EXCITED SKIN OF THE EARTH CULTIVATING THE SOIL ECOSYSTEM FOR RESTORATION Rodney Pond PhD Student –...
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Transcript of EXCITED SKIN OF THE EARTH CULTIVATING THE SOIL ECOSYSTEM FOR RESTORATION Rodney Pond PhD Student –...
EXCITED SKIN OF THE EARTH
CULTIVATING THE SOIL ECOSYSTEM FOR RESTORATION
Rodney PondPhD Student – Restoration Ecology
College of Forest Resources – University of Washington
WHAT IS SOIL?
A GROWTH MEDIUM FOR PLANTS
A COMPLEX ECOSYSTEM
THE EXCITED SKIN OF THE EARTH!
SOIL FORMATION
CLORPT! CLIMATEORGANISMSRELIEFPARENT MATERIALTIME
SOIL HORIZONSO, A, E, B, C
O
A
B
C
SOIL AS GROWTH MEDIUM
SOIL PROVIDES PLANTS
PHYSICAL SUPPORTWATERNUTRIENTSREPRODUCTIVE
ENVIRONMENT
SOIL AS GROWTH MEDIUM
AGRICULTURE HORTICULTURE RESTORATION
WATER SUBSIDIZED HEAVILY
SUBSIDIZED HEAVILY TO
INFREQUENTLY
OFTEN SUBSIDIZED ONLY UNTIL
ESTABLISHMENT
NUTRIENTS SUPPLIMENTED TO MAXIMIZE
PRODUCTION
SUPPLIMENTED FOR HEALTH &
SURVIVAL
SUPPLIMENTED FOR HEALTH &
SURVIVAL
PHYSICAL SUPPORT
STRUCTURE MANAGED FOR
SEASONAL GROWTH
STRUCTURE MANAGED FOR
LONG TERM GROWTH
STRUCTURE MANAGED FOR
AUTOGENIC PROCESSES
REPRODUCTIVE ENVIRONMENT
HIGHLY CONTROLLED & MANAGED FOR CONSISTENT
GERMINATION
DEPENDS ON LANDSCAPE; USUALLY NOT MANAGED FOR REPRODUCTION
MANANGED TO CREATE
FAVORABLE SOIL MICROCLIMATES
A COMPLEX ECOSYSTEM
A COMPLEX ECOSYSTEMAGRICULTURE HORTICULTURE RESTORATION
SOIL BIOTA EITHER PATHOGENIC OR
MINOR COMPONENT OF TILTH
EITHER PATHOGENIC OR
MINOR COMPONENT OF
TILTH
INTEGRAL TO FUNCTION AND
SUPPORT OF WHOLE
ECOSYTEM
SOIL STRUCTURE
HOMOGENIZED FOR PREDICTABILITY,
DISTURBED OFTEN
HOMOGENIZED FOR
PREDICTABILITY, DISTURBED OFTEN
MANAGED FOR COMPLEXITY, DISTURBANCE
KEPT TO MINIMUM
PLANT-SOIL INTERACTION
PLANT PRODUCTION FOCUS, OM HARVESTED
PLANT HEALTH (AESTHETIC)
FOCUS, OM OFTEN REMOVED
MUTUALISTIC, SELF-
SUFFICIENT, DYNAMIC, OM LEFT IN PLACE
SYSTEM COMPLEXITY
SIMPLIFIED SIMPLIFIED MANAGED FOR INCREASED COMPLEXITY
SOIL DISTURBANCES Compaction
Less O2, infiltration, root penetration, biota Erosion
Loss of organic topsoil, lack of biotic activity, altered hydrology Clearcutting
Rapid changes in soil temp, initial loss of nutrients, drier Invasive species
Altered nutrient cycling, altered hydrology, sediment accumulation, altered fire regime
Fire Soil heating, death of biota, loss of nutrients, root kill, loss of
OM, decreased infiltration Pollution
Decreased biotic activity due to toxicity, slowed nutrient cycling, water repellency
SOIL MANANGEMENT FOR RESTORATION
ASSESSMENT CONSERVATION TOPOGRAPHIC
ALTERATIONS AMENDMENTS SURFACE
TREATMENTS
SOIL ASSESSMENTFIELD OBSERVATIONS ASSESS SOIL STATE (DIG SOIL PITS!)
