E-337VOL. 1

ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK ANDSAFEGUARDS FOR TRANS. PROJECTS

~~~~~ .~

UP STATE ELECTRICIT-Y BOARD

SOCIAL &, EVVIRONAMEA7-Al CELL

14 TI. FLOOR, SHAKTI BHA WAN EXTA.

L UCKNOW

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CONTENTS

Page No.

Executive Summary i - vi

Chapter 1 Introduction 1 -2

Chapter 2 Policy, legal & regulating requirements 3 - 8

Chapter 3 UPSEB's Environment Policy 9 - 12

Chapter 4 Project description 13- 19

Chapter 5 Baseline conditions 20- 21

Chapter 6 Polychlorinated Biphenyls 22- 30

Chapter 7 Analysis of Alternatives 31- 33

Chapter 8 Environment Impacts of Transmission Projects 34 - 38

Chapter 9 Environment Management Plans 39- 49

Chapter 10 Public Awareness 50

II

ATTACHMENTS

Attachment - 1: Specified project categories as listed in schedule I ofEnvironmental Impact Assessment Notification, 1 994(MOE&F)

Attachment - 2: Form for seeking forest clearance of the project underSection 2

Attachment - 3: Forest clearance flow charts. (3a,3b,3c)

Attachment - 4: UP Power System (transmission) map.

Attachment - 5: Cropping pattern.

Attachment - 6: Lan-d use pattem in U.P.

Attachment - 7: District-wi.se population breakup (RurallJrban.).

Attachment - 8: District-wise forest area of UP.

Attachment - 9: Trade names for PCBs.

Attachment -10: List of capacitors purchased before 1985.

Attachment -1 1: Sample drawing of capacitor storage vault.

Attachment -12: Format for comparative sitatement of sites for Sub-stations.

Attachment -13: Authorities responsible for implementation of variousactivities.

Attachment -14: Environmental impacts and mitigation measures.

Attachment -15: Checklist for inspection of transmission projects.

I

DETAILS OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE DOCUMENT

1 AC Altemating Current2 APTP Anpara Pover Transmission Project3 AWL Item Codification4 BHEL Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited5 BWL Item Codification6 C Centigrade7 CCF Chief Conservator of Forests8 CE(T) Chief Engineer (Transmission)9 CEA Central Electricity Authority10 CEF Chlorofluorocarbon11 CIS Consortium of Independent States12 CKM Circuit Kilometers13 Cm Centimeter14 DC Direct Current15 DFO Divisional Forest Officer16 E & M Electrical &Mechanical17 EA Environmenta! Ac-sesment18 ECCC Electricity Civil Construction Circle19 ECCD Electricity Civil Construction Division20 EE Executive Engineer21 EMF Electromegnetic Field22 EMP Environmnt Manaigement Plans23 ETC Electricity Transmission Circle24 ETD Electricity Transmission Division25 GD tubes Gas Disc arge Tubes26 GOI Govemment of India27 GOUP Govemment of Uttar Pradesh28 Ha Hactare29 HFL Highest Flood Level30 HV High Voltage31 Kg. Kilogram32 KV Kilo Volt33 L-l/L-II Level-H/Level-l134 M Meter35 mm Millimeter36 MOE&F Ministry of Environment and Forest37 MVA Mega Volt Amperes38 MVAR Mega Volt Ampere Reactive39 MW Megawatt40 NGO Non-Government Organization41 No. Number

42 OP Operation Policy43 PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyles44 PCCF Principle Chief Conservator of Forests45 ppm Parts per million46 PTCC Pov&er and Telecommunication Coordination Committee47 RAP Rehabilitalon & Resettlement Action Plans48 RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete49 ROW Right of Way50 S/S Sub-station51 SE Superintending Engineer52 Secs Seconds53 Sq. Km. Square Kilometers54 Sq.m Square Meter55 T & C Testing and Commissioning56 T & P Tools and Plants57 TB Tee-beam58 TPS Thermal Power Station59 U P Uttar Pradesh60 UK United Kingdom61 UN United Nat,ons62 UPSEB Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board63 USA United State of America64 VD Vibration Dampers65 W.B. World Bank

Addendum To "Environmental Framework & Safeguards For TransmissionProjects"

The following shall be added as Clause no. 1.50 after Clause No 1.40 ofChapter -1 titled " INTRODUCTION"

1.50 The adverse Environmental impacts of the Distribution projects arenegligible, as such no EMPs are proposed to be prepared for the distributionprojects. However, in.respect of mninirnum clearances and other safetyreasures, provisions of Indian Electricity Rules -1956 shall be followed.

I

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 BACKGROUND

Uttar Pradesh is the most populated State of India Areawise it is third largestState of the country. The power supply to this vast geographical area (294411 Sq. Km.),is being maintained through various load centers and approx. 2,37,300 C.Km. (1997) oftransmission lines. The system comprises 11 Nos.of 400 KV, 33 Nos. 220 KV and 196Nos. 132 KV Sub-stations. For further industrial growth and overall development of theState, UPSEB has envisaged several power transmission and distribution schemes someof which shall be funded by financial lending agencies.UPSEB realizes that powertransmission projects may have some unavoidable environmental and social implications.Social issues are addressed through social policy and procedures separately andenvironmental issues are covered in this document.

UPSEB has great concern for clean environment and conservation of naturalresources.This document intends to deal with the environmental issues associated withtransmission projects so as to provide system reliability & efficiency on one hand and

-cleaner, safer and healthier environment on the other hand. The EnvironmentalSafeguards of UPSEB provides environmental franmework and safeguards fortransmission project of UPSEB taking into account the policies, rules, acts and legalrequirements of Governnent of India and Govemnment of U.P.. This document identifiesand provides a framework and methodology to address environmental issues of Sub-stations and lines and forrnulates guidelines for preparing the Environment ManagementPlans (EMPs) for the proposed projects.

This document has been prepared in-house by the "Social and EnvironmentalCell' of UPSEB and the process of preparing it included desk research on legal andinstitutional framework,analysis of priority issues in power transmissionsector,consistency check with environmental policiies of other SEBs and with operationalpolicies of World Bank. Discussions within and outside UPSEB were also held forgiving due importance to the views / suggestions of all concerned .The provisions of thisdocument will be implemented in all future transmission projects of the UPSEB by fieldunits responsible for construction, operation and miaintenance of these projects.

The Environmental Framework and Safeguards comprises of ten chapters. Chapter- Ideals with introduction, Chapter -2 outlines regulatory requirements of State, Central andmultilateral agencies for transmission projects. Chlapter - 3 outlines UPSEB'senvironment policy.Project description and implementation approach is covered inChapter-4. Chapter-5 outlines base-line socio-ecoinomic conditions of the State. Chapter-6 deals with status of PCB's use and disposal approach for the same. Chapter - 7outlines analysis of alternatives. Chapter - 8 oudtines Environmental Impacts oftransmission projects. Chapter - 9 and 10 deal with Environment Management Plansand public awareness respectively.

2.0 Policy. Legal and Administration

UPSEB undertakes its tranmission activities within the purview of Indian Lawskeeping in mind appropriate obligations and guidelines of statutory and funding agencies.UPSEB views its responsibility under the present legal framework as twofold with regardto their transmission/distribution projects, firstly, the mandatory requirements under thelaw and, secondly, requirements which influence management procedures addressingenvironmental issues. Mandatory environmental requirements for UPSEBtransmission/distribution works include Techno-economic clearance by CEA underElectricity(Supply) Act- 1948; Forest clearance under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980and Forest (Conservation) Rules, 1981, clearance from Telecom department and perviewof Power & Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee; provisions and guidelines forsafety regulations as per Indian Electricity Rules - 1956. Mandatory requirements vis-a-vis Funding Agencies is an Environmental Review/Assessment as per World Bank'sOperational Policy (O.P.) 4.01 and as per O.P. 4.04 and 4.36 regarding Natural Habitatsand Forestry respectively. Environmental Impact Notification -1994 lays down specificproject categories that require clearance from MOE&F. Power transmission projects arenot included in Schedule- I of Environmental Impact Assessment -1994, henceenvironmental clearance is not required for power transmission projects Even as perWorld Bank's Operation Policy (OP 4.01) the transmission projects are classified as typeB projects which would require limited environmental analysis and EnvironmentalManagement Plan (EMP) only.

3.0 Environmental Policy:

UPSEB is committed to provide a clean environment/ecology and sustainabledevelopment in all its developmental activities. All its transmission/distribution projectsare to be, therefore, carefully planned to ensure least possible, if any, adverseenvironmental impacts. Guidelines for construction activities are framed such that theseworks do not damage/disturb the environmental health of the area Environmental Policyof UPSEB also stipulates the guiding principles to be followed during operation andmaintenance stages of projects which ensure safety against occupational hazards,electrocution, fire hazards, accidents, sound pollution, electrical interferences and alsoensure that environmental health of the area is well mainmined and, if possible,improves.

The key principles of UPSEB's environmental policy are:- Avoiding Right of Way (ROW) through Environmentally and Socially sensitive

areas so as to avoid / minimize Environmental & Social Impacts. The principleof avoidance is practiced so as to circumvent environmentally sensitive areasduring project planning stage.

- Best construction practices/norms are adopted to ensure minimization of impactsin environmentally sensitive areas.

4.0 Project Description:

UPSEB has a wide spread network of transrnission lines (19403 ckrm length).For strengthening the present transmission system so as to ensure reliable, efficient andsufficient power supply to consumers, UPSEB will undertake constructions of new Sub-stations; installation of additional transformers, installation of shunt capacitors, laying ofnew transmission lines, interlinking of lines of existing Sub-stations, second circuitstringing of existing transmission lines etc.. UPSEB has also identified many schemesfor augmenting power supply to different zones/districts. For examining the technicalsuitability, feasibility and justification of proposed schemes, load flow-studies areconducted.

UPSEB places great emphasis on management and quality service by following avery systematic approach for planning and implementation of its projects by properlyintegrating Environmental & Social issues in its project cycle.

5.0 Baseline Conditions:

Uttar Pradesh is the most populated State of the country with a geographical areaof 294411 -sq. Km.. UPSEB has got vast experience in implementation of transmissionprojects along the length & breadth of the State. It has planned, constructed & operatedapprox. 19403 ckm of transmission lines (132 K'V and above) and runs a transmissionsystem comprising of 11 No. 400KV Sub-station, 33 No. 220KV Sub-stations and 196No.132KV Sub-stations apart from 66KV, 33KV, 11 KV LT lines and Sub-stations.The landacquired for transmission Sub-stations, is usually Government land, barren land, wasteland or dry agricultural land. Against loss of negligible extent of dry agricultural landsfor transmission projects agricultural production in respective areas increasesconsiderably due to better supply of power resulting in increased irrigation. Cultivablewaste lands can be put into use for agriculture. Thus the new transmission projects ofUPSEB would have beneficial impacts and ultimately they will improve the land usepattern.

6.0 Investigation of PCB based equipments in UPSEB & its safe disposal:-

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) have been manufactured by companies ofUSA, Japan. Germany. UK and have been extensively used in electrical equipments, suchas transformers and capacitors, because of there outstanding properties of thermalstability, dielectric properties, non-flammability etc.. However PCBs were later on foundto be very hazardous environmentally and thus res,trictions on use of PCBs began andthere production decreased through 1970's, on account of voluntary limitations and

Government restrictions. Final restrictions on use of PCBs were published by US-EPAin 1985 and council of OECD in 1987. As per the report published by World Bank titled"Management of PCBs- India" and as corroborated by "Environmental Framework andSafeguards for Transmission Projects of APSEB" it is clear that all old importedtransforrners (purchased prior to 1985) are vulnerable to contain PCBs. Howevertransformers manufactured indigenously, do not contain PCB matter. As far ascapacitors are concerned, BHEL has intimated that capacitors manufactured by themprior to 1985, did contain PCB.

UPSEB carried out detailed investigation to find existence of PCB basedequipments. 18 No. imported transformers of Hitachi/Mitsubishi make and 76No.capacitors having PCB contents have been identified. It is proposed that atleast twosamples each of both manufacturers of transformers (viz. M/s Hitachi & M/s Mitsubishi)be tested for PCB contamination. Capacitors are sealed units from which there is noprovision to draw oil sample for testing. Oil used in capacitors. is hardly 1 to 2 liter andbeing sealed units capacitors, do not cause much concem. However, safe disposal ofphased out capacitors and transformer oil shall be carried out as per PCB managementplan listed in Chap 6-(6.8).

7.0 Analysis of Alternatives:

The analysis of various poncihle alternatives forms a very important part ofproject planning. In order to select the best possible shortest and economical route forthe line, thorough and detailed reconnaissarnce survey is carried out so as to analyzedifferent alternatives. Thie environmental advantages and disadvantages of the variousalternatives are analyzed for identifying the environmentally superior project alternativewhich fulfills the requirement of Environmental Framework and Safeguard Policy ofUPSEB and at the same time, is also safe, reliable and economical. For selection ofenvironmentally superior transmission line route, the basic principle of AVOIDANCE ofprotected/reserved forests, national parks, structures and places of cultural/historicalimportance; religious places; tourist places; human habitats; villages; schools; hospitals;areas subject to submergence/settlement; interference with railway circuits andtelecommunication lines etc. is adhered to. Comparative study of different alternatives,is carried out and route which is found to be feasible; safe; economical and with leastpossible adverse environmental impacts is selected and approved for taking upconstruction work. For land acquisition for Sub-stations - Govt. land; waste land; barrenland/dry agricultural land, are given preference in the same order.

8.0 Environmental Impacts of Transmission Pro5ects:

The electricity power tansmission system includes and incorporates thetransmission line; its Right of Way (ROW), Switchyards, Sub-stations and access ormaintemance'roads. The principle structures of the twansmission line includes the lineitself, conductors, towers and supports etc.The voltage/capacity of the transmission lineaffects the sizes rquired for these principal structures. The ROW in which transmissionline, is constructed ranges in width from 7 meters (for I IKV line) to 85 meters (for8O0KV line).

The major environmental impacts of power transmission system can be the lossvegetation; loss of forests; change in land use pattern; loss of human habitats andinvoluntary resettlement; environmental hazards due to PCBs in the electrical equipmentand impact in culturallhistorical heritage of area, and interference withtelecommunication lines due to EMF induced effects; Besides these, minorenvironmental impacts of transmission system can be, electrocution hazards; noiseproblems in Sub-stations; chemical contaminaticn of sites; fire hazards and loss ofsensitive areas like wild landstwet lands etc..

The above mentioned environmental impacts could occur during different stagesof project life viz. Planning, Construction, and Operation & Maintenance of powertransmission line.

During planning stage because of inherent flexibility in route selection factorslike impacts in sensitive areas, loss of human habitations and impact on land use.aviationhazards etc. can be eliminated or managed in such a way that environmental impacts areminimized.

During construction stage impacts can be minimized / eliminated by propergrading of Sub-stations sites/tower locations; proper fencing to avoid electrocutionhazards;proper designing of tower bases and revetments vis-A-vis land slide impacts;proper storage and liquid impoundment for fuels, waste, raw materials so as to preventspills/leakages and contaminations of soil/surface water etc.

Similarly during operation and maintenance stage by maintaining properclearances in ROW (i.e. cutting and trimming of trees); by preventing noise fromLransforners etc. (i.e. periodical examination of core bolts, core plates, loose externalfittings etc.); by checking oil leakages from joints of transformers; by fire precautionfrom hazards due to ignition of insulating oil in oil filled switchgears/transformers. theenvironmental impactscan be minimized /eliminated.

9.0 Environment Management Plans:

UPSEB places great emphasis on environment management and quality ofservice by addressing environmental issues in its projects. The impacts of transmissionprojects on environment are identified.While the projects areplanned,constructed,operated and maintained the mitigation measures are taLken foraddressing the environmental impacts.

Mitigution measures at planning stage include avoidance of enviromnentallysensitive areas, avoidance of environmentally adverse features (high mountains, steepslopes, land slide prone areas, marshy lands etc.); giving priority to GoVL land/barren orwaste land/dry agricultural land: total banning on use of PCB based electrical equipmentsetc..

Mitigation measures at construction stage include keeping level of switchyardsatleast 500 mm above HFL; provision of dike bunds/embankments - if required; avoidingconstruction during harvesting season, usage of modem and best technology to ensureleast pollution during construction activities; installation of GD tubes/undergroundcabling/microwave system required for preventing interference with telecom lines;restriction of access to public/childrenVanimal for preventing electrocution hazards;providing clearances as per Indian Electricity Rules - 1956 etc.

Mitigation measures for operation & maintenance stage include allowingregeneration in ROW,clearing the undesirable growth by manual/mechanical methods,adopting sprinkler system or other fire control measures to check/control fire hazards;regular checking to prevent oil leakage and noise pollution from transformers; keepingfirst aid kits readily available at Sub-stations etc..

