lianyungang Jiangsu retired cadre 10 policemen 9 clerk 6 retired cadre 10 policemen 9 clerk 6 workmen 4workmen 4

Fan JG Fan JG ShijieShijie HuarenHuaren XiaohuaXiaohua ZazhiZazhi 200196200196--1010

Epidemiological studies in FLDEpidemiological studies in FLD

Case definitionCase definition

Liver biopsyLiver biopsy

CT scanCT scan

UltrasoundUltrasound

ALTASTGGTALTASTGGT

Sampling frameSampling frame

PopulationPopulation

CommunityCommunity

Clinical basedClinical based

Hospital basedHospital based

----ConsecutiveNonConsecutiveNon--consecutiveconsecutive

Ultrasound of fatty liverUltrasound of fatty liver

Fatty liver in general population in ChinaFatty liver in general population in China

CityYearCityYear PrevalencePrevalence EtiologyEtiology Others Others Shanghai2005Shanghai2005 173173 NAFL 15 NAFL 15

AFL 08AFL 08Other 12Other 12

Drinking 13Drinking 13

Guangzhou2007Guangzhou2007 145145 NAFL 117NAFL 117AFL 05AFL 05Other 18Other 18

Children 13Children 13

XiXirsquorsquoan2008an2008 136136 NAFL 147NAFL 147AFL 87AFL 87

Drinking 66Drinking 66

Chengdu2009Chengdu2009 125125 NAFL 63 NAFL 63 AFL 26AFL 26Other 36Other 36

Beijing2013Beijing2013 351351 NAFL 313NAFL 313AFL 41AFL 41

Fan J Hepatol 2005 43508-14 Zhou WJG 2007136419-24 Yan Hepatol Int 2008 2S86-S87 Li HBPD Int 20098377-82Yan JGH 2013 281654-9

Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults

Total 17Total 17

Male 19 Male 19

Female 15Female 15

NAFLD 15NAFLD 15

AFL 08AFL 08

Mixed FL 12Mixed FL 12

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508ndash514

5 7

NAFLD 88

AFLMixed FL

Increased prevalence of fatty liver in ChinaIncreased prevalence of fatty liver in China

CityCity PeriodPeriod SubjectsSubjects Trend Trend BeijingBeijing 19981998--20032003 Administrative Administrative

officersofficers23 to 2623 to 26

ShanghaiShanghai 19951995--20022002 Factory Factory workersworkers

4 to 144 to 14

WuhanWuhan 19951995--20042004 Office workersOffice workers 125 to 125 to 245245

Fan JG JGH 200722663-8 Wang Z Postgrad Med J 200783192-5 unpublished

Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory

workers between 1995 and 2002workers between 1995 and 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995- 1997- 1999- 2001-

Fatty liver

Habitualdrinking

FLAbnormalALT

Obesity

Daibetes

Hypertension

Hyper-TG

Hyper-TC

Fan JG et al J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200722663-68

Incidence of NAFLD in ShanghaiIncidence of NAFLD in Shanghai

5226 non5226 non--drinking workers without USdrinking workers without US--fatty liver at fatty liver at baseline baseline

After 2After 2--year followyear follow--up 310 pts up 310 pts (62) were found to (62) were found to have NAFLD have NAFLD

Incidence of NAFLD Incidence of NAFLD (3 new cases100 people year)(3 new cases100 people year) is equal to is equal to that in that in DionysosDionysos studystudy

The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle gain during followgain during follow--up were independent predictors of up were independent predictors of incident of NAFLD incident of NAFLD

Fan et al Hepatol International 2010

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

0

10

20

30

40

16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 up

Age

AllMaleFemale

Prevalence of NAFLD increases with age (plt00001) peak 60-69 yrPrevalence of NALFD increases with age in male (p=000011) and female (plt00001)Peak prevalence male 40-49 female 60-69 yr

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005

Age- amp sex- related prevalence of fatty liver in Shanghai

Risk factor for fatty liverRisk factor for fatty liver disease disease among Shanghai administrative officersamong Shanghai administrative officers

Risk factorsRisk factors

CCentral obesityentral obesity

ObesityObesity

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia

DiabetesDiabetes

HypertensionHypertension

Heavy alcohol drinkingHeavy alcohol drinking

Eat or sleep too muchEat or sleep too much

High fat dietHigh fat diet

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity

Protective factorsProtective factors

ExerciseExercise

Mild alcohol drinkingMild alcohol drinking

Work in moderate stressWork in moderate stress

Fan JG et al Chin J Prev Med 1997 JGH 2013

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Epidemiological studies in FLDEpidemiological studies in FLD

Case definitionCase definition

Liver biopsyLiver biopsy

CT scanCT scan

UltrasoundUltrasound

ALTASTGGTALTASTGGT

Sampling frameSampling frame

PopulationPopulation

CommunityCommunity

Clinical basedClinical based

Hospital basedHospital based

----ConsecutiveNonConsecutiveNon--consecutiveconsecutive

Ultrasound of fatty liverUltrasound of fatty liver

Fatty liver in general population in ChinaFatty liver in general population in China

CityYearCityYear PrevalencePrevalence EtiologyEtiology Others Others Shanghai2005Shanghai2005 173173 NAFL 15 NAFL 15

