Multicellular life

Evolution of multicellular life

Animal tissue types

CampbellFig1.1

CampbellFig 20.2

Animal tissue types

• What is a tissue?• A cooperative unit of many very similar

cells that perform a specific function.• Examples

– Epithelial– Connective– Muscle– Nervous

Review• What are the major characteristics of the plant, animal and fungi

kingdoms?• Sketch basic plant cell and compare it to an animal cell• What are the basis tissue and organ types in plants? What is the

function of each? What special cell are found in each type?• List the major groups of plants and describe each. How does each

group reproduce?• What is alternation of generation? Draw a diagram that briefly

describes this process. Which type of generation is dominant in each major plant group?

• What are fungi? Describe the basic body plan of a fungus. What are the major groups of fungi? How do they reproduce?

• What are lichens and mychorrhizae? • List some harmful fungi and the conditions that result from them• List some beneficial fungi and their effects.

Review• Terms: decomposer, mutualism, parasite, Spore, sporangium,

mushroom, lichaen, hyphae, mycellium, athlete’s foot, ringworm,Candida albicans, dikaryotic, fruiting body, sporophyte, gametophyte, N, 2N, haploid, diploid, photoautotrophic, cellulose, epidermis,mesophyll, stomata, guard cell, meristem, leaf , root, xylem,phloem,ground tissue, vascular tissue, algae, moss, fern, gymnosperm, angiosperm, vascular plant, non-vascularplant.

Review• List the major animal phylums and describe the distinguishing

characteristics of the animals in each. Give several examples ofanimals in each phylum.

• Describe the four tissue types, nervous, muscle, epithelial, connective.• How did tissues and multicellular animals evolve?• How do animals develop? Terms: Zygote, blastula,gastrula, larva• Define choanocyte, ameobocyte, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry,

cephalization, dorsal, ventral , anterior, posterior, cnidocyte, gastrodermis,epidermis, gastrovascular cavity, polyp, medusa, hydra acoelomate, psudocoelomate, coelom, true body cavity. Planarians, flukes, tapeworms, proglottid, scolex, trichinella,redula, mantle, muscular foot, segmentation, earthworms, polychaetes, leeches, Hirudo, medicinalis, exoskeleton, cuticle, molting, head, thorax, abdomen, incomplete and complete metamorhosis, water vascular system, tube feet

• What are the basic chordate characteristics? Notochord etc• Tunicate, amphioxus, lamprey, swimbladder, operculum, coelocanth,

Review• How did the first amphibians arrive on land• Salamander, metamorphosis, frog, aquatic adaptations, terrestrial

adaptations• What are the major adaptations of amphibians, birds, reptiles and

mammals. What are the different types of animals in these groups? Anmiotic egg,plastron, carapace, snake, lizard, turtle, feathers

• How did jaws evolve? Ectothemic, endothermic, acheaoptrex, mammals, placental, oviparous, marsupial, heterodont teeth

Epithelial tissue

• Covers and lines the body and its parts• One surface free, the other bound to

basement membrane• Tissues are named by

– Shape of cells– Number of layers of cells

Epithelial tissue

• Simple= single layer• Stratified = multiple layers• Squamous = flat (tiles)• Cuboudal = like dice• Columnar = like bricks

CampbellFig 20.4

Simple SquamousSimple Cuboidal Campbell

Fig 20.4

In the kidney tubules Lines the lungs

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Lines the esophagus

CampbellFig 20.4

Ciliated columnar epithelium

CampbellFig 20.4

Lines the air ways in the respiratory system

Connective tissue• Binds other tissues an provides support

matrices• Few cells in a nonliving matrix• Three fiber types

– Collagen fibers– Elastic fibers– Reticular fibers

• Fibroblasts - cells that produce connective tissue

Loose connective tissue(Areolar) Campbell

Fig 20.5A

Holds other tissue in placeA “binding” material

Other Connective tissues

Loose

Adipose

Blood

Fibrous connective

Cartilage

CampbellFig 20.5

Bone

Tendons

Dense connective tissue thatAttaches muscle to bone

Like CampbellFig 30.7

Bone Tissue

CampbellFig 20.5D

• Osteocytes• Haversian canal• Lamelle (matrix)

Bone Development

Muscle tissue• Functions in movement• Bundles of long cells ( muscle fiber= muscle cell)

• Skeletal muscle– Attached to bones by tendons, produces voluntary

movement– Striated unbranched

• Smooth muscle– Found in walls of digestive tract, produces involuntary

movements– Unstriated, spindle shaped

• Cardiac Muscle– Striated , branched, produces heartbeat

Smoothmuscle

Skeletalmuscle

Cardiacmuscle

Muscle tissueCampbell 20.6

Nervous Tissue• Responsible for coordinating body activties• Neurons are nerve cells• Motor neurons are nerves that activate

muscles• Compsed of cell body and dendrites• Supported by glial cells

CampbellFig 28.3AModified

Nervous TissueCampbellFig 28.2

Summary

Pop quiz

• What Eukaryotic kingdom has no mitochondria and flagellar motion?

• List the 4 basic animal tissue types.