The institutional framework for carrying out all the above works includeinteraction between transmission organization; design wing of transmission organization;civil wing; Social and Environmental Cell of UPSEB and, for training part,with DirectorGeneral, Human Resources Development Directorate, UPSEB as elaborated in thischapter.

10. Public Awareness:

Transmission projects do not create much environmental impacts which mayresult in resistance from public. Inspite of this, UPSEB has a firm commitment towardspublic awareness of possible environmental impacts, however minor these may be. As af-irst step, as per Section -29 of Electricity (Supply) Act- 1948 ,public notification inlocal newspaper shall be published to invite objections from public within 60 days.Public contact drives shall also be organized by the field units to create awareness aboutsocial & environmental impacts. Public suggestions shall be given due weightage andgood suggestions shall be incorporated in Environmental Management Plans.

CHAPTER -1

INTRODUCTION

1.00 Man's survival on this earth depends on iharmony with nature. Historically, inIndia, there has been a continuous cultural and spiritual tradition of respectingnature and learning to live alongwith it in friendship and concord. As a matter offact most of the cultures and civilizations which have historically survived wereable to do so because they managed environment in a thoughtful manner.

While on this earth, it took a million years for human population to reach abillion, it is clear that another billion will be added only in the next 15 years.Therefore, development, as a goal is unexceptionable but it has to be harmonizedin all respects.Development has to be sustainable and for doing so itsenvironmental costs and benefits have to be clearly analyzed in order to reach abalance.

1.10. India is one of the fastest developing country in the world in terms of industrial aswell as economical grow.th. Sustainable development is an unexceptionalobjective ot planning.Systematically integrated programmes andprojects forgrowth, social justice and environmental conservation, only can aiiowthe presentgeneration to improve standards of living and quality of life and convey thisheritage to the succeeding generations. T'he pace at which science and technologyare making rapid strides in all walks of life, brings in its wake serious problemswhich impinge upon the quality of life for all people in the country. Indusuialdevelopment has some inherent adverse social and environmental impacts butthese impacts can be minimized through proper planning in the light of carefullyand intelligently framed mandatory social and environmental policies.

1.20 Uttar Pradesh, having the largest population and third largest area of the country,remains one of the least developed States of the country. Inspite of all efforts bythe Government of Uttar Pradesh the industrial development of the State couldnot be raised to the desired level. One of the main reasons for slow industrialdevelopment of the State is the insufficient and irregular power supply. Forimproving the power supply conditions UPSEB has envisaged several powertransmission and distribution schemes to be funded by financial lending agencies.These schemes, when implemented, could cause some adverse social andenvironmental impacts.

I .30 UPSEB feels the need of immediately framing and declaring its own Social andEnvironmental Framework & Safegaurds so that the adverse social andenvironmental impacts, due to future projects, may be brought down to theminimum possible level. Social Policy and Rehabilitation Action plans shall becovered under a separate document This document deals with the EnvironmentSafegaurds of the UPSEB and basis of Environment Management Plans to beprepared for specific future projects.

1.40 The Environment Framework & Safegaurds for transmission projects of theUPSEB have been prepared taking into account the policies, rules,acts and legalrequirements of the Government of India and U.P. Government This documentidentifies and provides a framework and methodology to address environmentalissues of sub-stations and lines and formulate EMP's for the same.TheProvisions of this document will be implemented in all the future transmissionprojects of the UPSEB by the field units responsible for planning,construction,operation and maintenance of these projects.

2

CHAPTER-2

POLICY, LEGAL & REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

2.0 Historically the issues of environment have been engaging attention ofgovemments .Each country tried to enact laws for protecting the environment in oneway or the other, but world scale consciousness about the widespread deterioration ofthe environment arose only after 1972 when the UN conference on environment anddevelopment was organized at Stockholm. This land mark conference emphasized,in clear terms, the need to defend and improve the human environment for presentand future generations and its imperative role for mankind . It called upon theGovemment to initiate policy and action towards this role. The countries of the worldwere expected to establish specific standards, enact laws, disseminate knowledge andinformation and generate co-operation and mutual assistance for better managementof the environment.

It was after the Stockholm conference that many pointed and focusedinitiatives were taken in India with a view to provide resource management andenvironment quality/anti-pollution laws (viz. vater ( prevention and control ofpollution )Act , 1974, The air (Prevention and control of pollution) Act, 1991, TheForest Conservation Act 1980, the environment (Protection) Act, 1986, The NationalEnvironment Tribunal Act, 1995) on the one hand and administrative, organizationalas well as enforcement machinerv on other, to meet growing challenges of increasingadverse environment impacts.

2.01 In this Chapter the existing policies,legal requirements and regulatoryframework of Central and State Govemment , relating to the transmission powerprojects and the environmental issues are discussed . UPSEB undertakes itstransmission activities within the purview of these policies, requirements andregulatory framework, also keeping in view appropriate obligations and guidelines offunding agencies. Mandatory requirements under these laws and the guidelines offunding agencies are reviewed and detailed below.

Mandatory requirements

2.1 Environmental dearance from Ministry of Environment & Forests, GOI

Environmental Impact Notification 1994 lays down specific project categoriesthat require clearance from MOE&F.As per the Schedule-I of the EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Notification 1994 (as amendei on 04-05-1994) issued by Ministryof Environment & Forests,GOI (Attachment-1) Flower Transnission Projects are notincluded in 'the list of projects that rquire environmental clearances. As suchenvironmental clearances are not required for power transmission projects proposedin Uttar Pradesh.

2.2 Techno-economic clearance by Central Electricity Authority (CEA)under Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948

As per the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948, Techno-economic clearance fromCEA or respective State Govemments is required When the Project Cost is more than

Rs.100 Crores the clearance from CEA is necessarily to be obtained. This limit hasnow been raised to Rs.250 Crores.

The CEA/GOUP, before according clearance , evaluate the technical andeconomical feasibility of the schemes proposed by the UPSEB, based on the daLafurnished in the project feasibility report. CEA examines whether all provisions madein the project report are as per the requirements for reliability ,safety and viability .After satisfying all the requirements it communicates Techno-economic clearance toUPSEB.

Under Electricity (supply) Act, 1948 UPSEB has all the powers that thetelegraph authority possesses under the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 for the purpose ofplacing of any wires, poles, towers without having to actually acquire land. Powertransmission schemes are always planned in such a way that the power of eminentdomain is exercised responsibly.

2.3 Procedure For Obtaining Forest Clearance under Forest(Conservation) Act,1980 and Forest (Conservation)Rules,1981

When due to certain valid reasons passage of the proposed transmission lineis unavoidable through Forest area,it is mandatory that Forest Clearance be obtainedfrom relevant authorities under the Forest (Conservation) Act. 1980 and ForestConservation Rules 1981. This act was enacted to prevent rapid deforestation andenvironmental degradation.The steps for forest clearance are briefly described below:-

(I)Reconnaissance survey and preliminary survey is conducted for identfyingthe topographical details of the area and environmentally sensitive areas/structures soas to finalise the route for the proposed transmission schemes ,duly observing therules for route selection criteria.

(2)After marking these details on the topographical maps issued by theGeological Survey of India, detailed analysis of the altematives is conducted to avoidany adverse environmental and social impacts. It is ensured , as far as possible, thatforest area is not involved or minimum forest area is affected.

(3)After the route alignment and ROW width are finalised , the route mapindicating the extent of forest land involved and properly filled in prescribedapplication form / format, are submitted to Divisonal Forest Officer of the concerneddistrict for obtaining forest clearance.

A prescribed format for obtaining the approval from the Forest Deparient isgiven in Attachment -2. Alternatives and reasons for rejection of alternatives; projectdescription; details of flora and fauna in the area; density and other specific details ofvegetation; status as wild life sanctuary ; biosphere reserves ; rare or endangeredspecies, national park, natural reserves; habitat for migrating fauna, vulnerability toerosion, number of displaced families, rehabilitation plan and details of compensatoryafforestation scheme and many other details are to be furnished for this purpose in theformat .

(4)The DFO, after receiving the application on the prescribed format ,visitsthe proposed site and verifies the forest land involved in the ROW. A cost benefit

analysis is carried out by forest authorities and a scheme for compensatoryafforestation is prepared. Non-forest land or degraded forest land is identified by theuser agency with the help of State Revenue Authorties for afforestation. UPSEBprepares the cost estimate for compensatory afforestation and issues certificateabiding to pay cost of compensatory afforestation. The proposal is then submitted tothe Principal Chief Conservator of Forests through GOUP who submits the proposalto Regional MOE&F.

The Chief Conservator of Forest- lRegional Office is competent to clearprojects if the land involved is less than 5 Hectares. If the land involved is more than5 Hectares but less than 20 Hectares then the Chief Conservator of Forest -RegionalOffice in consultation with a State Advisory Committee , comprising of membersfrom Revenue department,Forest department,Planning and/or Finance department &concemed department, submits his recommendation to Secretary, Minister of-Environment & Forest for final decision.The recommendation of State AdvisoryCommittee are however not binding. If the land involved is more than 20 Hectarethen the proposal is sent for clearance and approval to Ministry of Environment &Forest, Delhi. In all cases the final notification is made by GOUP. The approval isaccorded in all cases in two stages. In the frst stage in-principle clearance isaccorded. In second stage, after receipt of cornpliance report regarding transference ofnon forest land & compensatory afforeststion the final clearance is accorded for theproject. The flow charts for obtaining the forest clearance are enclosed at Attachment-3a,3b & 3c.

UPSEB foliows the principle of avoidance during route alignment and will notconsider routing through forest land unless it is unavoidable.UPSEB has, in the pastobtained , and will continue to obtain, appropriate clearances from forest authoritiesand follow all steps necessary for the transmission projects.

2.4 Route Approval from PTCC

The Central government has constituted Power and Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee (PTCC) at State and Central level to look into theissues relating to electrical interference due to power lines on the telecomlines and railway circuits. Whenever a power transmission line is proposed,UPSEB is required to obtain PTMC approval for the route initially andclearance before charging the line.

Power lines of 220 KV and above would be processed by the Central PTC C.Power lines upto and including 132 KV would be handled by the concernedRegional PTCC.

2.5 Clearance from Telecom Department for energizing Power Transmissionline

After power transmission line route is approved by PTCC. the protective measureswhatesover suggested by P`rCC have to be implemented by the telecom departmentto protect their lines. UPSEB is to give three months prior intimation beforeenergisation of the line which should enable the local telecom authorities to takeaction to confirm that the conditions, if any, stipulated by the PTCC ,at the time ofclearing the proposal,have been complied with before energizing the line. Afterconforming the same, the Telecom Department issues clearance to UPSEB forenergisation of the line.

In this way electromagnetic interferences to telecom lines, due to power lines areeliminated.

2.6 Mandatory requirements of Funding Agences

World Bank's Operational Policy (OP) 4.01 outlines Bank Policy and Procedures forenvironmental assessment (EA) of bank investment and lending operations. Bank'sOP 4.04 and 4.36 outlines, Bank's policy regarding Natural Habitats and Forestryrespectively. Bank's source book update number-8 outlines its guidelines in respect ofcultural Heritage in E.A.. These policies are kept in mind in preparation of theEnvironmental Policy of UPSEB and EMP.

In OP 4.01, electrical Lransmission projects are categorised as category B projects inwhich environmental impacts are not sensitive, major or diverse and remedialmeasures can be more easily designed and hence such projects needs LimitedEnvironmental analysis and an EMP.

2.7 RIGHT OF WAY

As per the normns fixed by the Forest Department maximum width ofright of way (ROW) and minimum clearance for the transmission lineson forest land shall be as follows:

Voltage of the Width of right Minimum clearancetransmission line in of way between conductors andKV (in meters) trees(in meters)

Il1 7 2.633 15 2.866 18 3.4132 27 4.0220 35 4.6400 52 5.5800 85

A 3 meters wide clearance is necessary below each conductor forthe movement of tension stringing equipment. Trees on such strips are

felled but after stringing is complete, natural regeneration isencouraged. Felling and pruning of trees for electric clearance whenevernecessary , is done with permission from the local forest officer. If greaterROW than specified above is needed,as in case of forests involving tall treesCEA has to be consulted.

2.8 INDIAN ELECTRICITY RULES-1956

These contain set of rules for general safety requirements andconditions relating to supply and use of energy. Some of thesestipulations are as under:

2.81 Minimum clearances prescribed in the Indian Electricity Rules 1956for bare conductors or live parts or any apparatus in outdoor sub-stations

excluding overhead lines of HV installations are:-

Voltage class Ground clearance Sectional clearance(meters) (meters)

Not exceeding 11 KV 2.75 2.63.70 2.8

33KV4.0 3.0

66KV" 132KV 4.6 3.5

220KV 5.5 4.3400KV 8.0 6.5

2.82 Clearance above ground of lowest conductor

(1) For overhead lines across a street(a) Low & medium voltage. lines 5.8meters(b) High voltage lines 6.1 meters

(2) For overhead line along a slreet(a) Low & Medium voltage lines 5.5 meters(b) High voltage lines 5.8 meters

(3) For overhead lines erected elsewhere than along or acrossstreet(a) 33 KV 5.2 meters(b) 66KV 5.5 meters(c) 132 KV 6.1 meters(d) 220 KV 7.0 meters(e) 400 KV 8.5 meters

2.83 Prescribed vertical clearancefrom buildings on basis of maximum sag

SI.No l1ine catagorisation Minimum clearance (meters)I. 33KV 3.72 66KV 4.03. 132KV 4.64. 220KV 5.55. 400KV 7.3

2.84 Prescribed horizontal clearance from buildings on basis of maximumdeflection due to wind pressure

SI.No Line categorisation Minimum clearance(meters)1. 33KV 2.02. 66KV 2.33. 132KV 2.94. 220KV 3.85. 400KV 5.3

2.85 Prescribed minimum clearance in meters between lines crossing eachother:-

SI. Nominal | 11-66 110-132 220 400 800system KV KV KV KV KVvoltage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

1. 11-66 KV 2.44 3.05 4.58 5.49 7.94 ]2. 110-132KV 3.05 3.05 4.58 5.49 7.943. 220KV 4.58 4.58 4.58 5.49 7.944. 400KV 5.49 5.49 5.49 5.49 7.945. 800KV 7.94 7.94 7.94 7.94 7.94

The above clearances are as per the provisions of Indian Electricity Rules- 1956

3.0 Environmental Standards of the Regulatory Agencies

Indian constitution provides for the protection of the environment in its DirectivePrinciples (ArL 48-A) and imposes a fundamental duty on citizens to protect andconserve the Environment (Art 51-A(2)). India inifiated legislation and CentralPollution Control Boards and State Pollution Control Boards were setup to controlair, water and noise pollution etc.,under water (Pollution Prevention & Control) Act1974 , Air (Pollution & Control) Act 1981 and Environment Protection Act 1986.Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govemnment of India is the focal agency forenvironment protection in India. MOE&F have stipulated standards for air pollution,water effluents and noise etc. for various industrial units. However, since ZeroPollution's are envisaged due to transmission schemes, MOE&F have neitherspecified standards of transmission projects nor listed them in the category of projectsthat require environmental clearances. However, to ensure safety & reliability oftransmission system and to keep surrounding environment intact, necessary protectionmeasures as described in the appropriate sections are followed.

CHAPTER-3

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

3.00 For industrial growth of Uttar Pradesh , which is essential for the improvement ofthe living standard of its population , it is necessary that the power supply position in theState is improved .Setting up of new industries as well as of new power generation andtransmission projects inherently result in environmental degradation of the area .Theremay be land degradation due to increasing toxification , water logging , saliniation , soilerosion and chemical damages . Due to land degradation cultivable land is reduced .There may be loss or damage of some forest areas also . To minimize all such or anyother possible environmental adverse impacts,lJ.P.State Electricity Board has decidedthat greatest care must be taken while planning and executing the new transmissionprojects, so that environmental conditions of the concerned area do not get degraded and, if possible , are improved.

UPSEB is committed to provide a clean environment , ecology and sustainabledevelopment in all its developmental activities. All its transmission projects are,therefore, very carefully planned, following the stipulated guidelines, to ensure that leastpossible, if any, adverse environmental impacts are caused and at the same timereliability, security and economy are also not compromised with .Guidelines forconstruction activities are frarmeu such that these works do not disturb/darrmagc theenvironment of the area .

Environmental policy of the UPSEB also stipulates the guiding principles to be followedduring operation and maintenance stages of the projects, which ensures safety againstoccupational hazards, electrocution, fire hazards, accidents, sound pollution, electricalinterferences and also ensures that environment of the area is well maintained and, ifpossible, improved.

UPSEB also ensures that natural resources, natural habitat, cultural habitat, historicalmonuments/structures etc. are conserved for the future generations .

3.10 To achieve the above objectives, UPSEB has formulated its own EnvironmentalPolicy for its transmission projects. In formulating this policy, guidance has also beentaken from the Environmental Policies declared by the Power Grid Corporation Ltd. andAndhra Pradesh State Electricity Board.