AFL 08AFL 08Other 12Other 12

Drinking 13Drinking 13

Guangzhou2007Guangzhou2007 145145 NAFL 117NAFL 117AFL 05AFL 05Other 18Other 18

Children 13Children 13

XiXirsquorsquoan2008an2008 136136 NAFL 147NAFL 147AFL 87AFL 87

Drinking 66Drinking 66

Chengdu2009Chengdu2009 125125 NAFL 63 NAFL 63 AFL 26AFL 26Other 36Other 36

Beijing2013Beijing2013 351351 NAFL 313NAFL 313AFL 41AFL 41

Fan J Hepatol 2005 43508-14 Zhou WJG 2007136419-24 Yan Hepatol Int 2008 2S86-S87 Li HBPD Int 20098377-82Yan JGH 2013 281654-9

Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults

Total 17Total 17

Male 19 Male 19

Female 15Female 15

NAFLD 15NAFLD 15

AFL 08AFL 08

Mixed FL 12Mixed FL 12

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508ndash514

5 7

NAFLD 88

AFLMixed FL

Increased prevalence of fatty liver in ChinaIncreased prevalence of fatty liver in China

CityCity PeriodPeriod SubjectsSubjects Trend Trend BeijingBeijing 19981998--20032003 Administrative Administrative

officersofficers23 to 2623 to 26

ShanghaiShanghai 19951995--20022002 Factory Factory workersworkers

4 to 144 to 14

WuhanWuhan 19951995--20042004 Office workersOffice workers 125 to 125 to 245245

Fan JG JGH 200722663-8 Wang Z Postgrad Med J 200783192-5 unpublished

Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory

workers between 1995 and 2002workers between 1995 and 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995- 1997- 1999- 2001-

Fatty liver

Habitualdrinking

FLAbnormalALT

Obesity

Daibetes

Hypertension

Hyper-TG

Hyper-TC

Fan JG et al J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200722663-68

Incidence of NAFLD in ShanghaiIncidence of NAFLD in Shanghai

5226 non5226 non--drinking workers without USdrinking workers without US--fatty liver at fatty liver at baseline baseline

After 2After 2--year followyear follow--up 310 pts up 310 pts (62) were found to (62) were found to have NAFLD have NAFLD

Incidence of NAFLD Incidence of NAFLD (3 new cases100 people year)(3 new cases100 people year) is equal to is equal to that in that in DionysosDionysos studystudy

The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle gain during followgain during follow--up were independent predictors of up were independent predictors of incident of NAFLD incident of NAFLD

Fan et al Hepatol International 2010

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

0

10

20

30

40

16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 up

Age

AllMaleFemale

Prevalence of NAFLD increases with age (plt00001) peak 60-69 yrPrevalence of NALFD increases with age in male (p=000011) and female (plt00001)Peak prevalence male 40-49 female 60-69 yr

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005

Age- amp sex- related prevalence of fatty liver in Shanghai

Risk factor for fatty liverRisk factor for fatty liver disease disease among Shanghai administrative officersamong Shanghai administrative officers

Risk factorsRisk factors

CCentral obesityentral obesity

ObesityObesity

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia

DiabetesDiabetes

HypertensionHypertension

Heavy alcohol drinkingHeavy alcohol drinking

Eat or sleep too muchEat or sleep too much

High fat dietHigh fat diet

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity

Protective factorsProtective factors

ExerciseExercise

Mild alcohol drinkingMild alcohol drinking

Work in moderate stressWork in moderate stress

Fan JG et al Chin J Prev Med 1997 JGH 2013

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Ultrasound of fatty liverUltrasound of fatty liver

Fatty liver in general population in ChinaFatty liver in general population in China

CityYearCityYear PrevalencePrevalence EtiologyEtiology Others Others Shanghai2005Shanghai2005 173173 NAFL 15 NAFL 15

AFL 08AFL 08Other 12Other 12

Drinking 13Drinking 13

Guangzhou2007Guangzhou2007 145145 NAFL 117NAFL 117AFL 05AFL 05Other 18Other 18

Children 13Children 13

XiXirsquorsquoan2008an2008 136136 NAFL 147NAFL 147AFL 87AFL 87

Drinking 66Drinking 66

Chengdu2009Chengdu2009 125125 NAFL 63 NAFL 63 AFL 26AFL 26Other 36Other 36

Beijing2013Beijing2013 351351 NAFL 313NAFL 313AFL 41AFL 41

Fan J Hepatol 2005 43508-14 Zhou WJG 2007136419-24 Yan Hepatol Int 2008 2S86-S87 Li HBPD Int 20098377-82Yan JGH 2013 281654-9

Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults

Total 17Total 17

Male 19 Male 19

Female 15Female 15

NAFLD 15NAFLD 15

AFL 08AFL 08

Mixed FL 12Mixed FL 12

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508ndash514

5 7

NAFLD 88

AFLMixed FL

Increased prevalence of fatty liver in ChinaIncreased prevalence of fatty liver in China

CityCity PeriodPeriod SubjectsSubjects Trend Trend BeijingBeijing 19981998--20032003 Administrative Administrative

officersofficers23 to 2623 to 26

ShanghaiShanghai 19951995--20022002 Factory Factory workersworkers

4 to 144 to 14

WuhanWuhan 19951995--20042004 Office workersOffice workers 125 to 125 to 245245

Fan JG JGH 200722663-8 Wang Z Postgrad Med J 200783192-5 unpublished

Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory

workers between 1995 and 2002workers between 1995 and 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995- 1997- 1999- 2001-

