Cultivating Reflection
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Cultivating Reflection
University of the Western Cape
October 2013
Melanie AlpersteinM Phil (Ad Ed) P G Dip (PHC Ed) B Soc Sc (Nursing)
Education Development Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Veronica MitchellM Phil (HES) B Sc (Physio)
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Today’s pathway
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IntroductionFree writing for 3 minsVideo clipTheoretical concepts
Melanie AlpersteinVeronica Mitchell
Sharing experiencesDifferent contextsChallengesInsights
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is to encourage
the development of a habit of processing cognitive material
that can lead the student to ideas that are beyond the curriculum,
beyond learning defined by learning outcomes, and beyond those of the teacher
who is managing the learning.
Moon, J., 2001. PDP Working Paper 4 Reflection in Higher Education Learning
http://www.york.ac.uk/admin/hr/researcher-development/students/resources/pgwt/reflectivepractice.pdf
“Our objective as educators:
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Free writing
Video clip
YouTube video on reflective writing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0plCU9oyZlM
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Reflective PracticeIntroduction to reflective
journaling
Melanie Alperstein
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Theories support reflection DeweyEffective learning: student engages
actively with content in an intensely personal way
Kolb Experiential learning – reflective cycleConcrete experience; reflective
observation; abstract conceptualization; active experimentation of application
Reflective journaling helps students through stages to final stage of applying new meaning or interpretation
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3 conceptsJournals
Portfolios
Reflection reflective practice reflective writing
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Reflection
Why reflect?What exactly is reflection?“An important human activity in which people
recapture their experience, think about it, mull over it and evaluate it” (Boud et al, 1995)
Reflective journaling helps adult learners toward higher levels of critical thinking and personal insight.
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Stages in reflective practice (Atkins 1993 in Brigden and Purcell, 2004)
Awareness
Critical analysis
New perspectives
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Reflective practice skills
Self awarenessDescription
Critical analysisSynthesisEvaluation
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ABC of reflection (Welch, 1999)
Affect – explore feeling and emotions
Behaviour –actions
Cognition and content – information, concepts, theory, skills, knowledge, values
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CC:BY: Highways Agencyhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/highwaysagency/6194928490/sizes/m/in/photolist-arqCpU-9rHqvz-8RTDrv-9RRoEj-39UXyD-7mw8Ht-73JeRH-73NdZ1-73NcS1-73NcM3-73NdCC-73JfpX-73NdJN-73JfLT-73NcXA-73Jgjv-
73NdTJ-7swhSv-dbDByP-73Nd6Y-98cdmo-4yi8xY-93rfBi-tayRY-5CXyYE-5qHDK1-7Vp3XK-7Vp3Ze-64cdnP-8q98m4-91U9DX/
Reflective activityDynamic / unpredictable
Term: Reflection ?
Veronica Mitchell
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Multiple forces, interpretations & resistance
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Exploring beyond the surface
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Reflection is the process we use when working with material that is presented in an unstructured manner – not organised and purified as in a traditional curriculum.
Moon, J., 2001. PDP Working Paper 4 Reflection in Higher Education Learning
http://www.york.ac.uk/admin/hr/researcher-development/students/resources/pgwt/reflectivepractice.pdf
“
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Dr Maria Christodoulou
Adapted from a conflict resolution model Couple Communication 1: Talking Together” by Sherod Miller, Elam W. Nunnally and Daniel B. Wackman
Transitions Europe Empowerment Circle Manual 5th Revision, 2002”. (Transitions is an outreach of Woman Within International)
A model for conflict resolution developed by Woman Within lnternational. www.womanwithin.orq
6 steps for reflective practiceYear 1
@ UCT Health
Sciences
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Towards empathy and empowering practices
Steps
1. Data2. Feeling3. Meaning4. Consequences5. Needs6. Learning
Adapted through the
years
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Kolb’s Learning Cycle
http://www.ldu.leeds.ac.uk/ldu/sddu_multimedia/kolb/static_version.php
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Butler’s model
Social Self
Public Knowledge
Reflection
Professional Practice
Personal Knowledge
World View
Butler, J. (1996) Professional development: Practice as text, reflection as process, and self as locus. Australian journal of education. 40(3) 265-283
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The Paper Mirror: Understanding Reflective JournalingDelaura L. Hubbs and Charles F. Brand (2005)
Journal of Experiential Education. 28:1: pp. 60-71
Viki Janse v Rensburg
Delaura, Hubbs & Brand’s quadrants
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Gibbs, G. (1988) Learning by Doing: A guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. Oxford: Further Education Unit, Oxford Polytechnic.
Gibb’s model Nariman Laattoe
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Arnold, R., et al. (1991). Educating for a Change. Toronto: Between the Lines. Adapted with permission from the Doris Marshall Institute for Education and Action. In Equitas manual, International Human Rights Training Programme.
The Learning Spiral
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Vula UCT’s Learning Management System
http://opencontent.uct.ac.za/Health-Sciences/Probing-Professionalism-Towards-Positive-Practice
Six Step Spiral for Critical Reflexivity (SSS4CR)
Thanks to Dr Kevin Williams, Prof Athol Kent, Nariman Laattoe, Dr Simone Honikman, Sarah Crawford-Browne
Year 4@ UCT Health
Sciences
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UCT OpenContent
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Learning Management System
Limitations
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Google Drive
Collaboration Student managed Anytime, anywhere App Free Net generation …
Affordances
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Challenges and limitationsStudents
Sharing private thoughts & feelingsMotivation & commitmentActive participationHonestyEmotional disturbance
ProcessDepth of reflectionMaking connections / theoryAssessmentTrust
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Our practices ?1. Are there limitations on the questioning in which students are
allowed to engage?
2. Does the assessment system enable students to be really free to reflect and express their own views?
3. Are student told to ‘reflect’ when actually they will simply follow a recipe
4. Is learning really going to occur or are students going through the motions of reflection?
5. Is the material that students are encouraged to produce more than descriptive?
6. …is there pressure (through monitoring and assessment) … to write what they think the tutor wants to see?
7. Have there been appropriate guidelines developed for students with regard to ethical issues and confidentiality of material that they produce?
8. …Is there adequate consideration of the costs / benefits of potentially revealing information for the student, staff and others?
Moon, J., 2001. PDP Working Paper 4 Reflection in Higher Education Learning
http://www.york.ac.uk/admin/hr/researcher-development/students/resources/pgwt/reflectivepractice.pdf
“
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Thank you