3.20 The Environmental Policy of the UPSIEB stipulates different guiding principlesfor planning, construction, operation & maintenance stage of the project The guidingprinciples are strictly adhered to. At the same time reliability, security and economy arealso to be ensured.

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3.21 Guiding Principles for planning stage of the projects:-

(i) The basic principle is that of avoidance and of selectingthe path of miinimum resistance.

(ii) Environmentally sensitive areas are avoided giving special importance tothe fragile ecosystems and their inherent bio-diversity.

(iii) Right-of-way of the transmission lines is avoided through:-

(a) Natural features like high mountains with steep slopes and hugeboulders.

(b) Hilly terrain prone to land slides.(c) Large lakes, reservoirs , marshy places, large stretches of broken

lands.(d) Areas and structures having cultural ,historical, tourism or religious

importance.(e) Villages, schools, hospitals and other establishments, large play

grounds.(f) Human habitations and areas which may have adverse social impacts

involving huge costs of rehabilitation and resettlement of effectedpopulation.

(g) Natural habitats of important indigenous foreign species of birds, birdsanctuaries, national parks.

(h) Areas having big trees, gardens, orchards, plantations, protected orreserved forests and continuous stretches of agricultural lands.

(i) As far as possible, crossing with telecommunication line and railwaycircuits which may cause EMF interferences.

(iv) Site of sub-station is selected avoiding all the features detailed in (iii)above .Further, it is preferred that the land selected is, as far as possible,a Govtland or a barren land /waste land /dry agricultural land of a privateowner . It is also ensured that the land is not prone to submergence anddrainage/erosion problems. Sites requiring construction of new approachroads are avoided.

3.22 Guiding principles for construction stage of the project:-

(i) Construction activities are taken up, as for as possible, during the seasonwhen the harvesting of crops has been completed so that there is no loss tothe crops. If it is unavoidable to execute some of the work during

10

cropping season then suitable compensation is paid for loss/damage ofcrops.

(ii) Cartage and storage of construction materials, tower parts and tools andplants are planned/executed in such a manner that there is minimum lossto crops and agricultural land.

(iii) Modern and best technologies are adopted and latest equipments are usedto ensure least pollution during construction activities.

(iv) All safety measures are taken for ensuring that no accidents occur duringconstruction activities.

(v) Best construction practices/norms are adopted to ensure safety, reliabilityand stability of towers and sub-station structures.

(vi) Due care is taken to prevent erosion and drainage problems due toconstruction activities.

(vii) Normnal level of the sub-station is kept at a level ateast 500 mm higherthan the Highest Flood Level (HFL) and suitable drainage system isprovided so that there is no water logging in the area.

(viii) For preventing erosion near tower pads, stone pitching is done aroundtower pads. In sub-station switchyards also , where erosion problems areexpected, stone pitching is done. In some places. having serious erosionproblems, retaining walls are constructed.

(ix) Special care is taken while designirng and constructing structures in wetlands,river beds etc.

3.23 Guiding principles for operation & mainitenance stage.

(i) Regular periodic inspection of the transmission line route and entire areaof sub-station is carried out and extra/undesirable vegetation is removed.Clearing operations are done manually or mechanically and no chemicalsare used for this purpose

(ii) Preventive mechanisms are established on all sub-stations for preventingall potential dangers to safety and health of people, occupational hazardsand for guaranteeing good environment of the area.

(iii) Fire fighting equipments installed at all the sub-stations are always keptin working order.

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(iv) Preventive measures to prevent electrocution are taken. Safetyequipments/mechanisms are installed for this purpose.

(v) F2irst aid kits arc kept in order at all sub-stations to tackle fire/clectrocution accidents.

(vi) Oil seals are periodically checked to avoid oil leakages.

(vii) Safe, efficient and advanced technologies are adopted for operation &maintenance activities for ensuring economy and safety.

(viii) Public awareness, regarding safety hazards is created through distributionof pamphlets through N.G.Os or direct public contact .

1 2

CHAPTER-4PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4.00 U.P.State Electricity B3oard has a wide spread network of transmission lines ofhigh voltage as well as extra high voltage capacities.The installed capacity of generationas on 31st March'1997 was as below:

* Thermal 4544.00 MW* Hydro 1494.35 MW* Micro Hydel 10.40 MW

Total UPSEB 6048.75 MW

* UP's share in 1965.00 MWcentral schemes

*Grand total 8013.75 MW

The Power being generated is being transmitted to various load centres through 2,37,300CKM of transmission lines and 2,28,119 CKM (1997) of secondary transmission anddistribution lines. The total electrified villages as per CEA definition are 87,079 (1997).The total no. of consumers are 67,08,978 (1998) out of which 51,59,760 are domestic,6.95,109 commercial ,1,88,630 industrial, 21,863 public lighting, 4,613 PWW & sewagepumping, 6,38,799 agricultural and 16 are bulk supply consumers.The total connectedioad is 13,954 MW (1997). The per capita annual consumption (1994-95) is 204.07 unit.This is against the backdrop of national average of 320 units. The UPSEB is broadlydivided into Generation Wing,Transmission Wing,Distribution Wing and AccountsWing.

4.10 The Transmission Sector

The Transmission Wing of UPSEB is headed by M4ember (Transmission) . The State hasbeen divided into three broad parts viz. East, Centre and West and each part is headed bya Chief Engineer (L-II) viz. Chief' Engineer (Trans. East),ChiefEngineer(Trans.Central)& Chief Engineer (Trans:West). These three Chief Engineerswork under the overall control of Chief Engineer (Transmission) . The design organistionof Transmission is headed by Chief Engineer (Transmission Design). The transmissionworks of state related to Anpara Power Transmission Project are under the control ofChief Engineer (APTP) . The grid system is under the control of the Chief Engineer(Power System). Civil works of Transmission Wing are carried out under the control ofChief Egineer (Civil) Transmission.

The Power being generated is transmitted to various load centres through 19403 CKM.of400 KV, 200KV and 132 KV lines. The system comprises of 1 1-nos. 400KV substations,33 -nos.220 KV substations &196-nos. 132 KV substations.

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Overall control of grid is undertaken by control system centred at Lucknow alongwithregional area dispatch load centres at Panki, Roorkee, Moradabad & Sarnath. Thegeographical map of transmission lines & substations setup is enclosed at Attachment-4.

Although the wide spread network of transmission lines in U.P. has been transmittingthe power generated by its power houses to the existing load centers but because of theever increasing demand of power and creation of new load centers an urgent need ofstrengthening, renovation and augmentation of the existing transmission system is beingfelt.

For strengthening the present transmission system so as to ensure reliable, efficient andsufficient power supply to the consumers, the following activities are required to be takenup:-

(i) Construction of some new sub-stations.(ii) Installation of additional transformers(iii) Installation of shunt capacitors(iv) Laying of new power transmission lines.(v) Second circuit stringing of existing transmission lines.(vi) interlinking of lines of existing sub-stations

U.P.State Electricity Board has identified many schemes for augmenting the powersupply of different towns/districts. For examining the feasibility and justification of theproposed schemes ,to ensure that the proposed schemes are technically suitable ,the loadflow studies are conducted. The input factors for these studies are:-

(i) Existing and proposed generation data(ii) Existing and proposed sub-station wise load data(iii) Data about existing transformers, sub-stations and transmission lines.(iv) Data regarding transformers, sub-stations and transmission lines covered

under proposed new schemes

In the first phase ten schemes have been identified for World Bank assistance . TheW.B. is expected to sanction a mini loan for these schemes. The proposed schemes are:

1. 400 KV Muzaffarnagar Package2. 220 KV Dadri Package3. 220 KV Allahabad Canu Package4. 220 KV Hardoi Road Package5. 132 KV Khurrannagar Package (Lucknow City)6. 132 KV Martinpurwa Package7. 220/33 KV RPH (Kanpur) Package8. 220 KV Deoria Package9. 220 KV Orai Package

10. 220 KV Shatabdinagar Package

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4.11 Project Implementation Cyde

U.P.StaLe Electricity Board follows a very systematic approach for planning andimplementation of its projects. Environment;l and Social issues are integrated ineach stage. Various stages of the project cycle are outlined as under:-

4.12 Project Conceptualization:

On the basis of the pending applications for new power connectionsreceived from the consumers of various categories (viz. domestic, agricultural,industrial, commercial etc.) the Distribution Wing assesses the requirement ofadditional load for different areas. The distribution wing passes on thisinformation to the planning wing and transmission wing alongwith the proposalfor improvement. The transmission/planning wing carries out the feasibilitystudies for the need and priority of various possible options in the light ofavailable power, demand and resources (including possibility of loans). Variousline route options and sub-station options are analyzed during the feasibilitystudies. While considering J analyzing these options possible environmental andsocial impacts, of different options, are also considered. Environmental screeningforms an essential part of the feasibility study.

4.13 Project Planning:

After conceptualizing the project and completing the feasibility studies areconnaissance survey of the area is done. Various altematives are considered andanalyzed to ensure minimum possible adverse environmental and social impactsand also to ensure economy, safety and reliability. Method and basis of analysisof alternative routes is elaborated in Chapter-7 of this document. As far aspossible , the route having no adverse environmental impacts is selected. When itis not possible to locate such route then the route causing minimal adverseenvironmental impact is selected and damagelloss to the environment iscompensated by taking necessary measures. Field officers carry out the surveywork and finalize , on the basis of environtnental and social policies, the route ofminimum possible environmental adverse impacts and having least resistancefrom affected population.Sites for sub-stations ame also selected kIeeping in viewthe factors of economy,reliability .safety, accessibility, and also theenvironmental and social policies. The Govt land, barren land, waste land anddry agricultural land are preferred in the order mentioned above. The technicallysuitable option in which minimum disturbance/loss to the effected population andenvironment is caused and in which minimum compensation is to be paid isconsidered the best option.

V 15

4.14 Public Notification:

The details of scheme is published in the local newspapers of the areainviting objections, if any, from the public within a stipulated fixed period as perthe provisions of section 29(c) of the Electricity (Supply) Act,1948.

4.15 Approvals of Projects:

The feasibility report of the proposed project is sent to the U.P.Government forapproval when the project cost is less than Rs.250 crores and if the project costis more than Rs-250 crores then it is sent to the Central Electricity Authorityfor technical clearance.

4.16 Forest Clearance:

In case the use of some forest land is involved then the proposal is sent tothe Ministry of Environment and Forest,Govt. of India for clearance

4.17 Clearance from PTCC:

If the route of the proposed transmission line crosses the railway circuitsor telecommunication lines then the proposal is also sent to the PTCC for theirclearance.

4.18 Design and Tendering:

Once the proposed project has been approved by GOUP/CEA andrequired clearances have been obtained from MOEF,GOI and PTCC the detailedsurvey of the concemed area is carried out and on the basis of the detailed surveythe angle tower points and types of towers are fixed. The sub-station design wingof the UPSEB, then designs the line towers and various structures of the sub-station. Cost estimate of the project is also prepared. Open tenders for theconstruction, erection and stringing works are invited through wide publicitythrough newspaper advertisement. The works are awarded to the specializedagencies with experience of having executed similar works.

4.19 Project Implementation:

- The contractor,to whom the work is entrusted , conducts a detailed crosscheck survey of the entire area of the project, to check the ground profile andother details including the environmental attributes, with the help of levelinginstruments and other tools & plants and makes necessary changes on thetopographical sheets. Divisional officer fixes the tower spots and heights

16

(extensions), wherever necessary,for tension towers. The works of construction,erection, stringing of towers and construction of sub-station buildings andstructures are taken up thereafter.

4.20 Testing & Commissioning:

After completing the construction, erection and stringing works theconstruction division informs the test and commissioning wing. The test andcommissioning wing conducts al} requisite tests on the transmission lines and sub-station equipments and undertakes appropriate corrective/remedial measures. Thesub-station and transmission lines are cormmissioned only after completing all therequired corrections,alterations and moclifications on the basis of the testscarried out.

4.21 Operation & Maintenance:

The transmission lines and sub-stations are continuously monitored.Pcriodic patrolling of the all transmission lines, as per fixed schedule, areconducted by the concerned divisional officers and supervisory staff to identifyany defects in the components.

4.22 Project Review:

Progress of the construction works is reviewed by the sub-divisionalofficers on the daily basis and by the Executive Engineer, in charge of theconcerned divisions, at least once in a week . Concerned Superintending Engineerreviews the progress at least once in a fortnight and the Chief Engineer of theZone atleast once in a month. While reviewing the progress adherence to the timeschedule & implementation of environmental mitigative measures are givenspecific importance.

4.20 PROJECT CYCLE

L Project Conceptualization:

1. Project identification2. Identification of possible social and environmental impacts.3. Identification of possible hurdles in implementation of project.4. Preparation of feasibility reports.

LI Project Planning:

1. Reconnaissance & preliminary survey2. Environmental analysis/screening of alternatives.3. Preparation of EMPs.4. Social Assessment

17

5. Preparation of RAI's

III Public Notification:

1. Publication of proposals in thc local newspapers.2. Receiving the objections and taking remedial measures.

IV Approvals of Project:

1. Techno-economic clearance from GOUPICEA2. Forest clearance from MOEF,GOI3. PTCC clearance.

v Design and Tendering:

1. Detailed Survey2. Fixing of Angle tower points and types of towers3. Designing of towers and structures of sub-station4. Preparation of estimates.5. Preparation of tender specifications.6. Invitation of tenders and their processing7. Award of work to specialized agency.

VI Project Implementation:

i. Check survey by the contractor and field staff.2. Implementation of EMPs and RAPs3. Construction of tower and sub-station foundations.4. Erection of towers & stringing.5. Construction of sub-station buildings & erection of structures.

VII Testing & Commissioning:

1. Testing of towers and lines.2. Taking corrective /remedial measures3. Testing of sub-station structures and equipments4. Taking corrective/remedial measures.5. Commissioning of line and sub-station

Vmi Operation & Maintenance:

1. Monitoring of lines2. Patrolling of lines and sub-station area3. Preventive maintenance4. Tak-ing corrective measures

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5. Grid operation

IX Project Review:

1. Weekly review.2. Fortnightly review.3. Monthly review..4. Annual review.

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19

I I I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

CHA PTER-5

BASELINE CONDITIONS

5.00 The State

Uttar Pradesh is the biggest state of the country with a Geographical area of294411 Sq. Kmn. and a huge population of 13.91 C'rores(as per 1991 census). Of this vastpopulation nearly 80% of population, i.e.approx. 11.15 Crores, resides in rural area andonly 2.76 Crores in urban area. The State has 1,12,803 inhabited villages and 754 towns.The number of heavy and medium industries is 1461 and a vast potential of small scaleindustries figuring 3,12,182. The State has an irrigated area of 117 lacs hactares (1994-95) with 28,636 Govt. tubewells (1995-96).

5.10 Land Use Pattern

Under Electrcity (Supply) Act 1948, UPSEB is vested with powers ofestablishing transmission towers without acquiring land. Normally transmission towersrequire very less extents of land (ranging from 27 ,Sqm. to 104 Sqm for 132 KV Iowers,30 Sqm to 119 Sqm for 220 KV towers and 75 Sq.m to 235 Sqm for 400 KV towers;depending on tower category). After commissionirng of towers, land owners are permittedto use their land for the agriculture. Therefore, by erection of towers, agricultural land isnot wasted.

Land is acquired for sub-station only. Land acquired for transmission sub-stations isusually Govt. land,barren land,waste land or dry agricultural land . Sub-stations requiresmall land, out of which extent of agricultural land would normally be very less. Againstloss of negligible extent of dry agricultural land for transmission projects, agriculturalproduction in the respective areas improves considerably due to better supply of power.Cultivable waste land can be put into use for agriculture. With this, net area sownincreases with decrease of cultivable waste land. Forest lands normally are neither usedfor transmission lines nor for sub-stations. The result is that land use pattern improves byaugmentation of transmission sytem.

5.20 Cropping Pattern

Rice is the main Kharif crop grown predominantly in Bareilly Divison,Faizabad Division, Gorakhpur Division, Lucknow Division, VaranasiDivision.,Devipatan Division,Azamgarh Division & Moradabad Division.

Sugarcane, another Kharif crop is grown predominantly in SaharanpurDivision,Moradabad Division, Meerut Division,Lucknow Division, Bareilly Division &Gorakhpur Division.

20

Jawar (Kharif crop) is grown predominantly in Chitrakoot Dham Division,AllahabadDivision, Jhansi D)ivisionm Kanpur Division. Lucknow Division & Faizabad Division.

Wheat a major Rabi Crop is grown predominantly in Lucknow Division, MoradabadDivision, Kanpur Division, Goraklhpur Division, Faiiabad Division, Agra Division,Bareilly Division & Allahabad Division.

Barley (Rabi Crop) is grown predominantly in Agra Division, Azamgarh Division,Allahabad Division, Kanpur Division, Lucknow Division & Meerut Division.