Fatty liver

Habitualdrinking

FLAbnormalALT

Obesity

Daibetes

Hypertension

Hyper-TG

Hyper-TC

Fan JG et al J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200722663-68

Incidence of NAFLD in ShanghaiIncidence of NAFLD in Shanghai

5226 non5226 non--drinking workers without USdrinking workers without US--fatty liver at fatty liver at baseline baseline

After 2After 2--year followyear follow--up 310 pts up 310 pts (62) were found to (62) were found to have NAFLD have NAFLD

Incidence of NAFLD Incidence of NAFLD (3 new cases100 people year)(3 new cases100 people year) is equal to is equal to that in that in DionysosDionysos studystudy

The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle gain during followgain during follow--up were independent predictors of up were independent predictors of incident of NAFLD incident of NAFLD

Fan et al Hepatol International 2010

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

0

10

20

30

40

16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 up

Age

AllMaleFemale

Prevalence of NAFLD increases with age (plt00001) peak 60-69 yrPrevalence of NALFD increases with age in male (p=000011) and female (plt00001)Peak prevalence male 40-49 female 60-69 yr

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005

Age- amp sex- related prevalence of fatty liver in Shanghai

Risk factor for fatty liverRisk factor for fatty liver disease disease among Shanghai administrative officersamong Shanghai administrative officers

Risk factorsRisk factors

CCentral obesityentral obesity

ObesityObesity

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia

DiabetesDiabetes

HypertensionHypertension

Heavy alcohol drinkingHeavy alcohol drinking

Eat or sleep too muchEat or sleep too much

High fat dietHigh fat diet

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity

Protective factorsProtective factors

ExerciseExercise

Mild alcohol drinkingMild alcohol drinking

Work in moderate stressWork in moderate stress

Fan JG et al Chin J Prev Med 1997 JGH 2013

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Fatty liver in general population in ChinaFatty liver in general population in China

CityYearCityYear PrevalencePrevalence EtiologyEtiology Others Others Shanghai2005Shanghai2005 173173 NAFL 15 NAFL 15

AFL 08AFL 08Other 12Other 12

Drinking 13Drinking 13

Guangzhou2007Guangzhou2007 145145 NAFL 117NAFL 117AFL 05AFL 05Other 18Other 18

Children 13Children 13

XiXirsquorsquoan2008an2008 136136 NAFL 147NAFL 147AFL 87AFL 87

Drinking 66Drinking 66

Chengdu2009Chengdu2009 125125 NAFL 63 NAFL 63 AFL 26AFL 26Other 36Other 36

Beijing2013Beijing2013 351351 NAFL 313NAFL 313AFL 41AFL 41

Fan J Hepatol 2005 43508-14 Zhou WJG 2007136419-24 Yan Hepatol Int 2008 2S86-S87 Li HBPD Int 20098377-82Yan JGH 2013 281654-9

Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults

Total 17Total 17

Male 19 Male 19

Female 15Female 15

NAFLD 15NAFLD 15

AFL 08AFL 08

Mixed FL 12Mixed FL 12

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508ndash514

5 7

NAFLD 88

AFLMixed FL

Increased prevalence of fatty liver in ChinaIncreased prevalence of fatty liver in China

CityCity PeriodPeriod SubjectsSubjects Trend Trend BeijingBeijing 19981998--20032003 Administrative Administrative

officersofficers23 to 2623 to 26

ShanghaiShanghai 19951995--20022002 Factory Factory workersworkers

4 to 144 to 14

WuhanWuhan 19951995--20042004 Office workersOffice workers 125 to 125 to 245245

Fan JG JGH 200722663-8 Wang Z Postgrad Med J 200783192-5 unpublished

Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory

workers between 1995 and 2002workers between 1995 and 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995- 1997- 1999- 2001-

Fatty liver

Habitualdrinking

FLAbnormalALT

Obesity

Daibetes

Hypertension

Hyper-TG

Hyper-TC

Fan JG et al J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200722663-68

Incidence of NAFLD in ShanghaiIncidence of NAFLD in Shanghai

5226 non5226 non--drinking workers without USdrinking workers without US--fatty liver at fatty liver at baseline baseline

After 2After 2--year followyear follow--up 310 pts up 310 pts (62) were found to (62) were found to have NAFLD have NAFLD

Incidence of NAFLD Incidence of NAFLD (3 new cases100 people year)(3 new cases100 people year) is equal to is equal to that in that in DionysosDionysos studystudy

The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle gain during followgain during follow--up were independent predictors of up were independent predictors of incident of NAFLD incident of NAFLD

Fan et al Hepatol International 2010

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

0

10

20

30

40

16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 up

Age

AllMaleFemale

Prevalence of NAFLD increases with age (plt00001) peak 60-69 yrPrevalence of NALFD increases with age in male (p=000011) and female (plt00001)Peak prevalence male 40-49 female 60-69 yr

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005

Age- amp sex- related prevalence of fatty liver in Shanghai

Risk factor for fatty liverRisk factor for fatty liver disease disease among Shanghai administrative officersamong Shanghai administrative officers

Risk factorsRisk factors

CCentral obesityentral obesity

ObesityObesity

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia

DiabetesDiabetes

HypertensionHypertension

Heavy alcohol drinkingHeavy alcohol drinking

Eat or sleep too muchEat or sleep too much

High fat dietHigh fat diet

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity

Protective factorsProtective factors

ExerciseExercise

Mild alcohol drinkingMild alcohol drinking

Work in moderate stressWork in moderate stress

Fan JG et al Chin J Prev Med 1997 JGH 2013

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults

Total 17Total 17

Male 19 Male 19

Female 15Female 15

NAFLD 15NAFLD 15

AFL 08AFL 08

Mixed FL 12Mixed FL 12

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508ndash514

5 7

NAFLD 88

AFLMixed FL

Increased prevalence of fatty liver in ChinaIncreased prevalence of fatty liver in China

