Introduction to Introduction to the Animal the Animal KingdomKingdom

Chapter 18Chapter 18

What Is an Animal?What Is an Animal?

EukaryoticEukaryotic MulticellularMulticellular HeterotrophsHeterotrophs No cell wallsNo cell walls

INVERTEBRATESINVERTEBRATES

95% of all animal 95% of all animal speciesspecies

No backbone or No backbone or vertebral columnvertebral column

Includes Includes microscopic dust microscopic dust mites to the giant mites to the giant squidsquid

VERTEBRATESVERTEBRATES

BackboneBackbone Only 5% of all Only 5% of all

animals animals Fishes Fishes Amphibians Amphibians Reptiles Reptiles BirdsBirds MammalsMammals

What Animals Do What Animals Do to Surviveto Survive

Feeding, Respiration, Feeding, Respiration, Circulation, Excretion, Circulation, Excretion,

Response, Movement & Response, Movement & ReproductionReproduction

FeedingFeeding

Feeding StylesFeeding Styles

Herbivores Herbivores eat plants eat plants Carnivores Carnivores eat other animals eat other animals Omnivores Omnivores eat plants & animals eat plants & animals Detritivores Detritivores eat decaying plants eat decaying plants

& animals& animals Filter Feeders Filter Feeders strain floating strain floating

planktonplankton

RespirationRespiration

Oxygen INOxygen IN Carbon Dioxide OUTCarbon Dioxide OUT

CirculationCirculation

Transport materials Transport materials around bodyaround body

OxygenOxygen NutrientsNutrients WastesWastes

ExcretionExcretion

Removes all Removes all metabolic metabolic wastewaste

ResponseResponse

React to React to environmentenvironment

Use specialized Use specialized cells - cells - nervesnerves

MovementMovement

Most animals are Most animals are motile by muscle motile by muscle contractionscontractions

ReproductionReproduction

Sexual and Sexual and AsexualAsexual

Increase in Increase in numbersnumbers

Sexual helps Sexual helps maintain genetic maintain genetic diversity in diversity in populationspopulations

Body SymmetryBody Symmetry

Bilateral: An imaginary plane can Bilateral: An imaginary plane can divide the body into two equal divide the body into two equal halves.halves. Example: crayfishExample: crayfish

Radial: any number of imaginary Radial: any number of imaginary planes can be drawn through the planes can be drawn through the center, dividing it into equal halvescenter, dividing it into equal halves Example: sea anemoneExample: sea anemone

Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry

Radial SymmetryRadial Symmetry

Trend in Animal EvolutionTrend in Animal Evolution

Complex animals Complex animals Higher levels of cell specializationHigher levels of cell specialization Higher levels internal body organizationHigher levels internal body organization Bilateral body symmetryBilateral body symmetry Front end (head) with sense organs Front end (head) with sense organs

((cephalizationcephalization)) Body cavity formation: fluid filled space Body cavity formation: fluid filled space

that allows for organs to grow & that allows for organs to grow & expand.expand.