Potato (Rabi Crop) is grown predominantly in Agra Division, Allahabad Division,Bareilly Division, Faizbad Division, Kanpur Division, Lucknow Division & VaranasiDivision.

The main fruit production areas are Agra Division, Bareilly Division,Faizabad Division,Garhwal Division, Kumaun Division, Lucknow Division , Meerut Division, MoradabadDivision & Saharanpur Division.

Vegitable production is predominantly under Agra Division, AllahabadDivision,Bareilly Division, Faizabad Division, Kanpur Division, Lucknow Division &Meerut Division.

Cropping pattern of Uttar Pradesh for the year 1995-96 is given in Attachment-5 andland use pattern is given in Attachment-6

Attachment -7 & 8 show population dispersal and districtwise forest areas of U.P.respectively.

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CHAPTER-6

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLES

6.1 Introduction

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are a general group of substances with formula C,2HCP. where 'n' can range from I tolO. These chtemicals were discovered more than 100years ago and have been commercially used since 1930 as dielectric and heat exchangefluids. The important characteristic of PCB are as below:

They are -thermally stable- resistant to oxidation- resistant to degradaiion by acid ,bases or biological species.- soluble in oil/fat- insoluble in water- low flammability- excellent dielectric properties

Due to excellent stability and dielectric properties of the PCBs approx. half of the totalproduction of PCBs found its way into usage in transformcr.s and capacitors in powerindustry. PCBs were particularly popular for use in indoor transformers where non-llammable properties of PCBs were considered advantageous.

The PCBs were manufactured by a range of companies in North America, Europe &Japan. 'Aroclor' from USA and 'Clophen' from Germany are most widely reported tradenames. A list of principal trade names for PCB based dielectric fluids which are mainlyapplicable to transforners is given at Attachment-9

The manufacture of PCBs increased from 1930 to 1970 and after 1970 productiondecreased world wide both on account of voluntary limitations and Governmentrestrictions .The long term stability of PCBs has lead to their widespread distribution.Once they enter into the environment, the degradatiDn is very slow. PCBs have a veryhigh tendency to bioaccumulate which is typical of materials with high liquid solubilitycombined with slow rates of degradation and low rate of elimination from organism.

6.2 Health & Environmental Impacts from PCBs

PCBs are a mixture of chlorine substituted biphenyl compounds, each having differentchemical and physical properties and toxicity effects. In addition, PCBs containimpurities which include polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCBFs) and chlorintednapthalenes,'both groups of compounds have clocumented toxic effects. Commercialpreparations used in the electricity industiry (Askarel) contains approx. 65% PCBs(Aroclor- 1254) and 35% of polychlorinated benzene's .

22

PCBs have been reported to cause mutation in plants, decline in some bird populationsand reduced reproduction in sea mammals. Many species appear to be far more sensitiveto PCBs than humans and exhibit effects at significantly lower dozes.

Health effect in human beings exposed to PCBs include:

- Skin and eye irritation- Chloracne- Liver damage- Reduced immune response- Reduced fertility- Cancer

These effects have been observed following prolonged and repeated exposure, there isless evidence available for low level exposure on health.Certain PCBs have beenidentified as having dioxin like toxicity and exposure to dioxin like compounds havebeen associated with serious health effects including cancer.

6.3 Regulatory Framework

The basic pollution control legislation in India are:I. The Environment (Protection) Act 1986.2. The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution)Act 1974,3. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act 1981.

Besides the above acts there are two set of rules which could be relevant to managementof PCBs .These are:

I. Manufacture, storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules 19892. Hazardous wastes (Management & handling)Rules 1989.

There is no specific listing of PCBs in the 1989 rules. Polybrominated biphenyls arementioned and general toxicity criteria can include some form of PCBs. However it ismentioned in "Hazardous Wastes Management & Handling Rules -1989" that."Theoccupier generating hazardous wastes listed in schedule (attached) in quantities equal toor exceeding the limits given in the schedule shall take all practical steps to ensure thatsuch wastes are properly handled and disposed off without any adverse effects whichmay result in such wastes and the occupier shall also be responsible for propercollection, reception, treatment, storage and disposal of these wastes". As per theschedule under waste category no.6 the disposal .of over 5OKg of halogenatedhydrocarbons per year is regulated under hazardous wastes regulations. Hence anyorganization like UPSEB that holds significant numbers of capacitors or transformerswhich contaih PCBs would be regulated.

One of the critical issue in regulation of PCBs is the selection of PCB concentralion in anoil that makes it toxic and hazardous . 1There are oils containing small concentrations ofPCBs often caused by cross contaminations or previous poor cleaning of equipment.

23

However, 50 ppm of PCB has been selected by most countries as "cut off' concentrationfor classifying PCB materials as toxic and hazardous..

6.4 Costs for PCB Management

The cost of PCB management and disposal depends on a number of factors and severalmethods available for destruction of PCCBs. A, study conducted by World Bank inOctober, 1996 titled "Management of PCBs - India" suggests that the cost can vary oncase to case basis from Rs. 10/Kg to Rs. 500/Kg and a figure of approx. Rs.45-5OJKgwould apply to most of the cases . The importance of containing PCBs ,to separate themfrom general environment is, paramount .For example one tonne of PCB transformer oilwould contain atleast 50% PCB compounds (500 Kg). Hence , destruction of a tonne ofoil could cost perhaps Rs.50,000 (@ Rs.100/Kg) . If however this transformer oil is nothandled properly and gets spilt or mixed with soil to give a PCB concentration of 500ppm then the 500 Kg of original PCB compound would be dispersed in 1 million Kg ofsoil. Hence even @ Rs. 10/Kg of destruction the cost would rise to Rs. 10,000,000 i.e.nearly 200 time of previous cost.

6.5 Investigation of PCB based Electrical Equipments in UPSEB

6.51 Status of PCB based Transformers

Transformers manufactured indigenously do not contain PCBs. This statement isalso corroborated by statement recorded in the World Bank document titled"Management of PCBs - India" wherein BHEL has reported that they have not producedany transformer with PCBs.

I'CB presence is a possibility in imported transformers (imported before 1985). Adetailed investigation was carried out by Electricity Sub-station Design Circle ,Lucknowto identify imported transformers purchased before 1985 . This cut off year has beendecided upon by keeping inview the final restrictions on use of PCBs as published byUS EPA in 1985.

About 16 nos. imported transformers of various capacities manufactured by followingforeign companies are in use in U.P.S.E.B.:-

1) Mitsubishi ,Japan - 8 nos.2) Hitachi , Japan - 8 nos.

These transformers are installed at Locations as described below:

1) Meduadih 132 KV -1x 20 MVA - Hitachi2) Sarnath 132 KV -lx 20 MVA - Hitachi (Now transferred to Obra TPS)3) Sahupuri 220 KV - lx20 MVA - Hitachi4) Mainpuri 220 KV - 2x6OMVA - Hitachi5) Panki 220 KV - I x I OOMVA - Hitachi

24

6) Allahabad 220 KV - 1x100MVA - Hitachi7) Firozabad 220 KV - I x60MVA - Hitachi8) Gorakhpur 220 KV - 2 No.3x33MVA- Mitsubishi9) Meerut 220 KV - 2x150 MVA - Mitsubishi10)Sahupuri 220 KV - 2x150 MVA - Mitsubishi1 l)Saharanpur 220KV - Ix100 MVA -Mitsubishi12)Rishikesh 220 KV - I x 100 MVA -Mitsubishi

It is proposed to get atleast two samples each of both the manufactures MWs Hitachi &M/s Mitsubishi tested for PCB contamination by August,1999. However, as per reportsavailable in APSEB after test sampling of transformer oils from old transformers of M/sMitsubishi (year of manufacturing 1967) ,M/s Toshiba (year of manufacturing 1964) thetotal PCB content in the samples was recorded at less than I ppm . Even the transformeroils tested in old transformers in use in Power Grid Corporation of India, theconcentration of PCB detected was less than 0.5 ppm . As PCB concentration in dialecticfluids, in equipment, with value of less than 50 ppm are considered non PCB by US-EPAwe can be hopeful that the PCB contents in the imported transformers of UPSEB wouldnot be of much concem However, specific PCB Management actions based on the actualtest reports of sample shall be formulated as defined in PCB Management Plan.

6.6 Status of PCB Based Capacitors

Capacitors of different ratings have been extensively used in power transmission anddistribution setup of U.P.S.E.B. The majority of capacitors installed have been procuredprimarily from MIS BHEL. Some of the capacitors have also been procured from M/SKhatau Junker Ltd., BBC & Canadian firms. Capacitors are sealed units from whichthere is no provision to draw sample of oil for testing presence of PCBs. The only way tofind out PCBs in capacitors is an indication on its name plate / manual . As recorded inthe document titled " Management of PCBs- India" by World Bank M/S BHEL havereported that capacitors with PCBs were manufactured by them during 1967-85. In theBHEL document "14 Years Production Of Capacitors" it has been recorded that as on31st Dec. 1988 about 1083 MVAR ( High voltage) capacitors were supplied by M/sBHEL to UPSEB,An exhaustive list of capacitors procured prior to 1985 is given inAttachment-10 Other manufacturers (besides M/s BHEL) have also been requested tointimate whether capacitors supplied by them prior to 1985 contained PCBs. The oilused in capacitors, is hardly 1 to 2 litters and capacitors being sealed units, do not raisemuch concern. However, safe disposal of phased out capacitors shall be carried out asdetailed below.

6.7 Safe Disposal of PCB Based Capadtors

The unserviceable PCB based capacitors have been traced (Attachment-10).As perSchedule-7 (since omitted) of Electricity (Supply )Act 1948 the life span of thecapacitors can be assumed as 25 years .Accordingly, on the basis of the year of purchaseof the capacitors, schedule for their phasing out is proposed as under:

25

No. of Capacitors Year by which to be phased out

3 2000I 200 14 20057 20069 20072 20088 2009

37 2010

The above listed capacitors will be kept at safe locations in a concrete vault. Thelocation of concrete vault shall be away from habitation and water supply system at aneleveted position so that it would not be flooded or exposed to high water table. Theconcrete vault can be of approximate size 3.5 x 3.5 ni with 150 mm thick concrete wallsand base floor. Representative drawing is given at Aittachment- I .The capacitors will beplaced inside the tank and intermediate space filled with excavated soil. There can be asmall risk that PCBs could leak out of the capacitor casing and also out of concrete vault. An inspection and monitoring programme would be beneficial to check the integrity ofcapacitors and vault. Due to veryAlittle probability of release from capacitors and vaultany inspection/monitoring would only be needed once in a year.

6.8 PCB Management Plans

Increasing concern over health hazards and environmental risk because of PCB basedequipment have resulted in banning of manufacturing of PCB based equipment . Formost applications PCBs have been replaced by safer substances such as silicons, synthetichydrocarbons and ester based materials. However initial extensive use of PCBs combinedwith an initial lack of recognition of their health hazards/environmental effects have ledto procurement of transformers/capacitors with PCB material prior to 1985 and these areeither in use at various sites or lying in unserviceable condition. Following steps are tobe ensured in a PCB Management Plan.

a) Identfication & Removal of PCB Contaminated Material

The transformers/capacitors purchased prior to 1985 have been identifiedTesting of transformer oil (representative sample from each make of transformerwhich could potentially have PCB contaminated miatter) will be completed by August,

1999, Necessary action to remove the PCB contaminated oil from thetransforrners

& phasing out of capacitors shall be taken as per program scheduled above.

b) Decontamination of PCB Articles

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Certain PCB waste such as contaminated containers & contaminated componentsremoved from PCB equipment shall be subjected to decontamination proceduresto reduce the PCB concentration below 50 ppm . This would then make the wastesuitable for disposal at landfill sites. To decontaminate a PCB article, thecontents should first be thoroughly drained. A solvent such as kerosene orturpentine should then be used to fill the article. Atleast 18 hours should beallowed to elapse before the article is drained. This rinsing procedure is repeatedthree times and the last rinse should be checked to ensure that PCB concentrationis less than 50 ppm. Further rinses may be required to bring PCB concentrationbelow 50 ppm. The solvent may be reused for rinsing purposes till its PCBcontent is within the permissible limit of 50 ppm . The contaminated solvent isthen disposed off as PCB waste. All decontaminated articles should be properlylabeled "DANGER- HAD CONTAINED CHEMICAL WASTE" in both Englishand local language.

c) Packaging, Labeling & Handling of PCB Waste

PCB liquid waste should be filled in adequately sealed and properly labeled goodconditioned steel drums of 16 gauge or heavier and fitted with double bung fixedends. The drums should be clearly marked 'DANGER - CHEMICAL (PCB)WASTE" in both English and local language along with chemical waste label.The drums should never be fully filled and a 100 mm air space should be allowedbetween the top of the drums and the level of liquid contents.

Solid PCB waste should be packed in heavy duty and leak proof polythene sacksand placed into new or good conditioned steel drums of No. 16 gauge or heavier,fitted with removable lids. The drums should be properly sealed and labeled"DANGER CHEMICAL (PCB) WASTE' in both English and local languagealongwith chemical waste label. Large PCB capacitors which do not fit intodrums should be inspected for leakage before packing .If they are in poorcondition, they shall be packaged in heavy duty and leak proof polythene sackswhich should then be stored in large steel containers surrounded by non-combustible absorbent material such as vermiculite. Scrap capacitors and theircontainers should be properly labeled and clearly marked "DANGER-CHEMICAL (PCB)WASTE" in both English and local language together withchemical waste label . The capacitors should be stored with terminals positioningupwards so as to prevent leakage from capacitors bushings.

(d) Transport

PCB waste should be transported by vehicles in good condition under thesupervision of experienced personnel and in compliance with followingconditions:

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* All loading & unloading operations should be carried out with care toavoid any damage which results in leakage & spillage.

* The drums /equipments must be clearly marked 'DANGER CHEMICAL(PCB) WASTE 'in both English and local language alongwith chemicalwaste label.

* The drums or equipment must be loaded and fastened securely so that theyare in a upright position and do not move about or fall off vehicle. Drainspouts,cooling tubes and bushings of transformers should be adequatelyprotected to prevent damage during transporL

* Vehicle should have hazard warming panels clearly marked with indelibleink against retro reflective background "DANGER CHEMICAL PCBWASTE".

* Vehicles must be equipped with safety equipment including anappropriate fire extinguisher for emergency use and a spill clean up kitconsisting of a spade, absorbent material and spare drums.

* The complete load should be covered with a tarpaulin to prevent rainwaterfrom contact with drums/equipment. Suitable bundling could be providedby placing sand bags around the cargoes.

e) Emergency Response

As a strategy to reduce risks associated with FCB articles and PCB wastes,emergency containment and cleanup procedures for accidental release of PCBinto environment due to a spill or fire shall be formulated appropriate for theirparticular situations. The procedures shall cover all relevant areas including:

- spill response- protective equipment- clearup procedures including validation of clean up.- storage & disposal of contaminated material- staff training.- UPSEB and regulatory authorities emergency contacts.

PCB liquids do not bun easily but the vapour can be extmely irritaIing. Somedecomposition products of PCBs are highly toxic . If there is any fre outbeak,the fire department should be contacted immediately and informed that fireinvolves PCBs . Foam or dry chemicals should be used to extinguish fure ratherthan water to mininize contaminated run off.

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First aid treatment for accidental contact with PCBs (as per the World Bank'spublication Management of PCBs - India") is proposed as under -

In case of First Action Second ActionPCB on skin wash with soap & water for Arrange immediate medical

_____________________ atleast 15 minutes treatment from specialistPCB in eyes Flush eyes with gentle -do-

steam of clean water for 15minutes keeping eyelidsapart.

PCB swallowed -Press down back of tongue -do-to induce vomiting-Do not give victimanything to drink.

Strong PCB fumes Take victim into fresh air -do-inhalation l

f) Storage

PCB wastes have to be properly stored before disposal arrangement are made. Anindoor storage site is preferable to outdoor one because it eliminates danger ofcontaminated rainwater run off. An ideal location will be the one having a non-corrosive atmosphere, good ventilation, normal room temp. of 25 C or lesser, drysurfaces and impermeable floor with no drains .If outdoor storage is chosen thensuitable fencing and impermeable floor should be provided. A roof or similarcovering is a must for outdoor location.

In case of liquid PCB waste precaution should be taken to keep items in closedareas adequate to contain any spillage or leakage. If spillage or leakage doesoccur immediate action is required to contain spillage by using suitable oilabsorbing material such as vermiculite or sand . Further ,following conditionsshould also be complied with Jor PCB storage.

- Do not stack containers of PCB waste one over the other.- Place metal drip tays underrain spouts on tmsformers.- Allow aisles between container and equipments to facUilitate regular

inspection- ' Keep frst aid & safety equipments handy.- Provide adequate fire fighting equipment- Keep record of all items entering and exiting the storage area.- -Do not store with flammable goods in same location.