CityCity PeriodPeriod SubjectsSubjects Trend Trend BeijingBeijing 19981998--20032003 Administrative Administrative

officersofficers23 to 2623 to 26

ShanghaiShanghai 19951995--20022002 Factory Factory workersworkers

4 to 144 to 14

WuhanWuhan 19951995--20042004 Office workersOffice workers 125 to 125 to 245245

Fan JG JGH 200722663-8 Wang Z Postgrad Med J 200783192-5 unpublished

Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory

workers between 1995 and 2002workers between 1995 and 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995- 1997- 1999- 2001-

Fatty liver

Habitualdrinking

FLAbnormalALT

Obesity

Daibetes

Hypertension

Hyper-TG

Hyper-TC

Fan JG et al J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200722663-68

Incidence of NAFLD in ShanghaiIncidence of NAFLD in Shanghai

5226 non5226 non--drinking workers without USdrinking workers without US--fatty liver at fatty liver at baseline baseline

After 2After 2--year followyear follow--up 310 pts up 310 pts (62) were found to (62) were found to have NAFLD have NAFLD

Incidence of NAFLD Incidence of NAFLD (3 new cases100 people year)(3 new cases100 people year) is equal to is equal to that in that in DionysosDionysos studystudy

The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle gain during followgain during follow--up were independent predictors of up were independent predictors of incident of NAFLD incident of NAFLD

Fan et al Hepatol International 2010

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

0

10

20

30

40

16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 up

Age

AllMaleFemale

Prevalence of NAFLD increases with age (plt00001) peak 60-69 yrPrevalence of NALFD increases with age in male (p=000011) and female (plt00001)Peak prevalence male 40-49 female 60-69 yr

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005

Age- amp sex- related prevalence of fatty liver in Shanghai

Risk factor for fatty liverRisk factor for fatty liver disease disease among Shanghai administrative officersamong Shanghai administrative officers

Risk factorsRisk factors

CCentral obesityentral obesity

ObesityObesity

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia

DiabetesDiabetes

HypertensionHypertension

Heavy alcohol drinkingHeavy alcohol drinking

Eat or sleep too muchEat or sleep too much

High fat dietHigh fat diet

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity

Protective factorsProtective factors

ExerciseExercise

Mild alcohol drinkingMild alcohol drinking

Work in moderate stressWork in moderate stress

Fan JG et al Chin J Prev Med 1997 JGH 2013

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Increased prevalence of fatty liver in ChinaIncreased prevalence of fatty liver in China

CityCity PeriodPeriod SubjectsSubjects Trend Trend BeijingBeijing 19981998--20032003 Administrative Administrative

officersofficers23 to 2623 to 26

ShanghaiShanghai 19951995--20022002 Factory Factory workersworkers

4 to 144 to 14

WuhanWuhan 19951995--20042004 Office workersOffice workers 125 to 125 to 245245

Fan JG JGH 200722663-8 Wang Z Postgrad Med J 200783192-5 unpublished

Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory

workers between 1995 and 2002workers between 1995 and 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995- 1997- 1999- 2001-

Fatty liver

Habitualdrinking

FLAbnormalALT

Obesity

Daibetes

Hypertension

Hyper-TG

Hyper-TC

Fan JG et al J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200722663-68

Incidence of NAFLD in ShanghaiIncidence of NAFLD in Shanghai

5226 non5226 non--drinking workers without USdrinking workers without US--fatty liver at fatty liver at baseline baseline

After 2After 2--year followyear follow--up 310 pts up 310 pts (62) were found to (62) were found to have NAFLD have NAFLD

Incidence of NAFLD Incidence of NAFLD (3 new cases100 people year)(3 new cases100 people year) is equal to is equal to that in that in DionysosDionysos studystudy

The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle gain during followgain during follow--up were independent predictors of up were independent predictors of incident of NAFLD incident of NAFLD

Fan et al Hepatol International 2010

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

0

10

20

30

40

16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 up

Age

AllMaleFemale

Prevalence of NAFLD increases with age (plt00001) peak 60-69 yrPrevalence of NALFD increases with age in male (p=000011) and female (plt00001)Peak prevalence male 40-49 female 60-69 yr

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005

Age- amp sex- related prevalence of fatty liver in Shanghai

Risk factor for fatty liverRisk factor for fatty liver disease disease among Shanghai administrative officersamong Shanghai administrative officers

Risk factorsRisk factors

CCentral obesityentral obesity

ObesityObesity

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia

DiabetesDiabetes

HypertensionHypertension

Heavy alcohol drinkingHeavy alcohol drinking

Eat or sleep too muchEat or sleep too much

High fat dietHigh fat diet

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity

Protective factorsProtective factors

ExerciseExercise

Mild alcohol drinkingMild alcohol drinking

Work in moderate stressWork in moderate stress

Fan JG et al Chin J Prev Med 1997 JGH 2013

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory

workers between 1995 and 2002workers between 1995 and 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995- 1997- 1999- 2001-

