Presented to: By: Jay M Flowers Date: Federal Aviation Administration Federal Aviation...

Presented to:

By: Jay M Flowers

Date:

Federal AviationAdministration


<Presentation Title – Change on Master Slide><Date of Presentation – Change on Master Slide>

FAASTeamFAASTeam NORTH DAKOTA

FAASTeamFAASTeam NORTH DAKOTA

Flight Review:CFI Responsibilities& Pilot expectations

2Federal AviationAdministration

CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations04/21/23





Topics for Discussion:

• Legal Interpretations• The impact you have on aviation• Flight Review – 61.56• What is expected of the Instructor• What to consider before giving a review• Instructor responsibilities• Practical tests and areas of weakness




Regulation Interpretation:

• Certificate Holder is responsible for understanding and operating within all applicable aviation regulations.

• If you are not sure of a regulations intent…ask.




A review of the Local and National Accident and Incident data tells us what the aviation population needs to be working on to increase safety and reduce the overall reportable rate.




North Dakota 2007 - 2011 Accident Causal Factors

18

15

8

6

3 31

0

24

6

8

1012

14

16

18

A B C D E F G

ANALYSIS STATEMENT: Chart information derived from NTSB data.A.(18) Landing – Loss of ControlB.(15) Pilot Error/Decision MakingC. (8) CFITD. (6) Mechanical Failure (FY 2007 an undetermined loss of power, and a failure of the emergency

landing gear system, and FY2009 an engine loss of power)E. (3) Takeoff – Loss of ControlF. (3) Maintenance Error (FY2007 (1) Aircraft serviced with improper fuel, and (1) aircraft was serviced with fuel contaminated with water; FY2009 (1) Improper installation of tail boom assembly) G. (1) Struck animal (bird)




Loss of Control was the number one Accident Type…

(4) failed to maintain directional control in wind, (1) inadequate landing flare, (1) Helicopter – Inadequate recovery from an autorotation and CFI’s delayed remedial action.

Ten of the eighteen accidents (55.5%) were due to a failure to maintain directional control. Five of eighteen accidents (27.7%) were due to inadequate flare on landing.




Pilot Error and Decision Making…

(3) due to hard landing; (1) Loss of airspeed and subsequent stall: (1) Failed to use an adequate runway: and (1) Failed to abort the takeoff after a noticeable power loss.

Three of fifteen accidents (20%) were attributed to failure to extend the landing gear. Four of fifteen (26.6%) were due to inadequate preflight.




Remaining Causal factors…

• Controlled Flight Into Terrain (8)

• Mechanical Failure (6)

• Loss of Control on Take-Off (3)

• Maintenance Error (3)

• Struck and Animal (1)




Nationally This is What we see…____TOP TEN GA ACCIDENT CAUSES




Nationally This is What we see…____

TOP TEN CONTRIBUTING FACTORS




The Top Ten contributing factors for the Top Ten fatal accident causes:

• Failure to maintain airspeed • Loss of situational awareness • Preflight planning • Intentional disregard • Flight crew experience • Distraction • Drugs/alcohol • Spatial disorientation • Failure to recover from an unusual attitude • Pilot fatigue

Which of these factors can you evaluate during a flight review?_________________




As Flight Instructors we…

Directly

influence the safety of aviation.




As Flight Instructors we are…

Given the opportunity to assess a pilot’s knowledge and ability to perform safe flight operations,

and to provide recurrent training to correct those areas in which a

deficiency is identified.




“…the flight review

is an industry managed, FAA-monitored currency

program”

AC61-98B – Currency Requirements and Guidance for the Flight Review and IPC




14 CFR 61.56 States that…

… the person giving the flight review has discretion to

determine maneuvers and procedures necessary for the

pilot to demonstrate

“safe exercise of the privileges of his/her pilot certificate.”




One day the airman is standing around and….




Flight Instructors call to action!___




Time to Prepare Starts NOW!_______

Ask questions!!

DO NOT WAIT UNTIL THE DAY OF THE REVIEW TO ASK

THE AIRMAN ABOUT…




Pre-Review Considerations:________

• Type of Equipment to be Flown– One aircraft may not cover all

aircraft.




Pre-Review Considerations:_______

• Aircraft complexities.• Aircraft use or commonly used may be

preferred• Tailwheel vs. Tricycle gear• Hot Air vs. Glider

Consider which complexity to review. You may have to review operations in more than one aircraft type.




What could possibly happen?

That guy That guy hasn’t flown hasn’t flown float planes float planes for yearsfor years..




With proper training, this could have been prevented!




• Nature of Flight Operations– Consider airspace– Everyday flying– Weekend or once a month flyer (local only)– Night Flight

Keep in mind that an airman’s certificate entitles them to operate anywhere in the US.