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g) Disposal

A cost effective technology has not yet been developed for destruction of PCBs.The only safe destruction technique known is high temp. incineration (1200 deg.c for 2 secs). However, this technique is controversial as it does not preclude thepossibility of derivative (dioxin & foron) emissions ,chemical degradation, biodegradation and is complicated and expensive & not commercially viable.

However, low level contaminated wastes can be disposed off to a properlyengineered and operated land fill. Secure landfill should be designed in order toprevent seepage. Synthetic liner compatible to ;PCB waste with low permeability,durability and chemical resistance provides best solution for this purpose.Landfill or abandoned sites without any potential resource nearby are preferred.Necessary measures should be taken to prevent future use of the site. The PCBwaste threshold criteria for landfill shall be 50 mg/kg.

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I I II

CHAPTER-17

ANALYSIS OF ALTERtNATIVES

7.00 The analysis of various possible altemati.ves forms a very important part ofproject planning. For this a thorough & detailed reconnaisance survey of the entirestretch of land on both the sides of the shortest feasible route is carried out to identifythe environmental details.of route of proposed line and land for proposed sub-station.The details of forest areas, natural habitats, orcharlis, gardens, paddy fields, large lakes,high mountains, reservoirs, marshy places, religious places, tombs, villages,schools,hospitals, large play grounds, places of historical/cltural importance and all otherimportant details are marked on the latest topograplhical maps of the area.

7.10 After the above details have been collected and well marked on the topographicalmaps, the environmental advantages and disadvantages of the various alternatives areanalyzed for identifying the environmentally superior project alternative which fulfillsthe requirements of the Environmental Framework and Safeguard Policy of the UPSEBand at the same time, is also safe, reliable and economical.

7.20 For selection of the environmentally superior uransmission line route and the siteof the sub-station the basic p.-inciple of AVOIDANCE of the following is preferred:

1. Protected and Reserved foress bird sanctuaries, national parks, naturalhabitats of foreign species etc.

2. High mountains, steep slopes with cliffs and huge boulders, hilly terrainprone to land slides, large lakes ,reservoirs, marshy places, wild lands etc.

3. Structures and places of cultural/historical importance, religious places,tourist places etc.

4. Human habitats, villages, schools , hospitals, large playgrounds and otherestablishments.

5. Areas/land subject to drainage, submergence, settlement and erosion problems.6. Interference with railway circuits, telecommunication lines and other

transmission/distribution lines.

It is not always possible to avoid all the above features and even when it is possible thenit sometimes has excessive cost impacts.

7.30 After identifying the various possiblelfeasible alternatives having no or minimalenvironmental adverse impacts , comparative studies of these alterves are executed towork out the cost ec=oomy of these alternatives . For these comparative studies thefollowing components are analyzed:

(i) The length of various alternatives together with their costs .(ii) The costs involved in providing afforestation to compensate for the forest

area which may get damaged , if unavoidable .

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(iii) The compensation which may have to be paid to the farmers /villagers forthe loss of their agricultural lands, gardens, crops etc. .

(iv) Costs expected to be incurred on construction of permanent/temporaryapproach.

(v) Costs involved in construction of costly structures such as river crossingsetc.

(vi) Disturbances which may be caused to the Railway circuits,Telecommunication lines and other power transmnission/distribution lines,together with the costs involved in construction of special linecroSings.

(vii) Risks which may be involved to the civil/military airplanes and costsinvolved in their mitigation.

(viii) Numbers and types of angle points involved and whether they are withinthe permissible deviations.

(ix) Possible hindrances/delays which may have to be encountered duringconstruction ,operation & maintenance stages.

Through these comparative analysis the route which is found to be feasible, safe,economical and shortest with least possible adverse environmental impacts is selectedand approved for taking up the construction work.

7.40 ComDarative studies/analysis of various alternative routes has followingadvantages:

(i) Minimum possible environmental adverse impacts are caused.(ii) The construction cost is kept optimum .(iii) Possible delay and hindrances likely to be encountered during,

construction, operation and maintenance stages are foreseen well inadvance and required measures are planned accordingly to meet anyexigencies.

(iv) Actions for getting requisite approvals from the Forest Authorities, PowerTelecommunication Co-ordination Committee (PTCC) and otherauthorities are planned and taken well in advance.

(v) Procurement of materials/parts and conuction activities are properlyplanned which results in the saving of construction time through timesavings.Wastages are also reduced to minimum possible limits.

(vi) Provisions for futue extensions are made before taking up theconstruction of the projecLt

(vii) Works are executed according to the planned schedules and within hefixed target dates.

7.50 After, selecting the route by analysis of altnatives the detailed survey of theentire area is done. In the detailed survey following activities are carried out:

(i) Profile leveling is done along the selected route alignmenL For thispurpose leveling instruments of high precision are used. Normally, the

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levels are recorded for 30M interval locations along the route and 50 Mon both the sides of the route. All ground details of the right of way arecorrectly marked on the detailed plans.

(ii) The details, including the angles and locations, of crossings of highways,railway circuits, Telecommunication lines, other power lines, rivercrossing etc. are correctly measured and recorded. The exact locations,shapes and boundaries of these are also clearly marked.

(iii) Levels taken on ground and locations are plotted on the graph sheets witha scale of lCm = 20 Meters(Horizontal) and lCm = 2 meters (Vertical)

(iv) Tower spotting and fixing of angle pDints are done on the basis of detailedsurvey.

7.60 Site for the sub-station is finalized after analyzing the following informations:

(i) Availability of Government/Gram Samaj lands.(ii) Availability of private lands, and theiir costs.(iii) Expected Social and Environmental impacts in selecting different lands

and compensations which may be recquired to be paid for them.(iv) Availability of barren /waste lands.(v) Forests , agricultural lands , gardens , orchards etc.(vi) Chances of submergence , erosion, land settlements, land slides, drainage

problems etc.

On the basis of the above informations the land which is technically most suitable andhas least social and environmental impacts is selected for sub-station. Govt. land, wasteland, barren land /dry agricultural land are given preference in the same order.A formatfor comparative statement of sites for sub-stations is enclosed as attachment- 12.

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# z z l fIiI

CHAPTER-8

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TRANSMISSION PROJECTS

The protection and improvement of environment is a major issue which affects the wellbeing of people and economic development of the country. The gravity and importanceattached to the environmental conditions is so great that all industries, processes andoperations etc., how-so-ever important they may be, must be considered and classified inthe light of their impacts on the environmenL

1.00 Electric Power Transmission System

The electricity power transmission system includes and incorporates the transmissionline, its right of way (ROW) , switchyards, sub-stations and access or maintenance roads. The principle structures of the trmission line include the line itself, conductors,towers and supports etc. and the voltage/capacity of the transmission lines affects thesizes required for these principal structures. The ROW in which the transmission line isconstructed can range in width from 7 to 85 meters. Transmission lines are primarilyoverhead systems. Underground transmission lines are technically feasible but are verycostly.

2.00 Potential Environmental Impact

The Environmental impacts of the power transmission system can be classified andlisted as below:

2.10 Major Impacts

1) Loss of vegetation2) Loss of forests3) Change in land use4) Loss of human habitats and involuntary resettlement5) EMF induced effects on telecommunication lines,6) Environmental hazards due to use of hazardous substances (viz. PCB's) in the

equipments.7) Impact on culuralhistorical heritage of the area.

2.20 Minor Inpacts1) Electrocution hazards2) Noise problems in sub-stations3) Ckemical contamination of the sites.4) Fire hazards5) Air craft hazards6) Loss of sensitive areas such as wild lands, wet lands, birds / wild life

sanctuaries.

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Further elaboration on the above listed impacts is as below:

A) Electric Power transmission systems have greatest impact on land resources. Adedicated ROW for transmission line is required. Grazing and other agricultural usesare usually not precluded in ROWs, but other uses are generally not compatible .Although ROWs are generally not very wide, they can interfere with, or fragment,existing land uses along the ROW. Long transmission lines will affect more areas andresult in more significant impacts . Further, tiansmission line can open up more remotelands to human activities such as setllement ,agriculture, hunting, recreation etc.Theseeffects can be significant if natural areas such as wvet lands or wild lands are affectedor if newly accessible lands are home of indigenous people. Power line ROWs, whenproperly managed, can be beneficial to wildlife . Cleared areas can provide feeding andresting sites for birds and mammals. The 'edge' effect is well documented whereby thereis increased habitat diversily resulting at the contact between ROW and exitingvegetation.Power lines and structures can serve as nesting sites and perches for manybirds.

B) The environmental impact of loss of vegetation ,because of clearingvegetation from ROW, can be further negatively compounded if the methodologyadopted for clearing the vegetation is wrongly decided upon e.g. broadcast aerialspraying of herbicides.T.'.is should be avoided because it affords no selectivity , releasesunnecessarily large amount of chemicals into the environment and being an unpreciseapplication technique may result in contamination of surface waters and terrestrial foodchains as well as elimination of desirable species and direct poisoning of wild life .However, efforts should be made for regeneration along the ROW except in one strip ofapprox. 3 meter width, which should be kept clear for maintenance.

C) Placemcnt of low-string lines or lines near human activity increases the riskfor electrocution . Proper care during design and conformity to Indian ElecticityRules (1956) should be the guiding principles in respect of road crossing, railwaycrossings , power line crossings, and other human habitats on route of transmissionsystem.

D) The electric power transmission lines create electro magnetic fields (EMF).The strengths of these fields increases with the increase in line capacity and decreaseswith distance away from transmission lines. No consensus has been achieved on topic ofspecific biological responses to EMF but evidences suggest that health hazards mayexisL In certain developed countries rules regulating EMFs, associated with high-voltagetransmission lines, have alrady been promulgated

E) Cultural heritage refers to sites, structues and remains of archaeological,historical, religious ,cultural or aesthetic value. Conservation of cultural heritagepromotes social cohesion by affirming the significance of past artistic, scientific orcultural contributions. Conserving heritage extends focus beyond everyday allegiancesand in doing so give a larger time perspective. Further cultural heritage is of economicimportance as a productive activity with tourism business heavily dependent on cultural

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heritage and the associated revenue potential being an important source of income formaintaining the sites. Improperly designed projects can damage cultural heritage anddiminish its value through unregulated building activities . Moreover even in the stageof execution of project, care is to be taken, because not all cultural heritage is known inadvance making it more necessary to proceed carefully with earth-moving or otheractivities that might damage or destroy heritage.

3.00 Environimental Impads at different Project Stages

The above mentioned environmental impacts could ocxur during different stages of aproject life viz. Planning, Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Powertransmission line.

3.10 Planning Stage

a) Impacts In sensitve Areas

In the ROW of a transmission project environmental sensitive areas such asreserve forests, wild lands, wet lands, bird or wild life sanctuaries, bird habitats,culturally and historically important reserves may come across Due to inherent

flexibility in route selection these features are eliminated and impact on sensitiveareas is negligible.

b) Loss of Human Habitations

No habitations are normally acquired for lines and sub-stations. An inherentflexibility of route selection eliminates major impacts.

c) Impact on Land Use

In order to avoid environmentally sensitive areas the towers and sub-stations are usually placed in agricultural lands . Land required for layingtransmission lines and construction of sub-stations in very less .About 40Sqm. minimum land is required for each tower of 132 KV line. Thecorresponding figures for 220 KV and 400 KV are 100 Sqm. and140 Sqm . UPSEB plans to erect towers after harvesting of crop. Underemergencies and to meet targets, if constrction is taken up during harvestperiod crops are damaged temporarily. UPSEB pays compensation fordamaged crop as per existing rulesAfter erection of towers the land owner ispermitted to cultivate the land beneath the towers and lines . For sub-stationsthe location is finalized as far as possible on ben lands having access roads.Under circumstances of non-availability of barren lands,dry agricultual landare acquired for sub-stations. Though some extent of agricultumal land is lostfor construction of sub-stations, cultivable areas in the respective regions is

36

improved due to improvement of volta4e in power supply and therebyinstallation of more agricultural pumpsets. Especially in areas where canalirrigation is not there, agricultural economy is improved.

d) Aviation hazards due to transmission towers and substations are avoided byprocess of flexibility in route selection of transmission lines.

3.20 Construction Stage

a) Improper grading of sub-station sites and tower locations cause drainageand erosion problems.

b) Landslide impacts are possible which are taken care of by designing thetower bases and revetments that prevent soil erosion near the tower.

c) Transmission lines are short gestation projects where the necessity ofconstruction of temporary shelter for workers by the contractors is uncommon

d) Electrocution hazards due to public access to towers and sub-stations arenegligible. However, fencing of area is done to avoid possible accidents.

e) When power line passes parallel to telecommunication lines electricalinterferences are caused to telecom lines due to electromagnetic inductions.

f) Storage and liquid impoundment areas for fuels, raw materials, in-processmaterials.solvents, wastes and finished products should be designed withsecondary containment to prevent spills/leakages and contamination of soil /

surface water.g) Transformer or equipment containing polychlorinated bi phenyls (PCB) or

.PCB contaminated oil should not be installed and existing equipment at sitewhich involves PCBs should be phased out and disposed off.

h) Processes, equipment and central cooling system involving the use, orpotential release to environment ,of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), includinghalon should not be installed and their use in existing processes and systemsshould be phased out & disposed off.

Operation & Maintenance Stage

a) To maintain ROW,growth of trees under the ROW of transmission lines iscontrolled by cutting and trimming them to maintain clearances as per

Electricity Supply) Act 1948/Forest Conservation Act 1980.To minimize damageto vegetation and habitat fragmentation UPSEB utilizes hand or mechanicalclearing operations.Preservationof vegetation underfbeneath transmission lines isencouraged.Habitat fragmentation and invasion of exotic vegetation species doesnot occur.

b) Unusual noise from transformers may occur due to loss of core-bolts. coeplates, coil clamps,loose external fittings and mechanical forces due to shortcircuits.

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c) Oil leakages through the joints of transformers may occur due to defectivepacking and improper tightening.

d) Fire hazards may occur due to ignition of insulating oil in the oil filledswitchgears and transformner units.

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I I I

CHAPTER-9

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEM1NT PLANS

9.0 In chapter -8 the environmental impacts, which are possible when thetransmission lines and Sub-stations are constructed , have been enumerated . While theprojects are being planned , constructed and maintaiDned /operated the mitigationmeasures are required to be taken for addressing tbese environmental impacts . Themitigation measure for various possible environmental impacts are suggested in thisChapter. Institutional anrangements for implementation, monitoring and training aspectsare also discussed in this Chapter.

9.1 Mitigation Measures

The mitigation measures proposed for planning, construction, operation and maintenancestages of the transmission projects are suggested as unider

9.11 Mitigation measures for planning stage:

(a) The environmentally sensitive areas such as reserved forests. wild lands, wetlands, natural habitats of indigenous and foreign birds, bird sanctuaries, wildlife sanctuaries and culturally/historically important places are as far aspossible, avoided while deciding the route: of the transmission line. When it

is not possible/feasible to avoid the reserved forests, compensatory afforestaionprocedures, as laid down in the Forest Ccinservation Act .1980 are followed.

(b) While finalizing the route of the transmiision line, the environmentallyadverse features like high mountains, huge boulders, steep slopes, hillyareas prone to land slides, large lakes, reservoirs, large stretches of brokenlands, marshy places ,religiousplaces, schools, hospitals, large playgrounds, other establishments and villages etc. are also avoided.

(c) As far as possible, human habitations, gardens and agricultural lands areavoided while deciding the route of vrinsmission lines or site of Sub-stationbut when it is not possible/feasible to avoid these then suitable compensationis paid and resettlement and rehabilitation of affected population, is done asper the normnsciteria fixed under the Social policy and procedures of theUPSEB formulated separately.

(d) While selecting the site for Sub-station, prionty is given to theGovenmment land ,barren or waste land, dry agricultural land in the ordermentioned so that the loss of agricultural resources and of land use isminimized.

(e) Routes through nesting sites and crucial bird habitats are avoided to preventaviation hazards.

(f) Polychlorinated biphenyles are not allowed to be used in any equipmentbecause they are environmentally hazardous.

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(g) Crossing with milway circuits and telecommunication lines are suitablydesigned so as to avoid EMF interference

(h) The specification of these are so framed that noise levels are withinprescribed limits.

9.12 Mitigation measures for construction stage

(a) Although during the planning stage itself the possibility of erosion problem istaken care of by avoiding sloped areas but to elimina tke erosion problems altogether,the level of switchyards of the Sub-station is kept aileast 500 mm higher than the highestflood level (HFL) of the area and a good drainage system is also provided to ensurequick run off. The levels of the switchyard are also fixed in such a manner that the areais well graded/sloped so that there is no possibility of stapation of water. Transmissiontowers are to be so pliced that there is no possibility of erosion problems cropping up.

(b) If it is not possible to keep the level of switchyard higher than HFL becauseof excessive cost involvement then dike bunds and/or embankments are to be provided.In any case the equipments have to be installed at levels higher than HFL.