Fatty liver

Habitualdrinking

FLAbnormalALT

Obesity

Daibetes

Hypertension

Hyper-TG

Hyper-TC

Fan JG et al J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200722663-68

Incidence of NAFLD in ShanghaiIncidence of NAFLD in Shanghai

5226 non5226 non--drinking workers without USdrinking workers without US--fatty liver at fatty liver at baseline baseline

After 2After 2--year followyear follow--up 310 pts up 310 pts (62) were found to (62) were found to have NAFLD have NAFLD

Incidence of NAFLD Incidence of NAFLD (3 new cases100 people year)(3 new cases100 people year) is equal to is equal to that in that in DionysosDionysos studystudy

The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle gain during followgain during follow--up were independent predictors of up were independent predictors of incident of NAFLD incident of NAFLD

Fan et al Hepatol International 2010

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

0

10

20

30

40

16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 up

Age

AllMaleFemale

Prevalence of NAFLD increases with age (plt00001) peak 60-69 yrPrevalence of NALFD increases with age in male (p=000011) and female (plt00001)Peak prevalence male 40-49 female 60-69 yr

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005

Age- amp sex- related prevalence of fatty liver in Shanghai

Risk factor for fatty liverRisk factor for fatty liver disease disease among Shanghai administrative officersamong Shanghai administrative officers

Risk factorsRisk factors

CCentral obesityentral obesity

ObesityObesity

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia

DiabetesDiabetes

HypertensionHypertension

Heavy alcohol drinkingHeavy alcohol drinking

Eat or sleep too muchEat or sleep too much

High fat dietHigh fat diet

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity

Protective factorsProtective factors

ExerciseExercise

Mild alcohol drinkingMild alcohol drinking

Work in moderate stressWork in moderate stress

Fan JG et al Chin J Prev Med 1997 JGH 2013

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Incidence of NAFLD in ShanghaiIncidence of NAFLD in Shanghai

5226 non5226 non--drinking workers without USdrinking workers without US--fatty liver at fatty liver at baseline baseline

After 2After 2--year followyear follow--up 310 pts up 310 pts (62) were found to (62) were found to have NAFLD have NAFLD

Incidence of NAFLD Incidence of NAFLD (3 new cases100 people year)(3 new cases100 people year) is equal to is equal to that in that in DionysosDionysos studystudy

The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle The baseline BMI serum triglyceride and their subtle gain during followgain during follow--up were independent predictors of up were independent predictors of incident of NAFLD incident of NAFLD

Fan et al Hepatol International 2010

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

0

10

20

30

40

16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 up

Age

AllMaleFemale

Prevalence of NAFLD increases with age (plt00001) peak 60-69 yrPrevalence of NALFD increases with age in male (p=000011) and female (plt00001)Peak prevalence male 40-49 female 60-69 yr

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005

Age- amp sex- related prevalence of fatty liver in Shanghai

Risk factor for fatty liverRisk factor for fatty liver disease disease among Shanghai administrative officersamong Shanghai administrative officers

Risk factorsRisk factors

CCentral obesityentral obesity

ObesityObesity

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia

DiabetesDiabetes

HypertensionHypertension

Heavy alcohol drinkingHeavy alcohol drinking

Eat or sleep too muchEat or sleep too much

High fat dietHigh fat diet

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity

Protective factorsProtective factors

ExerciseExercise

Mild alcohol drinkingMild alcohol drinking

Work in moderate stressWork in moderate stress

Fan JG et al Chin J Prev Med 1997 JGH 2013

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

0

10

20

30

40

16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 up

Age

AllMaleFemale

Prevalence of NAFLD increases with age (plt00001) peak 60-69 yrPrevalence of NALFD increases with age in male (p=000011) and female (plt00001)Peak prevalence male 40-49 female 60-69 yr

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005

Age- amp sex- related prevalence of fatty liver in Shanghai

Risk factor for fatty liverRisk factor for fatty liver disease disease among Shanghai administrative officersamong Shanghai administrative officers

Risk factorsRisk factors

CCentral obesityentral obesity

ObesityObesity

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia

DiabetesDiabetes

HypertensionHypertension

Heavy alcohol drinkingHeavy alcohol drinking

Eat or sleep too muchEat or sleep too much

High fat dietHigh fat diet

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity

Protective factorsProtective factors

ExerciseExercise

Mild alcohol drinkingMild alcohol drinking

Work in moderate stressWork in moderate stress

Fan JG et al Chin J Prev Med 1997 JGH 2013

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

0

10

20

30

40

16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 up

Age

AllMaleFemale

Prevalence of NAFLD increases with age (plt00001) peak 60-69 yrPrevalence of NALFD increases with age in male (p=000011) and female (plt00001)Peak prevalence male 40-49 female 60-69 yr

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005

Age- amp sex- related prevalence of fatty liver in Shanghai

Risk factor for fatty liverRisk factor for fatty liver disease disease among Shanghai administrative officersamong Shanghai administrative officers

Risk factorsRisk factors

CCentral obesityentral obesity

ObesityObesity

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia

DiabetesDiabetes

HypertensionHypertension

Heavy alcohol drinkingHeavy alcohol drinking

Eat or sleep too muchEat or sleep too much

High fat dietHigh fat diet

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity

Protective factorsProtective factors

ExerciseExercise

Mild alcohol drinkingMild alcohol drinking

Work in moderate stressWork in moderate stress

Fan JG et al Chin J Prev Med 1997 JGH 2013

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Risk factor for fatty liverRisk factor for fatty liver disease disease among Shanghai administrative officersamong Shanghai administrative officers