• Amount and Recency of Flight Experience– Review the Airman’s log book– Time since last flight– Total time since last review– Night time– Instrument Time– Short field and crosswind operations– Towered airports– Type of Aircraft flown– Mountain Flying – Density Altitude considerations





• Disabilities– Color Blind– Other Disability– Special Medical





• Instructor Qualifications– Aircraft Type(s)

• Minimum time in type as listed in 61.195(d-g)

– Airman’s Certificate equivalent• Light Sport• Category and Class

– If IPC – IFR Currency• Aircraft equipment

– databases





Plan of Action:___________________

• Plan of Action must:– Be in writing– Plan must be practiced, rehearsed, and refined– Accomplish the task plus– Include your course of action, the standard with

which you will meet qualifications, and the resolve or outcome for both completion and/or failure of the task.




As we were taught in Scouts…

“Be Prepared...” the meaning of this motto is that a scout must prepare himself by previous thinking out and practicing how to act on any accident or emergency so that he is never taken by surprise.




Preparation should include:______

• Scenario based training• Normal and abnormal procedures• Flight Planning• Complete Weather Briefing• Thorough Pre and Post Flight• Risk assessment and management• Safe training environment




Agreement on the Conduct of the Review:

– Discuss the time required

to accomplish– Assign the Airman any

reading or flight planning

necessary to the POA




Planning and Recording the Review:_




• Pilot Deviations– Airborne






• Pilot Deviations– Ground– Runway Incursions– Sterile Cockpit




Review of Maneuvers and Procedures:

• Discuss your POA and what you expect the outcome must be.

• All “Special Emphasis” items listed in the Airman’s grade PTS should be part of the review.

• Limit the amount of instruction given




Remember:Our responsibility as flight

instructors is to train and check to the highest level of

proficiency.

The PTS outlines the Minimum Standard Only!




A Note on record keeping…

• In the event that a tragic accident befalls an airman you have reviewed and endorsed…– Expect the FAA to contact you and request

information regarding the training you provided.– Expect to prove what was covered and what the

outcome was.

How do we do that!




Logbook Entries:

• The airman’s logbook may be the only evidence of what was accomplished during the review.

• Record everything! Accomplished, failed, or if the airman lacks the proficiency and skill necessary to receive a flight review endorsement.

DO NOT SIGN OFF THE REVIEW UNTIL THE AGREED UPON STANDARD HAS BEEN MET!!




Summary:

• Legal Interpretations• The impact you have on aviation• Flight Review – 61.56• What is expected of you as an Instructor• What to consider before giving a review• Instructor responsibilities• Endorsing the outcome




For more Information Contact:

Fargo, North DakotaFargo, North Dakota

Flight Standards District OfficeFlight Standards District Office




FLIGHT STANDARDS DISTRICT OFFICE

Fargo, North Dakota

4620 Amber Valley Parkway

Fargo, ND 581041




Program Managers for North Dakota:

Jay M FlowersFAASTeam Program Manager

Operations, North [email protected]

Fargo FSDO (701) 492-5809

Jeffry BoeFAASTeam Program Manager

Airworthiness, North Dakota and South Dakota

[email protected]

Fargo FSDO

(701) 492-5817




The Great Lakes Region FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam) values your input.

We would appreciate your feedback using the following link:

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/stakeholder_feedback/afs/field/




Recognizes outstanding individuals in their field roles of promoting aviation safety, education and professionalism




Winners will be recognized:

Locally Regionally Nationally.

National winners will be recognized during:

EAA AirVenture in Oshkosh

Winners will receive gifts and merchandise provided by sponsors and contributors.




Contact your local FAASTeam Program Manageror Flight Standards District Office

for further information.

Jay M. Flower FAASTeam, OPS 701-492-5809

Or Jeffry R. Boe FAASTeam, AWS

701-492-5817Or

FLIGHT STANDARDS DISTRICT OFFICEFargo, North Dakota / 4620 Amber Valley Parkway

Fargo, ND 581041

701-492-5800




This Years Sponsors:______________

• Aircraft Electronics Association• Aviation Maintenance Technician Society• Aircraft Owners and Pilot’s Association• Aeronautical Repair Station Association• Experimental Aircraft Association• Federal Aviation Administration• General Aviation Manufacturers Association• National Business Aviation Association• National Association of State Aviation Officials• Society of Aviation & Flight Educators• Professional Aviation Maintenance Association• Women in Aviation International




Applications are available at:_______

www.generalaviationawards.org

- and -

www.faasafety.go

Presented to: By: Jay M Flowers Date: Federal Aviation Administration Federal Aviation...

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