(c) Problem of erosion is also mitigated by constructing retaining walls andstone pitching. To prevent the erosion of tower pads in case of wet lands the towerfoundations are designed with extra care and revetment is done around tower basis.Foundation of towers to be laid in the rivers are designed with utmost care by specialistin the field.

(d) Construction activities are avoided in the cropping season.

(e) Modern and best technologies and cquipments are adoptcd/used to ensure leastpollution due to construction activities.(f) Safety measures are adopted to minimize the possibility of any accidentsduring construction periods.(g) When the PTCC approval is sought, sometimes MTC, while communicating itsapproval, suggests several protection measures to be implemented to eliminate thechances of electrical interferences to telecom lines due to induced voltages. Theprotection measures may include installation of Gas Discharge (GD) Tubes, cabling oradoption of microwave system to telecom. lines.

(i) Installation of GD Tubes: These are restoring type glass tubes filledwith inert gas. When the fault current due to induction, arises andexceeds ceain limits,the gas in the GD tubes become conductingand induced voltages are earthed withot causing affect to telecom.lines. After discharge of high voltage,the GD tubes reto its normalconditions and become non-conducting.

(ii) Cabling:_When a number of GD tubes are necessitated forprotection, underground Telecom cable is used in place of overheadlines. The metallic jelly, provided around the cable having telecomlines, transfers the induced voltages to the earth.

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(iii ) Microwave System: Where many telecom lines pass parallel to thepower line and where economy in cost is not a crucial factor,

microwave system is provided.Comrmunication signals are transmittedthrough microwave towers, installed at high elevations and therefore,interferences with power lines are eliminated altogether.

(iv) Clearan In order to minimize EMF interferences, the followingminimum clearances between the power lines and telecommunicationlines are maintained:

Line Capacity Minimum clearanceUpto 33/66KV 2.44 meters66 KV to 132 KV 2.75 meters132 KV to 220 KV 3.05 meters

(h) The access of public, children and animals to the Sub-station area andtransmission line towers are restricted to eliminate the chances of accidentsdue to electrocution and fire hazards. For this purpose this sub-stationareas are well protected/secured by providing woven wire fencingconsisting of barbed wires fixed to the RCC posts or angle iron posts.Switchyard areas are sometime enclosed by pale fencing. For restrictingaccess to towers of transmission lines, barbed wire fencing and anti-climbing devices are provided. In addition to these arrangement, dangersignal boards/notices are installed at all crucial points. Distributiontransformers are well fenced and smaller equipments are installed on poleswith anti-climbing devices. All installation are made as per electricity actand are periodically inspected .

(i) The following clauses are included in the tender specification andagreements so that contractors are made responsible for implementing themitigative measures required for environmental impacts:

(i) The ground clearances work required for starting for constructionwork, shall be done by the contractor only by manual or mechanicalmethods and no chemicals methods will be allowed to be adopted.

(ii) The contractor shall provide proper drainage system to ensure thatthe area of construction is not flooded or eroded .For this no extrapayment will be admissible.

(iii) The contractor shall make himself fully acquainted with theenvironmental policy of UPSEB and required mitigation measuresand shall be responsible for implementing these measures, as per thedirections of the engineer-in-charge, for which no extra payment willbe admissible.

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(iv) The contractor shall make all necessary arrangement to eliminate thechances of accidents.

9.13 Mitigation Measures for Operation and Maintenance Stage

(a) Only manual or mechanical methods are adopted for clearing the right-off-way (ROW) area to minimize the chances of damage to vegetationand habitat fragmentation. No chemical methods are adopted for'maintenance of ROW.

(b) Regeneration of vegetation beneath the transmission lines are encouragedto avoid habitat fragmentation and edge effects.

(c) To abate the fire hazards latest technologies (like sprinkler system etc.)are adopted. the equipments are replaced from time to time, by the latestprevalent equipment/systems. For this the guidance/help of the fire controlwing of the UPSEB and State/Central Govt. is taken.

(d) To ensure minimum environmental impact due to oil leakages fromtransformers and other equipments the oil seals are regularly checked andremedial measures are immediately taken.

(c) To minimize the noise pollution the core belts, core plates, coil clampsand extemal fittings are regularly checked and , if required, tightened Tominimize the noise pollution due to strong/storny winds thc vibrationdampers are provided with the conductors.

(0 Preventive mechanism are installed on all sub-stations and transmissionlines for preventing accidents due fire hazards, electrocution hazards andother potential dangers.

(g) First aid kits are kept readily available at the sub-stations.

(h) Safe,efficient and advanced technologies are adopted for operation andmaintenance activities for ensuring safety.

(i) Public awareness regarding possible hazards/risks, is created throughdistribution of pamphlets, notice boards, personal contracts and throughN.G.Os

9.14 Cost Provision for the mitigation measures is made in the projects andaccordingly the budget provision is made.

9.15 A chart showing the authorities responsible for implementation of variousactivities during the planning,construction. operation and maintenance stages of

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the transmission projects is given in Attachment-13.A chart showing potentialnegative impacts and mitigation measures is given at Attachment -14

9.20 Monitoring

The monitoring of thc mitigation measures is done regularly by the officers byconducting inspections of construction sites and sub-stations and also through reviewmeetings. Check lists for these inspections is enclosed at Attachment- 15 .The followingissues shall be monitored very carefully to ensure the effectiveness of mitigationmeasures and to take timely corrective/remedial measu res.

9.21 During Construction Stage

(a) That the vibration dampers have been properly fixed to conductors.

(b) That the quality of the construction of the foundations of the transformTrline towers and Sub-station structures, is as per the required specificationsand the materials being used are of desired quality/strength.

(c) That the safety norms are being strictly followed by the contractor. Thisis essential for minimizing the chances of accidents.

(d) That the equipments are being properly stored, transported, handled andplaced in place. This is necessary to eliminate the chances of damages tothe equipments.

(c) That the standard rules and specifications are bcing followed whilepulling and tightening the conductors.

(f) That proper arrangements have been made by thecontractor fordrainage of the undesirable water in and around the construction area.

(g) That minimum, if any, crops are disturbed/damaged due to transportationof materials/structures and construction activities.

(h) That area is properly fenced to restrain the entry of ignorant villagers,animals and cattle etc. and anti-climbing devices are properly fixed.

9.22 During Operation and Maintenance Stage:

(a) Roads, pathways, soling, culverts, bu;ildings, switchyards, towers etc. areto be regularly inspected to ensure that there is no water logging in andaround them and also that erosion problem is not cropping up.

(b) Sub-station land, access roads and ROW are to be regularly inspected toensure that these areas are not being encroached by undesirable elements.

(c) Clearance of undesirable growths in the Sub-stations and ROW is to be, regularly done. Trees in the ROW are also to be trimmed regularly to keep

the desired clearance between trees and conductors maintained.(d) All joints, are to be checked daily and tightened to eliminate the chances

of leakage.

43

(e) Fire safety equipment are to be checked daily to ensure that they arealways in working condition.

(f) There should be no undesirable and unrequired materials in the Sub-station.area, ROW and around the transmission line towers.

(g) Nuts and bolts of all the structures, towers and other equipment are tobe regularly checked and tightened/replaced. as required.

9.30 Organization structure for implementation of EMPs.The U.P. State Electricity Board has a separate transmission organization, headedby Member (Transmission) which is responsible for designing, construction,operation and maintenance of all the Sub-stations and lines of voltage capacity of132 KV, 220 KV, 400 KV and above. There is one Chief Engineer (Level-I)of

E&M cadre and one Chief Engineer(Level-I) of Civil cadre. Chief Engineer(T)is in-charge of all the activities in the entire State

9.31 Field Organization:The transmission network of the State is further devided into three zones headedby Chief Engineer (Level-Il) having headquarters at Lucknow (Central Zone),

Allahabad (Eastern Zone) and Meerut (Western Zone). In each Zone there areseveral circles headed by Superintending Engineer (EITC) under whom fewE xecutive Engineers (Electricity Transmission Division) and one ExecutiveEngineer (Test and Commissioning) are posted. Under Executive Engineers thereare Sub-divisional Officers/Assistant Engineers, Junior Engineers and oLherSupervisory/Clerical staff.

9.40 RESPONSIBILITIES

The transmission organization (construction and maintenance wing) is responsiblefor following works:-

(A) DURING PLANNING/ CONSTRUCTION STAGE

1. Carrying out the preliminary survey and submitting the data/reports to theDesign Wing and other concerned offices.

2. Collecting the details and data related to EMPs/RAPs and preparation ofEMPs and RAPs.

3. Environmental and Social screening of the Transmission lines and Sub-stations: in the light of the Environmental and Social Policies.

4. Environmental and Social assessment, public consultation etc..S. Finalization of the right-of-way(ROW) for transmission lines and location of

Sub-stations.6. Land acquisition and interaction with revenue authorities and other offices

for this purpose.7. Obtaining forest clearance and PTCC clearance etc.8. Getting done the valuation of land and assets to be acquired for construction

of lines and Sub-stations.

44

9. Assessment of crop damage due to the project and also during theconstruction .

10. Implementation of the Environment Management Plans including creatingpublic awareness.

11. Implementation of Rehabilitation & Resettlement Action Plans includingpayment of compensation .

12. Arrangement of materials required for construction.13. Erection of towers, lines and Sub-stations.14. Testing of all the lines and of Sub-stations.15. Obtaining the permission for commissioning of the lines from competent

authorities.16. Charging of lines and commissioning of Sub-stations.17. Fixing danger/warning signs and boards for public awareness.

(B) DURING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE STAGE

1. Ensuring uninterrupted power supply.2. Operation and maintenance of Sub-stations and lines.3 Inspection and patrolling of lines and Sub-stations and rectifying the defects.

identified.4. Attending breakdowns of lines and Sub-stations.5. Maintenance of ROW area by clearing the undesirable growths trImming of

trees to permissible levels.6. Removing the unauthorized encroachments on the Sub-station land and ROW

area.7. Checking of missing tower parts and rectifying them.8. Checking broken insulators and rectifying them.9. Checking of loose jumpers and rectifying them.10. Checking of vibration dampers and rectifying them.11. Checking of leakage of transformer/circuit breaker oil and rectifying them.12. Checking of drainage arrangements and erosion problems in the Sub-station

area and tower pads and taking remedial measures.13. Removing the undesirable/foreign materials from the towers, Sub-station and

surrounding areas.14. Checking of unusual sounds in various equipment and taking remedial

measures.15. Checking the fire fighting equipment daily and rectify defects.16. Controlling the fires in case of fire hazards.

17. Providing first aid medical help to departmental as well as other persons/cattleinjured due to power transmission activities and taking them to nearesthospital/doctor.

18. Checking whether danger/warning signs are properly fixed, visible andunderstood.

19. Behaving properly and respectfully with people living around the Sub-stationand ROW.

45

9.41 DESIGN WING OF TRANSMISSION ORGANIZATION

There is one Chief Engineer (Level-II) of the E&M cadre assisted bySuperintending Engineers( responsible for different Zones/Projects),Executive Engineers & Assistant Engineers who carry out the design work of theentire transmission wing. This wing is established at Lucknow. The Design Wingis responsible for the following activities:-

(1). Finalizing the layout of the Sub-stations and transmission lines.(2) Designing the various structures at the switchyard and transmission line

towers(3) Inviting, processing and getting decided the tenders for transformers.

and other equipment.and also for construction of Sub-stations andtransmission lines.

(4) Advising and coordinating with field units.(5) Guiding and assisting the field units for finalizing the sites of Sub-stations

and routes of transmission lines .(6) Providing help to field units, if and when required, in obtaining clearance

from Forest Department and PTCC etc.(7) Obtaining approvals from Board' s level.

9.42 CIVIL WING

There is separate Civil Wing, headed by a Chief Engineer , which carries out thedesigning and construction works of all the civil structures of transmission Sub-slations including rcsidential/non-residential buildings and special types of towerfoundations such as river crossing etc.

9.43 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CELL

UPSEB has created a separate Social and Environmental Cell under ChiefEngineer (Planning) which is responsible for preparing the Social Policy andEnvironmental Safegaurds of the Board. It will also guide the transmissionorganization for preparation and implementation of the EMPs and RAPs.

9.50 TRAINING

The training will be imparted to the field officers/staff to upgrade their skills andto make them conversant with the environmental issues and mitigation measuresproposed for tackling these issues. For this purpose experts in the field ofenvironmental studies are to be engaged. The training programmes will beorganized by the Director General, Human Resources DevelopmentDirectorate,UPSEB,Dehradun.

46

The training programme shall cover the following fields

(1) Land acquisition , possible bottlenecks and guidance to tackle them.(2) Board 's Environmental and Social Policies.(3) Environmental and Social screening of the projects.(4) Analysis of alternative routes of transmission lines and Sub-stations in the

light of Environmental and Social Policies of the Board.(5) Preparation of Environmental Management Plans.(6) Preparation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Action Plans.(7) Implementation of Environmental Management Plans and Rehabilitation &

Resettlement Action Plans.(8) Monitoring during the construction, operaion and maintenance stages.

47

ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Potential Negative Impacts midgatmnp MeasuresDirect

1. Vcgetation damage,habitat loss, and invasion by exotic species 1. * Utilize appropriate clearing techniques,(e.g.hand cicaring versusalong the ROW and access roads and around substation sites. mechanized clearing).

* Maintain native ground cover beneath lines* Replant disturbed sites* Manage ROWs to maximize wildlife benefits.

2. I-labitat fragmentation or disturbance 2. * Select ROW to avoid important natural areas such as wildlandsand sensitive habitats.

* Maintain habitat (i.e.,native vegitation)beneath lines.* Make provisions to avoid interfering with natural fire regimes.

3. Increased access to wildlands. 3. * Select ROW to avoid sensitive wildlands.* Develop protection and management plans for these areas.* Use discontinuous maintenance roads.

4. Rzuunoff and sedimentation from grading for access roads,tower 4. * Select ROW to avoid impacts to water bodies,floodplains, andpads,and substation facillities, and alternation of hydrological wetlands.patterns due to maintenance roads. * Install sediment taraps or screens to control runoff and

sedimentation.* Minimize use of fill dirt.* Use ample culverts.* Design drainage ditches to avoid affecting nearby lands.

.5. L.oss of land use and population relocation due to placement of 5. * Select ROW to avoid important social,agricultural,and culturalt(owers and substations. resources.

* Utilize alternative tower design to reduce ROW width requir-ments and minimize land use impacts.

48

Direct(Continued)6. Chemical contamination from chemical maintenance techniques7. Avian hazards from transmision lines and towers 7. * Select ROW to avoid important bird habitats and flight routes.

* Install towers and lines to minimize risk for avian ha7ards.* Install deflectors on lines in areas with potential for birds

Collisions.

8. Aircraft hazards from transmission lines and towers 8. * Select ROW to avoid airport flight paths.* Install markers to minimize risk of low-flying aircraft.

9. Induced effects from electgromagnetic fields. 9. * Select ROW to avoid areas of human activity.1O.Impaired cultual or aesthetic resouces because of visual impacts. lO.t' Select ROW to'avoid sensitive areas,including tourist sites and

vistas.* Construct visual buffers.

* Select appropriate support structure design ,materials,&finishes.

4 Use lower voltage,DC system,or underground cable to reduceor

eliminate visual impacts of lines,structures, and ROWs.

Indirect ~~DMY~,~ ntu nlin OfS ie I. Induuced secondary development during construction in the ;. vrovide ROW.i.i to avoid epnettiv nac,in Juding toutistsites &

surrounding area. vistas.$ Construct visual buffers.* Select appropriate suupport structure design,materials, and

finishes.* Use lower voltage,DC system, or underground, cable to reduce

or leiminate visual impact of lines, structures, and ROWs.

2. Increased access to wildlands. 2. * Route ROW away from wildlanids$ Provide access control

49

p.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J

CHAPTER- 10

PUBLIC AWAREMESS

10.0 Transmission projects do not create much environmental impacts and do notresult in resistance from public, NGO's or otler social organizations on accountof environmental issues. Inspite of this UPSEB considers it necessary thatpublic is made aware of the possible environmental impacts, howsoever minorthese may be. For this purpose public contact drives shall be organized by thefield units and public awareness shall also be created through NGO's and othersocial organizations active in the affected areas. During the public awarenessdrives it is to be ensured that only accurate information is given about theproject and its possible environmental impacts. Public suggestions shall begiven due weightage and good suggestions shall be incorporated in Environ-mental Management Plans, selection of route of the transmission line andselection of site of Sub-station.

10.10 The first step of the public awareness program is the publication of thePublic Notification in the local news papers as per the section 29 of Electricity

(Supply) Act, 1948 in which details of the proposed project are given.Through this notification the objections are invited from the public. Theobjections are to be filed within a period of 60 days from the date ofpublication of notification.Thc next steps of the program is holding of themeetings and discussions with the public during the reconnaissance survey andagain during the detailed survey / tower spotting.