Risk factorsRisk factors

CCentral obesityentral obesity

ObesityObesity

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia

DiabetesDiabetes

HypertensionHypertension

Heavy alcohol drinkingHeavy alcohol drinking

Eat or sleep too muchEat or sleep too much

High fat dietHigh fat diet

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity

Protective factorsProtective factors

ExerciseExercise

Mild alcohol drinkingMild alcohol drinking

Work in moderate stressWork in moderate stress

Fan JG et al Chin J Prev Med 1997 JGH 2013

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Criteria for obesity and Criteria for obesity and MetSMetS ethnic differencesethnic differences

Only 2Only 2--3 of Asians 3 of Asians classified as obesity by classified as obesity by Western criteria Western criteria

Compared to Caucasians Compared to Caucasians with same BMI Asian with same BMI Asian people has more visceral people has more visceral fat and less lean body fat and less lean body massmass

Regional criteria of Regional criteria of obesitycentral obesity obesitycentral obesity and and MetSMetS are used in most are used in most Asian studiesAsian studies

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

IDF Central obesity by waist circumferenceIDF Central obesity by waist circumference

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

EuropridsEuroprids 94 cm94 cm 80 cm80 cm

US likelyUS likely 102 cm102 cm 88 cm88 cm

Lancet 2005 3661059

Ethnic groupEthnic group MaleMale FemaleFemale

South Asians South Asians ChineseChinese

90 cm90 cm 80 cm80 cm

JapaneseJapanese 85 cm85 cm 90 cm90 cm

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

MetSMetS Features in Groups with amp without FLFeatures in Groups with amp without FL

OverweightOverweightObesityObesity

522522 (7897)(7897) 809809 (3218)(3218) 562887562887 lt 00001lt 00001

AbdAbd obesityobesity 474474 (7171)(7171) 662662 (2633)(2633) 468867468867 lt 00001lt 00001

Impaired FGImpaired FG 8181 (1225)(1225) 190190 (756)(756) 1478314783 lt 0001lt 0001

Impaired GTImpaired GT 2525 (378)(378) 2525 (099)(099) 2623326233 lt 00001lt 00001

D MD M 215215 (3253)(3253) 297297 (1181)(1181) 165960165960 lt 00001lt 00001

DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia 467467 (5719)(5719) 999999 (3974)(3974) 4875148751 lt 00001lt 00001

HypertensionHypertension 464464 (7020)(7020) 10711071 (4260)(4260) 159547159547 lt 00001lt 00001

Features Fatty liver n=661 ()

No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Less than high Less than high school school educationeducation

306306 (4629)(4629) 825825 (3282)(3282) 4144141441 lt0001lt0001

PovertyPoverty--toto--income income ratiolt1ratiolt1

4949 (741)(741) 245245 (975)(975) 33883388 0065700657

Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity 471471 (7126)(7126) 14721472 (5855)(5855) 3555835558 lt00001lt00001

Current cigarette Current cigarette smokingsmoking

8787 (1316)(1316) 276276 (1098)(1098) 24632463 0116501165

Current habitual Current habitual drinkingdrinking

6161 (923)(923) 181181 (720)(720) 30583058 0080300803

Other Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverOther Features in Groups with amp without Fatty LiverFeatures With fatty liver

n=661 ()No fatty liver n=2514 ()

T-value p-value

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 43508-14

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Fan JG WJG2008 142418-24

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Group (n) Fatty liver()

Odds Ratio (95 CI)

Control Obesity Drinking

Control (1049)

35 (3)

Excessive drinking (25)

3 (8)

4(11-12)

Obesity (1252)

484 (39)

12(8-17)

3(11-10)

Obesity+ drinking (35)

20 (57)

17(9-32)

5(14-17)

15(09-26)

FL more closely related to obesity than alcoholism

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 200543508-514

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLDchanges with incidence of NAFLD

Among 5194 subjects Among 5194 subjects without NAFLD at without NAFLD at baseline 327 (63) baseline 327 (63) developed NAFLD over developed NAFLD over 2 years 2 years

Incident of NAFLD Incident of NAFLD during followduring follow--up was up was related to BMI and related to BMI and serum TG elevations serum TG elevations

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Incidence of FL

Changes of BMIwith FL

Changes of BMIwithout FL

Fan JG et al Chin J Hepatol 2010

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Relationship of BMI at baseline and its Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLDchanges with remission rate of NAFLD

440 subjects with NAFLD 440 subjects with NAFLD at baseline 60 (136) at baseline 60 (136) showed regression at the showed regression at the end of 2end of 2--year followyear follow--upup

Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression analysis showed that NAFLD showed that NAFLD regression associated with regression associated with BMI serum TG level at BMI serum TG level at baseline baseline

and the decreased rate of and the decreased rate of BMI and serum TG level BMI and serum TG level during followduring follow--up up -10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

lt 23 23-25 25-30 gt 30

Remission rate ofFL

Changes of BMIwith FL remission

Changes of BMIpersistent withFL

Zhou C and Fan JG Chin J Intern Med 2012

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Hepatitis B and fatty liver Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidentalCausal or coincidental

CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver CHB is the most common etiologic agents of liver disease in Chinadisease in China

Unlike CHC hepatic Unlike CHC hepatic steatosissteatosis is not commonly is not commonly observed among pts with CHB observed among pts with CHB

Prevalence of Prevalence of histopathologicalhistopathological steatosissteatosis in pts with in pts with CHB is around 28 CHB is around 28 (12(12--76) and increased with the epidemic of 76) and increased with the epidemic of

obesityobesity

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis in CHB associated with metabolic in CHB associated with metabolic factors not viral onesfactors not viral ones

