BIODIVERSITY

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Index1.Introduction2.Definition3.Objective4.Methodology5.Area of biodiversity6.Importance of biodiversity7.Classification of biodiversity8.Benefits of biodiversity9.Biodiversity in India10.Threats to biodiversity11.Conservation of biodiversity12.Organizations supporting conservation13.Conclusion

Biodiversity

Bio= Life

Diversity= Variety

IntroductionBiodiversity is the degree of variation of life. This can refer to genetic variation, species variation or ecosystem variation within an area, biome, or planet. The word BIODIVERSITY originates from the Greek word BIOS = LIFE and Latin word DIVERSITAS = VARIETY. The whole word BIO DIVERSITY generally therefore means: VARIETY OF LIFE.Definition“Biological diversity‘ or biodiversity is that part of nature which includes the differences in genes among the individuals of a species, the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species at different scales in space, locally, in a region, in the country and the world, and various types of ecosystems, both terrestrial and aquatic, within a defined area.”

Objective1.To study the importance of biodiversity2.To study the factors that lead to biodiversity

loss3.To find solution for conservation of biodiversity

MethodologyIn this project I have used the Secondary data. Secondary data analysis is commonly known as second hand analysis. It is simply the analysis of pre-existing data in a different way or to answer a different question than originally intended.

Biodiversity is everywhere, both on land and in water. It includes all organisms, from microscopic bacteria to more complex plants and animals. Current inventories of species, though useful, remain incomplete and insufficiant for providing an accurate picture of the extent and distribution of all components of biodiversity. Based on present knowledge of how biodiversity changes over time rough estimates can be made of the rates at which species became extinct.

Area of biodiversity

Importance of BiodiversityEverything that lives in an ecosystem is part of the web of life, including humans. Each species of vegetation and each creature has a place on the earth and plays a vital role in the circle of life. Plant, animal, and insect species interact and depend upon one another for what each offers, such as food, shelter, oxygen, and soil enrichment. Maintaining a wide diversity of species in each ecosystem is necessary to preserve the web of life that sustains all living things.

Classification of biodiversityEcosystem diversity refers to a diversity of a place at the level of ecosystem.

Species diversity is the effective number of different species that are represented in a collection of individual.

Genetic diversity refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.

Benefits of biodiversity

Consumptive value

1. Food/Drink

2. Fuel

3. Medicine

4. Batter crop varieties

5. Industrial material

Non- Consumptive value

1. Recreation

2. Education

3. Research

4. Traditional value

Ecology services

1. Balance of nature2. Biology productivity3. Regulation of climate4. Degradation of waste5. Cleaning of air and water6. Maintenance of soil fertility7. Cycling of nutrients8. Detoxification of soil and sediments9. Stabilization of land against erosion10.Carbon sequestration and global climate change

India is known for its rich heritage of biodiversity. India is one of the 17 mega diverse countries in the world. With only 2.4% of the worlds area India accounts for 7-8 of the worlds recorded plant and animals species. India has 4 out of 34 global biodiversity hotspots, which is an indicator of high degree of endemism in India. India’s biodiversity includes wild relatives of agricultural crops and domesticated animals. India’s divese preponderance of native tribal and ethnic group has contributed significantly in the conservation and diversification of biodiversity.

Biodiversity in India

Threats to Biodiversity

1.Natural causes:2.Narrow geographical area 3.Low population 4.Low breeding rate5.Natural disasters Anthropogenic

causes:6.Habitat modification7. Overexploitation of selected

species8. Innovation by exotic species.9. Pollution10. Hunting11. Global warming and climate

change 12.Agriculture 13.Domino effect

Conservation of biodiversity In-situ

conservation  is on-site conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of tree species.

Ex situ conservation is the process of protecting an endangered species of plant or animal outside its natural habitat. Ex situ conservation means literally, "off-site conservation".

Organization Supporting Conservation

1.Established in 19612.“to conserve the natural environment and ecological processes worldwide”. 3.WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by: -conserving the world’s biological diversity -ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable -promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.

WWF: World Wildlife Fund

World Conservation Strategy - 1980

The World Conservation Strategy had a focus on conservation and in placing the main focus on this it does not place as much emphasis on political, social, cultural and economic issues. This was different to the United Nations Conference on Human Environment which was held in 1972. Another difference between the World Conservation Strategy and UNCHE is that the World Conservation Strategy developed ideas on how they could implement and develop sustainable development.

Summary Points:

1. Maintenance of essential life support systems (climate, water cycle, soils) and ecological processes.

2. Preservation of genetic and species diversity.

3. Sustainable use of species and ecosystems.

Conclusion Biodiversity is our life. If the Biodiversity got lost at this rate then in near future, the survival of human being will be threatened. So, it is our moral duty to conserve Biodiversity as well our Environment. Long-term maintenance of species and their management requires co-operative efforts across entire landscapes. Biodiversity should be dealt with at scale of habitats or ecosystems rather than at species level.

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