10.11 Creation of public awareness about the social impacLs of the project, iscovered in the Social Policy. This program has also to be implementedsimultaneously with the public awareness prngram about environmentalimpacts.

50

I

Aftchmwt -I

SPECIFIED PROJECT CATEGORIES AS LIS-TD IN SCHEDULE 1 OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACTASSESSMENT NOTIFICATION, 1994 (MOEF)

Following project categories are required to obtain environmental clearance, prior to establishingan industrial unit.

NEW PROJECTSFor industrial units in the following project categories, if investment is >Rs.50 crores:- Nuclear power plant & related projects, such as Heavy Water Plants, nuclear fuel

complex, rare earths;- River valley projects including hydel power, major irrigation projects and a

combination, including flood-control;- Ports, harbours, airports (except minor ports and harbours);- Petroleum refineries including crude and product pipeline;- Chemical fertilizers (Nitrogenous and Phosphatic other than single

Superphosphate);- Petrochemical complexes (both Olefinic and Aromatic) and Petrochemical

intermediates such as DMT --Caprolactam, LAB etc. and production of basic plasticsuch as LDPE, HDPE, PP, PVC.

- Exploration for oil and gas and their production, transportation and storage;- Synthetic Rubber- -Hydrocyanic acid and its derivatives;- Primary metallurgical industries (such as production of Iron and Steel, Aluminium,

Copper, Zinc, Lead and Fero Alloys);- EElectric Arc Furnaces (Mini Steel Plants);- Chlor alkali industry;- Viscose staple fibre and filarnent yarn;- Storage batteries integrated with manufacture of oxides of lead, lead antimony alloy;- Thermal Power Plants;- Pulp, paper and newsprint;- CementFor industial units in the following project categories, in=spective of the investment;- Pesticides (Technical);- Bulk drugs and pharmaceuticals;- Asbestos and asbestos products;- All tourism projects between 200-500 meters of High Tide Line & at locations with

an elevation > 1,000 meters with investments > Rs.5 crores;- Mining projects (with leases of more than 5 hectares);- Highway projects;- Tarred roads in the Himalayas and/or forest areas;

- Distilleries;- Raw skins and hides;- Dyes;- Foundries (individual);- Electroplating.

Note: Small scale industrial units intending to manufacture any item of the project categoriesmentioned above, with investments less than Rs. I crores and which is on the reserved list, areexempted from environmental clearance.

Who Requires Site Clearance ?Site clearance from the MOEF is to be obtained in case of the following projects:- Mining;- Pit-Head thermal power stations:- Hydropower, major irrigation projects and/or their combination including flood

control;- Ports and harbours (excluding minor ports);- Prospecting and exploration of major minerals in areas more than 500 hectares.

For obtaining site clearance, application is to be submitted giving the location of the projectalong with requisite details, to the MOEF. MOEF will convey its decision about the suitabilit'of the proposed site within a maximum period of 30 days.

FORM Attachment - 2

Form for seeking prior approval under section 2 of the proposals by the State Governments andother authorities.

(Sec rule 4)1. Project details:(i) Short narrative of the proposal and project/scheme for which the forest land isrequired.....(ii) Map showing the required forest area boundary of adjoining forest and item-wisebreakup of the required forest area for different purposes (to be authenticated by an officernot below the rank of Deputy Conservator of Forests)(iii) Total cost of the project ....(iv) Justification for locating the project in the forest area giving alternalives examined and

reasons for their rejection.....(v) Financial and social benefits...(vi) Total population benefited....(vii) Employment generated....2. Location of the project/Scheme:(i) State/Union Territory....(ii) District...(ii) Forest Division. Forest Block, Compartment, etc.3. Item-wise break-up of the total land required for the projectUschemc alongwith its

existing land use....4. Details of forest land involved:(i) 'Legal status of the forest (namely, reserve, protected/unclassed, etc)...-(ii) Details of flora and fauna existing in the area....(iii) l)ensity of vegetation.....(iv) Spices-wise and diameter class-wise abstract of tress.....(v) Vulnerability of the forest area to erosion, whether it forms a part of seriously erodedarea or not...(vi) Whether it forms a part of national park, wildlife sanctuary, natural reserve, biosphere

reserve, etc, and if so, details of the area involved. (Specific commenLs of the ChiefWildlife Warden to be annexed)....

(vii) Item-wise break-up of the forest land required for the projectlscheme for differentpurposes.....

(viii) Rare/endangered species of flora and fauna found in the area.....(ix) Whether it is a habitat for migrating fauna or fonns a breeding ground for them.(x) Any other significance of the area relevant to the proposal...

S. Details of displacement of people due to the project:(i) Total number of families involved in displaceent .(ii) Number of Schedule Castes/Scheduled Tribes families involved in displacemenL....(iii) Detailed rehabilitation plan....6. Details of compensatory afforestation scheme:

(i) Details of non-forest area/degraded forest area identified for compensatory afforestation,its distance from adjoining forests, number of patches, size of each patch.

(ii) Map showing non-forest/degraded forest a.rea identified for compensatory afforcstationand adjoining forest boundaries....

(iii) Detailed compensatory afforestation scheme including species to be planted.implementing agency, time schedule. cost structure, etc....(iv) Total financial outlays from compensatory afforestation scheme....

(v) Certificates from competent authority regarding suitability of area identified forcompensatory afforestatioin and from management point of view. (To be signed by anofficer not below the rank of Deputy Conservator of Forest)

(vi) Certificate from the Chief Secretary regarding non-availahility of the non-forest land forcompensatory afforestation b(if applicable)....

7. Details regarding Transmission Lines (only for Transmission Line Proposals:

(i) Total length of the Transmission Line.

(ii) Length passing through forest area.

(iii) Right of way ...

(iv) Numbcrs of towers to be erected...

(v) Number of Trowers to be erected in the forest area....

/l\) Height of Transmission Towers...

. D)erails of Irrigation/Hydel; Projects (only for Irrigation/Hydel Projects):

(i) Total catchment area....

(ii) Total command area....

(iii) Full Reservoir Level....

(iv) High Flood Level...

(v) Minimum Drawl Level....

(vi) Break-up of area falling in catchment area of the project (forest land, cultivated land,pasture land, human cultivation and others)...

(,ii) Area of subeTnrgence at High Flood Level ....

(viii) Area of submergence at Full Reservoir Level...(ix) Area of submergence at 4 meter below full Reservoir Level (For medium and major

projects only)...(x) Area of submergence at 4 meter below Full Reservoir Level (lor medium and major

projects only)...(xi) Area of submergence at Minimum Drawl Level.....(xii) Details of catchment area treatment plan.....(xiii) Total financial outlays and details regarding availability of funds for catchment area

treatment Plan....9. Details regarding Road/Railways Lines (only for Road/Railway Lines

(i) Length and width of the strip required and forest area required....(ii) Total length of the road....(iii) Length of the road already constructed....(iv) Length of the road passing through the forest....

IO. Details regarding Mining proposals (only for mining proposals):

(i) Total mining lease area and forest area required....(ii) Period of mining lease proposed.(iii) Estimated reserve of each mineral/ore in the forest area and in the non-forest area....(iv) Annual estimated production of mineral/ore....

(v) Nature of mining operaLions (opcncastlundcrground)....

(vi) Phased reclamation plan....

(vii) (radient of the area where mining would be undertaken....

(viii) Copy of thc lIease Deed (to be attached only for renewal purposes)....

(ix) Number of labour to be employed.....

(x) Area of forest land required for(a) Mining(b) Storing mineral/ore..(c) Dumping of overburden....(d) Storing tolls and machinery....(e) Construction of building, power stations, workshops, etc...(f) Township/housing colony..'..(g) Construction of road-ropeway/railway lines....(h) Full land use plan of forest area required...

(xi) Reasons why any of the activities referred to in (a) to (h) above under the project forwhich forest land has been asked for cannot be undertaken/located outside forest area...

(xii) The extent of damage likely to bee caused and the number of trees affected on account ofmining and related activities....

(xiii) Distance of the mining area from perennial water courses, national and State highway,national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves....

(xiv) Procedure for stocking of the top soil for re-use....(xv) Extent of subsidence expected in underground mining operations and its impact on water,

forest and other vegetation...11. Cost - benefit analysis...12. Whether clearance from environmental angle is required )Yes/No)...

If, yeas whether, requisite details for the same have been fumished (Yes/No)...13. Whether any work in violation of the Act has been carried out (YeslNO)...

If yes,(i) Details of the same including date of commencement...(ii) Officers responsible for violation of the Act..(iii) Action taken/being taken against erring officers....(iv) Whether work in violation of the Act is still in progress....14. Any other information...15 Details of Certificates/documents enclosed....16. Detailed opinion of the Chief Conservator of Forests/Head of the Department

concerned covering the following aspects, namely:-(i) out-turn of timber, fuelwood and other forest produce from the forest land involved:(i) Whether the district is self-sufficient in timber and fuelwood;(iii) the effect of the proposal on

(a) Fuclwood supply to rural population;(b) economy and livelihood of the tribal and backward communities;(iv)_ specific recommendations of the Chief Conservator of Forests/Head of the Forest

I)epanment for acceptancc or otherwise of the proposal with reasons thereof.Certified that all other altematives for the purpose have been explored and the demand

ftor thC required area, is the minimum demand for forest land.

Signature of the authorized officers of the State Govemment/Authority.

N. 3. While furnishing details of flera and fauna. the species should be described by theirscientific names

.N.B.2 If the space provided above is not sufficient to specify any information, please attachseparate details/documents.

Aftachment-3A

FOREST CLEARANCE FLOW CHART

(IF FOREST AREA > 20 HECTARES)

TECHNO ECONOMI PROPOSAL SUBMITTED BY 1 TREE ENUMERATIONCLEARANCE | 1FOREST STRETCHES

v E |COST BENEFITPROPOSAL FORMUULATION 1ANASI

I AI I LAND IDENTIFICATIONv L _oCOMPENSATORY

DFO RECOMMENDED I AFFORESTATION*-fYES NOij

SCCF RECOMMENDED

NODALOFFICERRECOMii~iE-Nl:-)-E-D-~4-'YES NO:--bNODACCFFIE RECOMMENDE-:EJ

YES NO

SECTC(FORECOUPMRECONDED ENDEYES NC)j-

_[SET.MOREFTGU RECOMMENDED |

YES NO

MNISTER'S APPROVAL

TRANSFER & MUTATION OF LAND FORCOMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION TOFOREST DEPT. P

UP GOVV. TO MOEF. ]FNAPV

FINISTR' APPROVAL BY'

Attachment-3B

FOREST CLEARANCE FLOW CHART

(IF FOREST AREA < 5 HECTARES)

TECHNO ECONOMIq PROPOSAL SUBMITTED BY |TREE ENUMERATIONCLEARANCE US.E.B FOREST STRETCHES

v F COST BENEFITPROPOSAL FORMUULATION ANALYSIS l

I LAND IDENTIFICATION_____i______ COMPENSATORY

DFO RECOMMENDED i AFFORESTATIONYES - NO ] s

CCF APPROVALYES NO

INPRINCIPLE APPROVAL ACCORDED

TRANSFER & MUTATION OF LAND FORCOMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION TOFOREST DEPT.(UP)

FINAL APPROVAL BY CCF

Attachment-3C

FOREST CLEARANCE FLOW CHART

(IF FOREST AREA IS > 5 HECTARES & < 20 HECTARES)

TECHNO ECONOMI PROPOSAL SUBMITTED BY TREE ENUMERATIONCLEARANCE -|U.P.S.E.B /r- FOREST STRETCHES

Y * COST BENEFiTPROPOSAL FORMUULATION hNAANALYSIS

LAND IDENTIFICATIONv COMPENSATORY

DFO RECOMMENDED K_J AFFORESTATION_ YES NO _

._ * CF& ~ADVISORY COMMITTEE' RECOMMENDED 1YES NO

SECRETARY MOE&FYES NO -_ _--

- - -INPRINCIPLE APPROVAL ACCORDED|

TRANSFER & MUTATION OF LAND FORCOMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION TOFOREST DEPT.(UP)

FINAL APPROVAL BY CCFZZ]

( Advisory C:ommittconstitutes of representativesof Revenue deptt.,Forest deptt.,Planning br Finance deptt.)

Attachment-5

CROPPING PATVERN DURING 1995-96(As per the Jagran's "Uttar Pradesh at a glance")

SI Name of Crop Area in lakh hectare Production in laklNo. Tonnes

Khareef1. Rice. 55.72 103.992. Maize 10.68 14.703. Bajra. 8.10 10.194. Jowar 4.37 4.205. Groundnut 1.38 1.076. Sugarcane 19.74 1198.3(0

Rabi7. Wheat 90.53 222.038. Barley 4.40 8.479. Gram 11.15 7.8410. Peas 4.33 4.7111. Arhar 5.08 4.9312. Masoor 4.76 3.1413. Mustard 8.01 8.3614. Potato 4.00 79.1015. Mango - 27. 3116. (Guava - 1.7417. Papaya - 0.1518. Total IFruits 43.3619. Total Vegetables - I 121.9520. Total Spices - 1.11

Attachment- 6

Land Use Pattern in U.P.(As per the U.P.Forest Statistics 1997)

SI. No. Item Area (000 ha.)

1. Forest 51.65

2. IBarren and unculturable land 10.06

3. I-and put to non agricultural uses 25.00

4. Culturablc waste 10.03

slcrmanent Pastures and grazing land 3.01

(6. Land under misccilaneous tree crops, groves etc. 5.47

Current fallows 11.54

8 O,her fallows X

.Net area sown !.72.5(1

DISTRICTWISE POPULATION BREAKUP - RURAUURBAN Aftachment-7

S.N. NAME OF DISTRICT GEOGRAPHICAL AREA POPULATION - (1991)SQ. KM - (1991) RURAL URBAN TOTAL

1 AGRA 4027 1639935 1111088 27510212 ALIGARH 5019 2467484 828498 32959823 ETAH 4446 1869740 375258 22449984 FIROZABAD 2361 1125494 407560 15330545 MAHAMAYANAGAR .6 MAINPURI 2760 1142856 173890 13167487 MATHURA 3811 1475935 455251 1931186

AGRA DIVISION 22424 9721444 3351543 130729878 AZAMGARH 4234 2928166 225719 31538859 BALLIA 2981 2038186 224087 228227310 MAU 1713 1201787 243995 1445782

AZAMGARH DIVISION 8928 6168139 693801 686194011 ALLAHABAD 7261 3898948 1022365 492131312 FATEHPUR 4152 1711228 188013 189924113 KAUSHAMBI14 PRATAPGARH 3717 2088599 122101 2210700

ALLAHABAD DIVISION 15130 7698775 1332479 903125415 BADAUN 5168 2017033 431305 244833816 BAREILLY 4120 1905151 929465 283461817 PILIGHIT 3499 1046247 236856 128310318 SHAHJAHANPUR 4575 1574764 412631 1987395

BAREILLY DIVISION 17362 6543195 2010257 855345219 BASTI 3733 2562696 175826 273852220 SANT KABIR NAGAR21 SIDDHARTH NAGAR 3495 1648377 59508 1707885

BASTI DIVISION 7228 4211073 235334 444640722 BANDA 7624 1622718 239421 186213923 CHHA.SAHUJI MAHARAJ .24 HAMIPUR 7166 1211846 254645 146849125 MAHOBA

CHITRAKOOT DIVISION 14790 2834564 494066 3328630

*1 .