MetSMetS and and steatosissteatosis seem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHBseem to increase risk of cirrhosis and HCC in pts with CHB

Fan JG et al JGH 200823679-81

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBPrevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHBAuthorsAuthors Country Country nn SteatosisSteatosis PredictorsPredictors

CzajaCzaja et al 1998et al 1998AltiparmakAltiparmak 20052005Gordon 2005Gordon 2005ThomopoulosThomopoulos 20062006BondiniBondini et al 2007et al 2007CindorukCindoruk et al 2007et al 2007TsochatrizTsochatriz et 2007et 2007Chu et al 2007Chu et al 2007Wang et al 2008Wang et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009MinakariMinakari 20092009PersicoPersico M 2009M 2009

USAUSATurkeyTurkeyAustraliaAustraliaGreeceGreeceUSAUSATurkeyTurkeyGreeceGreeceTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwanChina China (Shanghai)(Shanghai)

China China (Beijing)(Beijing)

KoreaKoreaIranIranItalyItaly

18181641641717

2332336464

14014021321350505858

191519151531538686

132132126126

22223939767618181919343459595656333314142727515142421212

Not reported BMIgt28 diabetesNot reported BMIgt28 diabetesOlder age BMI Older age BMI dyslipidemiadyslipidemiaWaist circumference FBG Waist circumference FBG cc--peptidpeptidFBG BMIFBG BMIAge obesity Age obesity hypertensiondyslipidemiahypertensiondyslipidemiaBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI cholesterol triglycerideBMI diabetesBMI diabetesBMI HOMABMI HOMA--IR triglycerideIR triglycerideBMIBMIBMI BMI TGTG AApo B uric acid FBGpo B uric acid FBGAge BMI insulin HOMAAge BMI insulin HOMA--IR IR Tocal Tocal cholesterol triglyceridecholesterol triglycerideBMI triglyceride FBG GGTBMI triglyceride FBG GGTgt30 BMI agegt30 BMI age

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severityHBV replication and disease severity

AuthorsAuthors Association with Association with HBeAgHBeAg or or HBV DNAHBV DNA

Worsens fibrosis Worsens fibrosis severityseverity

ElloumiElloumi et al 2008et al 2008Shi et al 2008Shi et al 2008PengPeng et al 2008et al 2008YunYun et al 2009et al 2009Kumar et al 2009Kumar et al 2009MinakariMinakari et al 2009et al 2009PersicoPersico et al 2009et al 2009

NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Not mentionedNot mentioned

No No NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo

Park et al 2009Park et al 2009 insulin resistance not associated with histological insulin resistance not associated with histological severityseverity

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Fatty liver amp HBV infection in ChineseFatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese

Inverse association between HBsAg+ve and ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver both in Shanghai and Taipei

Fan JG et al World J Gastroenterol 2003 Cheng YL et al Plos One 2013

Inverse association between HBV infection and Inverse association between HBV infection and MRSMRS--diagnosed fatty liver diagnosed fatty liver in Hong Kong adultsin Hong Kong adults Wong VWS et al J Hepatol 2012

Inverse association between HBV infection and metabolic syndrome Luo et al Clin Chim Acta 2007 Jan et al Int J Obes 2006 Wong et al J Hepatol 2012

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

SSteatosisteatosis prevalent in CHB and prevalent in CHB and negative negative associated with associated with virologicalvirological factorsfactors

Prevalence of steatosis in patients with CHB infection

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

time

prevalence

steatosis 1-4 steatosis ≧ 5

3212 pts (2574 men) with3212 pts (2574 men) with biopsybiopsy--proven CHBproven CHB at at ShundeShunde Hospital between Hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed 2002 and 2011 were analyzed

SSteatosisteatosis was present in 554 (17was present in 554 (1733) pts with annual prevalence increased ) pts with annual prevalence increased over timeover time

Compared to pts without Compared to pts without steatosissteatosis percentage of percentage of serum serum HBeAgHBeAg--positive positive and detectable HBV DNA and and detectable HBV DNA and intrahepaticintrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg-- and and HBcAgHBcAg--positive positive staining were decreased in staining were decreased in steatosissteatosis ptspts

IntrahepaticIntrahepatic HBsAgHBsAg--positive stainingpositive staining isis an independent factor associated an independent factor associated with lower risk of with lower risk of steatosissteatosis iin multivariate n multivariate analysisanalysis

Wang GS and Fan JG J Dig Dis under review

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Is Is steatosissteatosis good or bad to CHBgood or bad to CHB

Hepatic Hepatic steatosissteatosis contribute to contribute to seroclearanceseroclearance of of HBsAgHBsAg in chronic HBV infection in chronic HBV infection Chu CM et al Chu CM et al IntInt J J ObesObes ((LondLond)) 200731871200731871--5Dig 5Dig DisDis SciSci 20132013

MetSMetS increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients increase risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with CHB infection with CHB infection Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009Shi and Fan Chin J Diabetes 2009

MetSMetS increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with increase risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B Wong et al Wong et al GutGut 200958111200958111--77

T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B T2DM increase risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B Yu et al J Yu et al J ClinClin OncolOncol 2008 2655762008 265576--8282

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Ye DW et alAASLD2009

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Epidemiology of FLD in ChinaEpidemiology of FLD in China

