Fall Semester Review - PC\|MAC
Transcript of Fall Semester Review - PC\|MAC
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Fall Semester Review
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• Are these forensic science department standard or optional: – Biology
– Document Examination
– Toxicology
– Photography
– Polygraph
– Firearms
– Evidence Collection
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• This case set the standard for evidence admissibility until it was replaced in 1993.
• FRYE v. UNITED STATES
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• What was the case about?
• The admissibility of the polygraph
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• What is the name of the Standard that replaced Frye?
• Rule 702
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• Rule 702 stems from what court case?
• Daubert v. Merrill Dow Pharmecuticals
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• The examination of skeletal remains to determine the identity of the deceased?
• Forensic Anthroppology
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• The examination of insects and insect-related matter to aide in criminal investigations. Primarily to determine time of death
• Forensic Entomology
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• The examination of blood, semen, and other bodily fluids in relation to a criminal case
• Forensic Serology
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• The examination of dental records, teeth, and bitemarks in relation to criminal cases
• Forensic Odontology
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• Who wrote the Sherlock Holmes novels?
• Arthur Conan Doyle
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• Who is the father of toxicology?
• Orfila
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• Who came up with Transfer theory (exchange principle)
• Locard
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Who developed a system of identification based on body measurement?
Bertillon
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• Who developed the antibody test for blood types?
• Lattes
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• What type of crime uses the crime lab the most?
• Drug arrests
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• This effect states that we are better at correctly identifying someone if they are of the same race
• Cross Race Effect
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• Which of these increase the likelihood of a correct ID?
– Being very old
– Being very attractive
– Being very unattractive
– Having a tattoo
– Being of the same race
– Being in a familiar place
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• Evaluates post conviction cases to prove wrongful convictions
• Project Innocence
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• When two objects touch there will be a cross transfer of material. “Every contact leaves a trace”
• Locard’s Principle of Exchange (AKA Transfer Theory)
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• Famous blood spatter analyst who assisted in the Sam Shepard case?
• Paul Kirk
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• Famous anthropologist who developed a research facility dedicated to human decomposition
• William Bass
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• The scientific study of fingerprint identification?
• Dactyloscopy
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• Minimum number of points of identification to use a fingerprint as evidence in the US
• No minimum
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• Search pattern that works best indoors?
• Zone
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• Search pattern that works best in large open areas?
• Grid or Line
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• Search pattern that doesn’t follow a geometric pattern
• Link
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• Evidence collected from a known source to use as a comparison with a crime scene sample
• Reference sample
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• A ____________ does not have to be drawn to scale but it must contain all measurements and directions.
• Rough sketch
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• True or False
– Only CSIs can locate, mark, and package evidence
• FALSE!! Many departments don’t have CSIs
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• Indirect Evidence that can imply but not prove a fact
• Circumstantial
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• How do you package bloodstained materials?
• Air dry and then package in a breathable container
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• What are the three primary methods of recording the scene?
• Photography, notes, sketch
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• Witness testimony and videos are ___________ evidence
• Direct
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• First step in processing a crime scene?
• Secure the scene
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• Draw the crime triangle
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• Which amendment protects against warrantless search?
• Fourth
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• What are the exceptions to needing a warrant?
• Emergency, Consent, or Legal arrest
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• Which is more useful, class or individual evidence?
• Individual
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• Give some examples of class evidence?
• Blood type, shoe prints, ink analysis, hair analysis
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• List of people who have entered the crime scene
• Contamination log
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• List of all people who have come into possession of an item of evidence
• Chain of custody
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• Additional crime scenes where other evidence is found
• Secondary crime scene
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• Used to give each piece of evidence a number
• Marker
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• Reference samples obtained from the crime scene at locations near physical evidence. Used to ensure that the surface does not interfere with lab testing
• Substrate control
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• Classes of whorls
• Four
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• Number of deltas in an arch
• 0
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• Ridges that form a circular pattern
• Whorl
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• Generally have 2 deltas
• Whorl
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• The least common type of print
• Arch
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• Has one delta
• Loop
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• Ridges enter, curve, and leave from the same side
• Loop
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• The most common type of print
• Loop
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Right Index
• Ulnar loop
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• Accidental
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• Plain whorl
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• Plain arch
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• Double loop whorl
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• Central pocket whorl
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• Accidental
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• What are the basic duties of a forensic scientist?
• Perform scientific tests
• Provide expert testimony
• Collect and package evidence
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• Primary complaint about crime shows like CSI
• They show science as fool-proof; never any mistakes
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• The first suspect in a case is ruled out by DNA testing _________ percent of the time?
• 25%
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• Who developed forensic DNA testing
• Alec Jefferies
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• Where is DNA located in the cell
• Nucleus and mitochondria
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• What makes up the DNA backbone?
• Sugars and phosphates
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• What is the purpose of a restriction enzyme?
• To cut DNA at specific sequences
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• What enzyme copies DNA in your body?
• DNA polymerase
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• What is the purpose of loading dye?
• To weigh the DNA down and make it visible?
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• What locates the specific region of DNA you want to copy?
• Primer
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• What type of bond is found between adenine and cytosine in a DNA molecule?
• None
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• Whose DNA is placed into CODIS?
• Depends on where you are at?
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• What STR is used in CODIS to determine sex?
• Amelogenin
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How many bands do males have for amelogenin?
2
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• What does amelogenin code for?
• Tooth pulp
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• Why is Y STR testing useful?
• Eliminates the female victims DNA
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• What is used to make DNA glow when exposed to UV light?
• Ethidium bromide
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• A repeated sequence of DNA of any length
• Tandem repeat
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• Formula for calculating the number of repeats for D1S80?