SOIL HORIZONS MOISTURE TEXTURE ROOT ZONE SURFACE STRUCTURE PLANT COMMUNITY CRITTERS!
ASSESS DISTURBANCES EROSION MASSIVE FAILURE COMPACTION FLOODING SEDIMENTATION CONTAMINATION INVASIVE PLANTS
INSPECT SOILS UNDER DIFFERING CONDITIONS AND PLANT COMMUNITIES ON YOUR SITE
SOIL CONSERVATION
PRESERVE INTACT NATURAL SOILS
RESTRICT ACCESS EROSION CONTROL TEMPORARY COVERING STOCKPILING
THE INTACT SOILS ON YOUR SITE CONTAIN LIVE CULTURES!
TOPOGRAPHIC ALTERATIONS
FORMS OF ALTERATION RECONTOURING
ORIGINAL NOVEL
CONSTRUCTED FEATURES
HYDROLOGY
DOES THE TOPOGRAPHY OF YOUR SITE SUPPORT YOUR INTENDED PLANT COMMUNITY?
SOIL AMENDMENTSREPLACING WHAT’S MISSING
ORGANIC MATTER SOURCES C:N RATIO MOISTURE RETENTION
INOCULANTS MYCORRHIZAE NITROGEN FIXERS
INORGANIC MATTER CLAY, SAND, SILT GRAVEL, COBBLE
COVER CROPS NITROGEN FIXING OM ACCUMULATION
SURFACE TREATMENTSPROTECTION
EROSION CONTROL MOISTURE RETENTION TEMPERATURE
MODERATIONSOIL ECOLOGY
SEED GERMINATION SOIL BIOTA HABITAT NUTRIENTS ORGANIC MATTER
FORMS ORGANIC MULCHES INORGANIC MULCHES WOODY DEBRIS STONE
EFFECTS OF PREPARATION ON SOIL DEVELOPMENT
INCREASEDMOISTUREORGANIC MATTERBIOTIC ACTIVITYAVAILABLE
NITROGEN
DECREASEDBULK DENSITYWATER LOSSTEMPERATURE
FLUCTUATIONEROSION
SOILS & PLANT INSTALLATION
CORRECT PLANTING TECHNIQUE
PREPARE ADEQUATE SIZE HOLE
PRESERVE SOIL LAYERS, DON’T MIX
DON’T AMEND HOLE CHECK FOR GOOD ROOT
STRUCTURE PLACE PLANT ON MOUND ROOT CROWN EVEN WITH
SOIL SURFACE BACKFILL WITH NATIVE SOIL AMEND SURFACE KEEP MULCH & AMENDMENTS
AWAY FROM STEM
SOILS & SEEDING
INCREASINGGERMINATION & SURVIVAL
PREPARE SOIL SURFACE SOW SEED UNDER
MULCHES BROADCAST LIGHT
SEED WITH MOIST SAND OR SOIL
OVERSEED TO ANTICIPATE LOW GERMINATION
SOILS & INVASIVE CONTROL
REMOVALTECHNIQUES
TOPSOIL REMOVAL BURNING HERBICIDE CUTTING MANUAL REMOVAL SUFFOCATION
BARRIERS TO RE-ESTABLISHMENT
THICK MULCH APPLICATION
LOW NUTRIENT CONDITIONS
CONSERVATIVE WATERING
EXCITED SKIN OF THE EARTH!
“I BEQUEATH MYSELF TO THE DIRT TO GROW FROM THE GRASS I LOVE, IF YOU WANT ME AGAIN LOOK FOR ME UNDER YOUR BOOT-SOLES.
YOU WILL HARDLY KNOW WHO I AM OR WHAT I MEAN, BUT I SHALL BE GOOD HEALTH TO YOU NEVERTHELESS, AND FILTER AND FIBRE YOUR BLOOD.”~WALT WHITMAN, LEAVES OF GRASS