Evaluating Remediation Potential of a Salinized ... · Irrigation Module Technical System Water...
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Walther, M.1, Bilke, L.1, Delfs, J.-O.2, Graf, T.3, Grundmann, J.4, Liedl, R.5, Kolditz, O.1, 6
EVALUATING REMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF A SALINIZED
HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM
USING THREE-DIMENSIONAL, DENSITY-DEPENDENT
GROUNDWATER MODELING
1 Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department Environmental Informatics, Leipzig, Germany
2 Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institute of Geosciences, Kiel, Germany
3 Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Environmental Physics in Civil Engineering, Hannover, Germany
4 Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Dresden, Germany
5 Technische Universität Dresden, Institute for Groundwater Management, Dresden, Germany
6 Technische Universität Dresden, Applied Environmental Systems Analysis, Dresden, Germany
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IWAS PROJECT International Water Research Alliance Saxony
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STUDY REGIONAL BATINAH COAST
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• Highest population density
of Oman, strong economical and
population growth
• Highly productive soils
Large amount of agriculture
• Three wadis in northern coastal
area along Gulf of Oman
STUDY REGIONAL BATINAH COAST
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• Since 1970s,
rapid decrease of GW-level
due to overpumping
quantitative constraint
• Reversion of natural
groundwater gradient,
marine saltwater intrusion
qualitative constraint
CHALLENGES FOR GROUNDWATER
MANAGEMENT
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CHALLENGES FOR GROUNDWATER
MANAGEMENT
Decreasing Groundwater Level Saltwater intrusion (2000)
~7km
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Surface and Subsur-face Water Module
AssessmentWater Resources Availability
Prognosis: Future Climate Scenarios
Groundwater Module
Water Demand
AgriculturePotential and actual
water use
Irrigation ModuleTechnical SystemWater-BackboneAquifer Pumping
Artificial Recharge
Management: • optimal and sustainable management strategies of water resources• operative optimal control of the technical system
Planning: Evaluating the effects of planning scenarios for a most beneficial policy
APPM
Robust Simulation Tool of Water Resour-ces System (ANN)
Optimisation and Management Tool
Water supply
Water Productivity of Agriculture
Decision Making: Objectives, Management Options, Constraints, etc.
Mo
nit
ori
ng
Soci
o-e
con
om
icD
evel
op
men
tSurface and Subsur-face Water Module
AssessmentWater Resources Availability
Prognosis: Future Climate Scenarios
Groundwater Module
Water Demand
AgriculturePotential and actual
water use
Irrigation ModuleTechnical SystemWater-BackboneAquifer Pumping
Artificial Recharge
Management: • optimal and sustainable management strategies of water resources• operative optimal control of the technical system
Planning: Evaluating the effects of planning scenarios for a most beneficial policy
APPM
Robust Simulation Tool of Water Resour-ces System (ANN)
Optimisation and Management Tool
Water supply
Water Productivity of Agriculture
Decision Making: Objectives, Management Options, Constraints, etc.
Mo
nit
ori
ng
Soci
o-e
con
om
icD
evel
op
men
t
IWRM FOR STUDY AREA
Grundmann, et al., 2011
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• Open-source, scientific
numerical modeling toolbox
• Coupled THM/C processes
(thermo, hydraulic,
mechanical, chemical)
Kolditz et al., 2012
www.OpenGeoSys.org
OpenGeoSysMODELLING SOFTWARE
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Kalbacher, Delfs, Watanabe, et al.
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BENCHMARKS
Unconfined GW Surface (DARCY)
Saltwater Intrusion (GOSWAMI-CLEMENT)
Transient Drawdown (THEIS)
Freshwater Lens (STOECKL)
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GOSWAMI-CLEMENT BENCHMARKEXPERIMENT
Goswami, R.R., Clement, T.P., 2007. Laboratory-scale investigation of saltwater intrusion dynamics. Water Resour. Res. 43, 1–11.
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GOSWAMI-CLEMENT BENCHMARKCONCEPTUAL MODEL
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GOSWAMI-CLEMENT BENCHMARKRESULTS STEADY STATE 1
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GOSWAMI-CLEMENT BENCHMARKRESULTS STEADY STATE 1
Experimental
Observation
Simulation
Result
Rel. Conc.
