FAASTeam Pers Mins 10-10-2015

Establishing YOUR Personal Minimums

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Steve Kiester, CFIFAASTeam RepresentativeOctober 10, 2015

Attendance Roster / WINGS Credit Reminder

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Please sign the roster

– If on the pre-printed rosterInitial your attendance

– If not, please fill in the 2nd roster Print clearly Include phone number in case we need to

contact you

This is to help make sure you get proper credit

Group Question

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Have you ever conducted a flight that you realized was probably not a good idea?

Have you ever felt indecisive about beginning a flight?

…..No clear “Go / No Go”

Several Types of Minimums

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• Airspace / Weather Minimums (Part 91)

• Instrument Procedures

• Company Flight Operation Procedures• Air Carrier (Part 121)• Charter (Part 135) • Corporate Flight Departments• Other Organizations

Structured Procedures Promote Safety


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• What are Personal Minimums?

• Why utilize Personal Minimums?

– Human Factors equivalent of Fuel Reserves

– Provides a safety buffer between:

• Skills required for a specific flight

• Skills available to you through your training, experience, currency and proficiency

• Supports sound Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

• Provides risk mitigation “Up Front” before and during flight

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

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• Aeronautical decision-making (ADM) is decision-making in a unique environment—aviation.

• It is a systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.

• It is what a pilot intends to do based on the latest information he or she has.

From FAA “Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge”

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)*** Example of ADM Tools ***

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FAA “Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge”

Pilot Factors

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What things contribute to a pilots ability to complete a safe flight ?

Environment Factors

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What environmental factors should be considered to complete a safe flight ?

A/C Performance Factors

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What are considerations regarding aircraft performance for a safe flight ?

Nall Report

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Nall Report – Key Accident Drivers

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Fixed-Wing Non Commercial(Part 91 Opns)

Pilot Related (not mechanical)

2012

Personal Minimums Key Considerations

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Human Factors equivalent of Fuel Reserves

Provides a safety buffer between:• Skills required for a specific flight• Skills available to you through your training,

experience, currency and proficiency

Should be based on conditions that are conducted:ComfortablyRecentlyRegularly Experience

Key Steps to Establish Personal Minimums

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1) Review weather minimums

2) Access weather experience and personal comfort level

3) Consider winds and performance

4) Assemble baseline values

5) Adjust for specific conditions

6) Stick to the Plan!

Step 1 - Review Weather Minimums

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From “Getting the Maximum from Personal Minimums”by Susan Parson “FAA Aviation News” May-June 2006

Step 2 - Access Weather Experience and Personal Comfort Level

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Step 2(a) “What are the facts about my current skill and proficiency level?”

Step 2 (b) “What weather conditions am I comfortable with?”

Be Honest with yourself!

Step 2 – Example of Weather Comfort Level

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Step 3 - Consider Winds and Performance

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Step 3(a) “What level of wind & turbulence am I comfortable with?”

Step 3 (b) “What aircraft performance conditions am I comfortable with?”

Be Honest with yourself!

Step 3 – Example of Turbulence & Performance Factors Comfort Level

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Step 4 - Assemble Baseline Values

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Populate the parameters for which you are comfortable

….this is Your Baseline

Step 4 “Assemble Baseline Values” Example 21

Baseline Personal Minimums Established

Step 5 - Adjust for Specific Conditions

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• Adjust your Baseline for This Flights Specific Conditions• Establishes “Safety Margin” for Less than standard conditions• Can be reviewed / adjusted as your proficiency and comfort level

increase

PAVE

Step 6 - Stick to the Plan!

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Professional pilots live by the numbers, and so should you.

Pre-established hard numbers can make it a lot easier to make asmart “no go” or “divert” decision than a vague sense that you can “probably” deal with the conditions that you are facing at anygiven time.

In addition, a written set of personal minimums can also make it easier to explain tough decisions to passengers who are, after all, trusting their lives to your aeronautical skill and judgment.

From “Getting the Maximum from Personal Minimums”by Susan Parson “FAA Aviation News” May-June 2006

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*** Reference Information ****

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Personal Minimums Worksheet on FAASafety.gov

Go To: http://www.faasafety.gov and search on “Personal Minimums”

http://www.faasafety.gov/

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“Select & Download Document”

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*** Open Discussion / Wrap-Up ****

Steve Kiester: [email protected]

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ADM Reference Info

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PERCEIVE hazardsPROCESS to evaluate levelof riskPERFORM risk management

• To perceive , try to make a mental list of the hazards that can hurt you or others.

• To process, consider how likely it is that a given hazard will hurt you, and how bad the injury or damage would be.

• In order to perform risk management, ask yourself what you can do to reduce or eliminate each hazard or risk you have identified, and then implement the measures you have selected.

3P Model to Risk Management

PPP

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•The pilot must ask, “Am I ready for this trip?” in terms of experience, currency, physical, and emotional condition. IMSAFE: Illness, Medicine, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue/Food, Emotion

P = Pilot in command

•What about the aircraft? What limitations will the aircraft impose upon the trip?

A = Aircraft•Weather, Terrain, Airport, Airspace, NighttimeV = Environment

•External pressures are influences external to the flight that create a sense of pressure to complete a flight.

E = External Pressures

Perceive = Identifying Hazards

The one risk factor that can cause you to ignore all the other factors.

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Perceive = Identifying Hazards

Distractions Before & During Flight

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Process = Assessing Risk

Evaluate Where You Are in the Matrix

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Perform = Risk Management

TransferShould this risk decision be transferred to someone else (e.g., should you consult an A&P mechanic?)

Eliminate Is there a way to eliminate the hazard?

Accept Do the benefits of accepting risk outweigh the dangers?

Mitigate What can you do to mitigate the risk?

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P = Pilot in command

A = Aircraft

V = Environment

E = External Pressures

Use Before and During Your Flight

Risk Management Checklist

Transfer

Eliminate

Accept

Mitigate

FAASTeam Pers Mins 10-10-2015

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