Evaluate juvenile salmon residence in theEvaluate juvenile salmon residence in theColumbia River Plume using micro-acousticColumbia River Plume using micro-acoustic

transmitterstransmitters

John Ferguson, et al.Riverine Ecology ProgramNWFSC, Seattle, WA

Plume Habitat - Dynamic andVariable

1 25 ° W 1 24 ° W 1 23 ° W

June 24 - July 1, 2001 1m S alin ity

45° N

46° N

47° N

48° N

L aP u sh

Ast or ia

Ti llam oo k

Newp or t

2 9 .5

3 0

3 0 .5

3 1

3 1 .5

3 2

3 2 .5

3 3

Wash ingt on

O reg on

12 5° W 12 4° W 12 3° W

Jun e 17-25, 2000 1m Salinit y

45° N

46° N

47° N

48° N

L aP us h

Asto ri a

Tilla mo o k

Ne wpo r t

2 3

2 4

2 5

2 6

2 7

2 8

2 9

3 0

3 1

3 2

3 3

W ashing to n

Orego n

12 5° W 12 4° W 12 3° W

Jun e 16- 24, 1999 1m S alinit y

45° N

46° N

47° N

48° N

L aP us h

Asto ri a

Tilla mo o k

Ne wpo r t

2 0

2 1

2 2

2 3

2 4

2 5

2 6

2 7

2 8

2 9

3 0

3 1

3 2

W ashin gto n

Orego n

Juvenile Chinook Distribution in the CR PlumeJuvenile Chinook Distribution in the CR Plume

125° W 124° W 123° W

May 18-25, 1999 1m Salinity

45° N

46° N

47° N

48° N

LaPush

Astoria

T illam ook

N ew port

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

W ashington

Oregon

12 5° W 12 4° W 12 3° W

12 5° W 12 4° W 12 3° W

4 5 ° N

4 6 ° N

4 7 ° N

4 8 ° N

4 5 ° N

4 6 ° N

4 7 ° N

4 8 ° N

0 to 1

1 to 10

1 0 to 30

3 0 to 50

50 to 1 00

1 00 to 1 50

F ig u re 2 . R ela tive ab u n da n ce o f ch in oo k (O nco rh ynch us t sch awy tcha ) sa lm o n sam p led o ff co asta l m ar in e w ater s o f O reg o n an d W ash in g to n 1 7 -2 5 , M a y 1 99 9 in re l a tio n to sa l in ity v a lu es de fin in g th e C o lu m bia R iv er p lu m e.

W a sh in g to n

O reg o n

Ocean Conditions Trophic Interactions

Salmon • Abundance

• Distribution • Growth

Mesoscale SurveyPacific Northwest

Coastal EnvironmentPlume Environment

Strategy : Role Of Columbia River Plume on SalmonProductivity

Direct Measurements & Modeling

Approach: collaborative team to downsize tag technology for subyearlings (92mm)

-Columbia River estuary:-fixed and mobile detection systems-make survival estimates from Bonneville to mouth-delayed mortality; migration behavior-habitat selection

-Lake Washington - urban estuary-Columbia River Plume - residence

Application Process:

-characterize acoustic environment-model signal propagation-design detection system-set tag criteria-prototype test-full scale monitoring

micro-acoustic tag (proposed)

Turbine tags: 2001 2000

subyearling chinook smolt (92 mm)

Radio tag, NMFSsurvival study, 2002

120 kHzPIT tag

Locks

Fremont Cut

Montlake Cut

Lake

Union

Salmon Bay

Shilshole Bay

Hydrophone Equivalent Input Noise vs. FrequencyIncluding Measured Background Noise from Chittenden Locks

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

10 100 1000

Frequency in kHz

Noi

se in

dB

re:

1 u

Pa/

root

Hz

120K Theory

200K Theory

420K Theory

Reson TC4032

Sea State 0

Wenz Minimum

Ch'n 120k

Ch'n 200k

Ch'n 420k

SAIC Data

Plume study products:

-Compare residence times-ocean- and stream-type chinook-early versus late migrants within a season-large versus small fish

-Characterize fine-scale spatial use of frontal regions-Integrate with Project 199801400 to understand how climate, ocean, and river forcing interact to affect survival

Summary:

-apply micro-acoustic methodology to plume residence using fixed and mobile arrays-life history, seasonal, size differences-risks: adequate sample sizes; fixed array design; cost; detection range due to phase shift encoding

*answer critical uncertainty of temporal and spatial use of plume habitat by juvenile salmon