Prevalence of FLDPrevalence of FLD

Risk factors of FLDRisk factors of FLD

NAFLD and CHBNAFLD and CHB

Clinical settings of NAFLDClinical settings of NAFLD

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Etiologies of CLD in Chinese outEtiologies of CLD in Chinese out--patientspatients

Etiologies of 6106 pts with CLDin Hong Kong

894

51

17

15

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

CHB

CHC

ALD

NAFLD

PBC

Fung KT et al Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200719659-64

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in ShanghaiEtiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai

01020

30405060

7080

obes

ity

hype

rten

sion

Dysl

ipid

emia

Diab

etes CV

Dsy

mpto

m ALT

NAFLD n=207

FL control n=58

781

72

64

83

Non-alcoholic

Alcoholic

Virus hepatitis

Miscellous

Fan JG et al Shanghai Med J 19982168-70

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

0102030405060708090100

ge1 ge2 ge3 ge4 5

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt=25

0

20

40

60

80

100

Prevalence()

A B C D E

Prevelance of Meatbolic Alterations in Patients withFatty liver according to BMI

BMIlt23

BMI23-249

BMIgt25

A Central obesity B IFGC Low HDL-C D Hypertriglyceridemia E Hypertension

Fan JG et al JGH 2005 201825-32

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部

西部

北部

Prevalence of fatty liverand the metabolic syndrome()

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- ≧70

Fatty liver

Metabolicsyndrome

Fan JG et al J Hepatol 2005 JGH 2005

Compared with obesity and central obesity

Fatty liver had the highest clustering rate specificity positive predictive value and attributable risk percentage in detecting risk factor clustering

Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6during 6--year followyear follow--upup

01020304050607080

Obes

ity

Hype

rten

sion

High

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes Me

tS

NAFLD n=358

Controlsn=788

Fan JG et al JGH 2007221086-91

01020304050607080

hype

rten

sion

high

TG

high

TC

Diab

etes

FL withObesity n=274

FL withoutObesity n=84

Obesity alonen=174

Nor FL orobesity n=614

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

0

20

40

60

80

100

steatosis(123) ballonningdegeneration (yn)

NAS(1-33-45) fibrosis(0-4)

0 1 2 3 4

Male 738 Age 37plusmn10 yrs BMI 26plusmn3 kgm2 NASH 414Advanced fibrosis 158 associated with MetS and severe inflammation

Histological changes in 152 Chinese pts with NAFLD

Xun YH Fan JG et al J Dig Dis 2012

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

OverweightCentral obesityOverweightCentral obesity

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

Cirrhosis amp HCC

Liver-related mortality

Liver fibrosis50

15~30

30~40

Patrick L Altern Med Rev 2002 7276-291Fan JG JGH 200722794-800 JDD 2008963-70

50

10-40

What are the settings for NAFLDWhat are the settings for NAFLD

MetS

T2DM

Cancer amp CVD

rarrlarrdarr

darr

darr

larr

uarr

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal abnormal LFTsLFTs from from Prof TN WANGProf TN WANG

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

FLD is not just a FLD is not just a lsquolsquoWesternWesternrsquorsquo problemproblem

Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade Prevalence of fatty liver increased rapidly past decade with obesity and with obesity and MetSMetS pandemic in Chinapandemic in China

Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with Fatty liver is more often associated with obesity than with alcoholismalcoholism

Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend Chronic HBV infection do not account for increased trend of fatty liverof fatty liver

Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver Cardiovascular and diabetic risk may compete with liver diseasedisease--related risk in dictating the final outcomerelated risk in dictating the final outcome

NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem NAFLD is emerging into a new and major health problem in Chinesein Chinese

Fan JG J Hepatol 2009 JGH 2013

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

  • Fatty liver in China--a common and weighty problem--
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Fatty liver in given specific Chinese population
  • Epidemiological studies in FLD
  • Ultrasound of fatty liver
  • 幻灯片编号 6
  • 幻灯片编号 7
  • Fatty liver in general population in China
  • Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Shanghai Adults
  • Increased prevalence of fatty liver in China
  • Increased prevalence of FL in Shanghai factory workers between 1995 and 2002
  • Incidence of NAFLD in Shanghai
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • 幻灯片编号 14
  • Risk factor for fatty liver disease among Shanghai administrative officers
  • Criteria for obesity and MetS ethnic differences
  • IDF Central obesity by waist circumference
  • MetS Features in Groups with amp without FL
  • 幻灯片编号 19
  • 幻灯片编号 20
  • 幻灯片编号 21
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with incidence of NAFLD
  • Relationship of BMI at baseline and its changes with remission rate of NAFLD
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Hepatitis B and fatty liver Causal or coincidental
  • Prevalence and predictors of steatosis in CHB
  • Steatosis in CHB lack of associations with HBV replication and disease severity
  • Fatty liver amp HBV infection in Chinese
  • Steatosis prevalent in CHB and negative associated with virological factors
  • Is steatosis good or bad to CHB
  • 幻灯片编号 31
  • Epidemiology of FLD in China
  • Etiologies of CLD in Chinese out-patients
  • Etiology of fatty liver in liver clinic in Shanghai
  • 幻灯片编号 35
  • Fatty liver and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults
  • Incidence of metabolic disorders in NAFLD during 6-year follow-up
  • 幻灯片编号 38
  • OverweightCentral obesity
  • Liver biopsy from 11 year old male with abnormal LFTs from Prof TN WANG
  • FLD is not just a lsquoWesternrsquo problem
  • 幻灯片编号 43