= 0.5
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• Open source scientific
visualization tool
www.paraview.org
• During model setup
(hydrogeology)
• Model run / process verification
• Result visualization, data
assimilation & processing
• Run parallel to reduce bandwidth
traffic
VISUALIZATION TOOL
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TARGET AREA MODELRegional Scale Application for Al Batinah
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MODEL DOMAIN
20x30km²,
400 m thickness
700‘000 Elements,
25 Layer
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HYDROGEOLOGY IN COASTAL PLAINS
Fluviatile,
Marine,
Aeolian
Deposits
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• Data gathering from various
sources: tables, figures,
drilling logs…
• Meetings/Conversations
with Omani hydrogeologists
• 12 major “materials”
(e.g. gravel, silt, clay…)
HYDROGEOLOGYDATA COLLECTION
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HYDROGEOLOGYINTERPOLATION USING MODIFIED INVERSE DISTANCE WEIGHTING
Blue = high permeabiliy
Grey = low permeablilty
Thickness
Total ~400m
Coast ~50m
Trough ~250m
Thin coastal aquifer
„Ma‘awil trough“
Two layered
aquifer
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Walther, et al., 2012
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HYDROGEOLOGYINTERPOLATION USING MODIFIED INVERSE DISTANCE WEIGHTING
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BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Qin
Qout
Sea level
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BOUNDARY CONDITIONSABSTRACTION THROUGH PUMPING
Dug wells Borehole wells
Estimate of total abstraction rates until 1970s Q~40 mio m3/a
(Ministry of agriculture and fisheries, Technical Report, 1992; Al-Shoukri, 2008)
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MODELING RESULTSCalibration & Prediction
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PEST CALIBRATIONSTEADY-STATE (1974)
• PEST = Parameter Estimation Tool,
widely used in groundwater
applications
• PEST Results
– Biased correl. coeff. > 0.9
– Inflow ca 68 mio m³/aExtraction ca 37 mio m³/a
– Material properties(ie hydraulic conductivity)„as expected“
• Reasonable results for transient
calibrationScatter plot steady state calibration
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DENSITY-DEPENDENT GW-FLOW SUBSURFACE FLOW PATHS IN YEAR 1985
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SALINITY MEASUREMENTS
2005
2012
1995 2000 2005 2010
1975 2005 2005
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SCENARIO SIMULATION"BEST CASE" – PUMP STOP IN 2005
1974 2005 2070
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AQUIFER RECOVERY
SALINITY VS. GW-DRAWDOWN"BEST CASE" – PUMP STOP IN 2005
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HALF-LIFE OF SALINITY„SALINIZATION RISK ASSESSMENT“
SIMULATION TIME 500 YEARS
< 0
10 m below GW Level
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… half-live of
concentration
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HALF-LIFE OF SALINITY„SALINIZATION RISK ASSESSMENT“
< 0
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• Setup and evaluation of hydrogeological
model and conceptual model setup
(VisLab@UFZ)
• Process verification and calibration of
regional scale model
• Scenario simulations show possible
future development
• Estimates on aquifers‘ remediation
potential aid future management
activities
SUMMARY
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OUTLOOK
• More data gathering
– Continued GW level observation
– Depth specific salinity measurements(time series)
– Hydrogeological exploration(validation of current setup?)
• Decrease input data uncertainty
• Increase model robustness
• Measures to decrease water
consumption & reduce marine
saltwater intrusion
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CONCLUSIONS & QUESTIONS
• Data shortage reduces prediction quality
How to deal with data situation?
• Numerical modeling still a useful tool to assess
management options
How to increase model robustness?
• One of many possible futures
How to transfer this knowledge to decision makers?
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Thank you for your attention!
Walther, M., Bilke, L., Delfs, J.-O., Graf, T., Grundmann, J., Kolditz, O., & Liedl, R. (accepted). Visualizing Saline
Intrusion in a Three-Dimensional, Heterogeneous, Coastal Aquifer. Workshop on Visualisation in Environmental
Sciences (EnvirVis). Leipzig.
Gerner, A. and Schmitz, G. H.: Portrayal of fuzzy recharge areas for water balance modelling - a case study in
northern Oman. Advances in Geosciences (accepted).
Grundmann, J., Schütze, N., Schmitz, G.-H., & Al-Shaqsi, S. (2011). Towards an integrated arid zone water
management using 10.1007/s12665-011-1253-z.
Kolditz, et al: OpenGeoSys: an open-source initiative for numerical simulation of thermo-hydro-mechanical/chemical
(THM/C) processes in porous media. Environmental Earth Sciences. 10.1007/s12665-012-1546-x.
Ministry of agriculture and fisheries. Bureau de Recherches Gologiques et Minires, Study of a New Organization of
Irrigation in Barka–Rumais Area, Data Analysis and Modelling Report, Technical Report, 1992.
Walther, M., Böttcher, N., & Liedl, R. (2011). A 3D interpolation algorithm for layered tilted geological formations
using an adapted inverse distance weighting approach. ModelCare 2011 Proceedings (2012).
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