26 BAHARICH 6877 2546844 -2270494 27635027 BALARAMPUR .28 GONDA 7352 3308349 264726 357307529 SHRAVASTI .

DEVI PATAN DIVISION 14229 5855193 481632 633682530 AMBEDKARNAGAR .31 BARABANKI 4402 2198258 224878 242313632 FAIZABAD 4511 2631261 347223 297848433 SULTANPUR 4436 2444802 114168 2558970

FAIZABAD DIVISION 13349 7274321 686269 796069034 CHAMOLI 9126 414331 40540 45487135 DEHRADUN 3088 510199 515480 102587936 GARHWAL 543B 601353 81182 68253537 RUDRAPRAYAG .38 TEHRI GARWHAL 4421 547258 32895 58015339 UTTAR KASHI 8016 222448 -182739 39709

GARHWAL DIVISION 30089 2295589 687358 298294740 DEORIA 5445 4113897 326127 444002441 GORAKHPUR 3321 2490726 575276 306600242 KUSHINAGAR .43 MAHARAJGANJ 2951 1593461 82917 1676378

GORAKHPUR DIVISION 11717 8198084 984320 918240444 JALAUN 4565 950180 269197 121937745 JHANSI 5024 863342 566356 142969848 LALITPUR 5039 646495 105548 752043

JHANSI DIVISION 14628 2460017 941101 340111847 AURAIYA48 ETAWAH 4326 1790954 333701 212485549 FARRUKABAD 4274 1985645 454621 244026650 KANNUAJ51 KANPUR(DEHAT) 5111 2016274 122043 213831752 KANPUR (NAGAR) 1065 381154 2037333 2418487

KANPUR DIVISION 14776 6174027 2947698 912172553 ALMORA 5385 783110 53507 83661754 BAGESHWAR .55 CHAMPAWAT .56 NAINITAL 6794 1037210 502964 1540174

57 PITHHORAGARH 8856 524295 42113 56640858 UDHAM SINGH NAGAR l

KUMAUN DIVISION 21035 2344615 598584 294319959 HARDOI 5986 2424471 322611 274708260 KHERI 7680 2161259 257975 241923461 LUCKNOW 2528 1031577 1731224 276280162 RAIBARELI 4609 2112898 209912 232281063 SITAPUR 5743 2513341 343668 285700964 UNNAO 4558 1901099 299298 2200397

LUCKNOW DIVISION 31104 12144645 3164688 1530933365 BAGHPAT66 BULANDSAHAR 4352 2257064 592795 284985967 GAUTAMBUDH NAGAR68 GHAZIABAD 2590 1455673 1248260 270393369 MEERUT 3911 2171355 1276557 3447912

MEERUT DIVISION 10853 5884092 3117612 900170470 MIRZAPUR 4522 1428499 228640 165713971 SANT RAVIDAS NAGAR72 SONBHADRA 6788 930958 144083 1075041

MIRZAPUR DIVISION 11310 2359457 372723 273218073 BIJNOR 4561 1839169 615352 245452174 JYOTIBAPHULE NAGAR.75 MORADABAD 5967 2981566 1139469 412103576 RAMPUR 2367 1109425 392716 1502141

MORADABAD DIVISION 12895 5930160 2147537 807769777 HARIDWAR 2360 776346 348142 112448878 MUZAFFARNAGAR 4008 2143313 699230 284254379 SAHARANPUR 3689 1719377 589652 2309029

SAHARANPUR DIVISION 10057 4639036 1637024 627606080 CHANDAULI .81 GHAZIPUR 3377 2238315 178302 241661782 JAUNPUR 4038 2993297 221339 321463683 VARANASI 5092 3538334 1322248 4860582

VARANASI DIVISION 12507 8769946 1721889 10491835

TOTAL 294411 111506372 27605916 139112287

Attachment-8

DISTRICTWISE FOREST AREA OF UTTAR PRADESH

S.N. NAME OF DISTRICT TOTAL FOREST AREAIN' 000 HECTARE

1 AGRA 393.252 ALIGARH 11.493 ETAH 4.704 FIROZABAD 86.115 MAHAMAYANAGAR6 MAINPURI 15.037 MATHURA 12.96

AGRA DIVISION 523.548 AZAMGARH 1.019 BALLIA10 MAU 5.60

AZAMGARH DIVISION 6.6111 ALLAHABAD 155.2212 FATEHPUR 51.8813 KAUSHAMBI14 PRATAPGARH 4-45

ALLAHABAD DIVISION 211.5515 BADAUN 69.0316 BAREILLY 3.1317 PILIBHIT 785.9418 SHAHJAHANPUR 98.82

BAREILLY DIVISION 956.9219 BASTI 33.8720 SANT KABIR NAGAR21 SIDDHARTH NAGAR 42.81

BASTI DIVISION 76.6822 BANDA 777.8223 CHHA.SAHUJI MAHARAJ24 HAMIPUR 391.4925 MAHOBA

CHITRAKOOT DIVISION 1169.3026 BAHARICH 1016.7927 BALARAMPUR28 GONDA 704.3529 SHRAVASTI :

DEVI PATAN DIVISION 1721.1430 AMBEDKARNAGAR31 BARABANKI 84.7532 FAIZABAD 121.3433 SULTANPUR 17.89

FAIZABAD DIVISION 114.9834 CHAMOLI 5210.3935 DEHRADUN 2116.9136 GARHWAL 4512.7037 RUDRAPRAYAG38 TEHRI GARWHAL 3972.01

39 UTTAR KASHI 7262.90GARHWAL DIVISION 23074.91

40 DEORIA 28.7941 GORAKHPUR 102.0042 KUSHI NAGAR43 MAHARAJGANJ 435.97

GORAKHPUR DIVISION 566.7644 JALAUN 257.0145 JHANSI 327.7346 LALITPUR 722.33

JHANSI DIVISION 1307.0747 AURAIYA48 ETAWAH 403.7249 FARRUKABAD 55.9850 KANNUAJ51 KANPUR (DEHAT) 94.8052 KANPUR (NAGAR) 16.20

KANPUR DIVISION 570.7053 ALMORA 3939.6954 BAGESHWAR55 CHAMPAWAT56 NAINITAL 4037.0357 PITHHORAGARH 3303.5058 UDHAM SINGH NAGAR

KUMAUN DIVISION 11280.2259 HARDOI 84.2560 KHERI 1663 1261 LUCKNOW 114.0862 RAIBARELI 49,1763 SITAPUR 52.9864 UNNAO 167.04

LUCKNOW DIVISION 213.6465 BAGHPAT66 BULANDSAHAR 81.9267 GAUTAMBUDH NAGAR68 GHAZIABAD 25.5669 MEERUT 81.13

MEERUT DIVISION 188.6170 MIRZAPUR 1342.0271 SANT RAVIDAS NAGAR72 SONBHADRA 3778.10

MIRZAPUR DIVISION, 5120.1273 BIJNOR 469.2474 JYOTIBAPHULE NAGAR75 MORADABAD 119.2276 RAMPUR 66.11

IMORADABAD DIVISION 654.57

77 HARIDWAR 375.1978 MUZAFFARNAGAR 167.0379 SAHARANPUR 667.75

SAHARANPUR DMSION 1209.9780 CHANDAULI81 GHAZIPUR82 JAUNPUR83 VARANASI 774.00

_VARANASI DIVISION 774.00

TOTAL 51658.29

Note:The above information has been taken from the Jaran's U.P. At a Glance 1998

TRADE NAMES FOR PCBs Attadcment-9(As per World Banks report -"Management of PCBs - India" 1996)

Principal trade names for PCB based dielectric fluids which are mainly applicable totransformers are as follows:

1E nRADIEAME COUNTRYI Aceclor Belgium2 Apirolo Italy3 Aroc(h)lor UK,USAJapan4 Asbestol USA5 Askarel UK,USA6 Auxol USA7 Bakola 131 USA8 Chlorextol USA9 Chlorinol USA10 C(h)lophen Germany1 I Clorphen USA12 DK Italy13 Diac(h)lor USA14 Dykanol USA15 EEC-18 USA16 Elaol Germany17 Electrolphenyl France18 Elemex USA19 E(d)ucarel USA20 Fenclor Italy21 Hyvol USA22 InclorJlnclar Italy23. Inerteen USA, Canada24. Kan(e)c(h)lor Japan25. Kennechlor Japan26. Montar USA27. Nepolin USA28. No-Flamnol USA29. Non-flammable liquid USA30. Phenoclafr Germany31. Phenoclor France32. P(h)yralene France33. 'Pyranol USA, Canada34. Pyroclor UK35. Saf(e)-T-Kuhl USA36 Santosafe Japan37. , Santovac USA38. So(1)voL/Sorol CIS39. Terpenylchlore France

Attachment- 10

LIST OF CAPACITORS PURCHASED BEFORE 1985

SI. No. Place Mai- Capacity

(MVAR)

1. 220 KV Khurja BHEL S

2. 132 KV Bhoor -dD- -do

3. 132 Jahangirabad -do- -do

4 132KV Sikandarabad -do- -do-

5. 132 KV Siyana -dO- -do-

6. 132 KV Debai -do- -do-

7. 220 KV Shamli -o- -do-

8. 220 KV Shamli -do- -do-

9. 220 KV Nara -do- -do-

10. 132 KV Budhana -do- -do-

11. 132 KV Jansath -do- -do-

12. 132 KV Khatauli -do- -do-

13. 220 KV Modipuram -do- -do-

14. - do- -do- -do-

15. 132 KV Sardhana -dCo- -do-

16. 132 KV Mawana -do- -do-

17. 132 KV Partapur -do- -do-

18. 132 KV Baghpat -do- -do-

19. 132 KV Hathras -do- -do-

20. 132 KV Aligarh-[ -do- -do-

21 132 KV Khair -do- -do-

22 132 KV Atraui -do- -do-

23. 132 KV Sadabad -do- -do-

24 220 KV Mainpuri -do- -do-

25. -do- -do- -do-

26 132 KV Etah -do- -do-

27. 132 KV Shikohabad -do- -do-

28. 220 KV Simbhaoli -do- -do-

29. -do- -do- -do-

30. 132. KV Dasna -do -do-

31. 132 KV MohanNagar -do- 7.06

32. 220 KV Sahibabad -do- 5.7

33. 132 KV Chandausi -CO- 5.0

34. 132 KV Rampur -do- -do-

35. 132 KV Sambhal -do- -do-

36. 132 KV Amroha '-do- -do-

37. 132. KV Gajraula -do- -do-

38. 220 KV Moradabad -do- -dO-

39. 132 KV Chandpur -do- -do-

40 132 KV Bijnor -do- -do-

41. 220 KV Nahtaur -do- -do-

42. 132 KV Najibabad -do- -do-

43. 132 KVTajpur -do- -do-

44. 220 KV Saharanpur -do- do

45. 132 KV Nanauta -do- -o-

46. 132 KV Roorkee -do- -do-

47. 132 KV Deoria -do- -do-

48. 132 KV Banda -do- -do-

49. 132 KV Chhiberamau -do- -do-

50 220 KV Fatehpur -do- -do-

51. 132 KV Ballia -do- -do

52. 132 KV Bansi -do- -do-

53. 132 KV Purquazi Khatau Junker ltd -do-

54 132 KV Lalukheri -do- -do-

55. 132 KV Hathras -do- -do

56. 132 KV Deoband -do- -do-

57. 132 KV Shahganj -oo- -do-

58. 132 KV Rasra -do- -do-

59. 132 KV Kasia -do- -do-

60. 132 KV Anandnagar -do- -do-

61. 132 KV Khalilabad -do- -do-

62. 132 KV Bansi -do- -do-

63. 132 KV Bhadoi -do- -do-

64. 132 KV Saidpur -do- -do-

65. 132 KV Balranpur -do- -do-

66. 132 KV Dalmau -do- -do-

67. 132 Kashipur -do- -do-

68. 132 KV Lakhimpur -do- -do-

69. 132 KV Nanpara -do- -do-

70. 132 KV Jagdishpur -do- -do-

71. 132 KV Mathura Canadian 10.25

72 220 KV Sarahpur -do- 3.528

73. 132 KV Azamgar -do- 10.078

74, 132 KV Ballia -do- 5.04

75. 132 KV Bansi -do- 5.0476. 220KV Muradnagar BBC 8.

-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AT~P~PT 41

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Attachment - 12

FORMAT FOR COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF SITUS FOR SUB-STATIONS

S.N. Criterla Site-I Site-lI Site-El[…-- -- - .-. . ...- -- --...... ..-.--.- -- . -.-. .. .-. .. --.. -.-...-- -- - .. . -

I Land

1. Size (Acre)2. Size (Mtr.xMtr.)3. Govt./ Private/Forest Land4. No. of owners5. Approximate cost6. Rate of Govt. land7. AgriculturedWasteland8. Type of soil-- --9. Slope10. Extent of leveling required11. Development around location12. Planned/unplanned development13. Size of sites14. Environment Pollution in the vicinity15. Location with reference to nearest town16. Level of site with ref. to road level17. H.F.L.Data18. Diversion of Nallah/Canal required19. Land acquisition feasibility20. No. of families displaced

S.N. Criteria Site-I Site-II Site-I

II Approach

1. What are the obstacles in reaching site2. Extension of approach3. Length of approach road4. Distance from main road5. Unloading facility at Railway Station6. No. of Culverts required

m Community Faclities

1. Drinking water2. Drainage3. Post office4. Telephone5. Teiex6 Market7. Security8. Amendabllity9. Availability of construction water10. Availability of water11. Nearest EHC line12. Length of line between this site & nearest substation13. Length of line estimate14. Additional crossings15. Frontage for line take off16. Telephone/Telegraph lineIV Others

Attachmcnt-] 3

The authorities responsible for implementation of varous activities dtiring planning construction, operation andmaintenance of Transmission projects

ACTIVIY RESPONSIBILITYIIProject Planning stages:Identification . surveying and proposal of thc routes for lines El. (ETD)Approval of the route of lines SE (ETC). CE(T)Ideintification .survey and finalization of sites for Sub-stations EE(FTD)

FE(ECCD)+SF,(JTC)EInvironmental and social screening of transmission lines Fl,E (ETO)l nvironmenial and social screening of Sub-stations - 3F, (E,TD)Environment and social assessment. public consultation and preparation of EMIs & RAPs E:F, (ETi))LIand acquisition FE (EiTD))Interacting with Rcvenue authorities for land acquisition EE (ETD)Valuation of land & assc acquired for the construction of lincs and S/S & payment of I-IF (ETD)compensationlntcractlion with forest department for obtaining forest clearanccs El (ETD)Obtaining PTCC clcarances and clcarance for charging the line. FI (liT!)

Construction Stage:Assessment of ctop damaged during construction of lines E,, (EiTD)Procurement of equipments Cl (T)I rection of towers, lines and construction of Sub-stations. 1E. (MITT))Charging of lines and comtnlissioning of Sub-stations. 1i1, (T&C)

Aun' l lvlurv RESPONSIBILITY

Operntion and maintenance:Operation and Maintenancc of lines and Sub-stations. ElE (ETD)Patrolling of lines EEi (ETD)Atlinding breakdown of lines and Sub-stations Eli (ETlD)Maintenancc of rights of ways of lines. rlr (r,ET))Trcec clearance & trimming EE (ETD)Checking of vibration dampers, tower parts. jumpers. insulators El. (ETlD)Checking of crosion problems in thc Sub-stations & tower pad& El, (ETr))Clearing of foreign materials on thc towers and lines. EEr (ETD)Checking and rectification of transformer/circuit breaker oil leakages. lEI (Fi0)Checking and rectification of unusual sounds in the transformers. El, (ElTD)Checking and control of fire hazards in the Sub-station rE (rTD)Checking of drainage problems F,E (lTD)

Attachment- 14

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURESRESPONSIBILITY FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING

SI I NVIRONMElNTAL IMl'ACT MITIGATION MEASURES RIISPONSI REISPONSI1LE, FOR BLE FOR

No. IMI'I.IMIE, MONITORINTATION NMG

* 2 3 4 5PL. ANNING

I Impact on environmental sensitive areas While selecting ROW site environmentally sensitive areas I r (ETr)) SI" (ETCsuchi as wild lands, wet lands, hir(d or are to he avoidedwild life sanctuaries, bird habitats,ciultirally & historically importantresources

While selecting ROW for line and site for Sub-station, EW,(IiTD) SE (ETC)Loss of forcst land UPSEi13 avoids reserve forests.Wherever lines are inevitable

to cross the reserve forests. compensatory afforestationprocedures as per E:orest Conservation Act, 1980 arefollowed

3 Loss ol human habitation The ROW of line or site for Sub-station are selected 1El (EITD) SE (ETC)avoiding human habitations. SIP&P would be implemented ifR&R issues arise under unavoidable circumstance

.1 I.oss of land uise l.and reqtuired Ior towers is small . ULPSEB is not required to 1.1 (1'11)) SE (ETC)acquiire land for towers. Land owner has an access tocultivatc land under towers. UPSEIB selccts site for Sub-station in the barrcn or dry agriculture lands.l.and use wouldnot changc.

5. Air craft hazards due to transmission Transmi.cion lines or Sub-stations constructed away from l (I-,(TD) ST: (I,TC)projects approach tunnel to airports to prevent Air Craft hazards.

6. Noice problems from transformers in I.nsures in the specirications that noise level of equipment EJ: (lVTD) Si: (E,TC)the Sub-slations do not exceed prescribed limits.

CONSTRUCTION7. (Grading of Sites. Drainage and erosion Sub-station yards and tower locations are properly graded to FE (I,TI)) S1 (E TC)

problems in Sub-stations and tower prevent drainage and erosion problems. The erosion is alsolocations. controlle(d by constrmction of retaining walls. stone pitching

and revegetation.

X. Ilcectrical interference to telecom lines P'TCC clearance are obtained l'or lines. The protection 1.11 (1,Tlj) SEI (F,TC)d!e to nducedLMP. measures such as installation of GD tubes.cabling.

Microwave system .as suggested by PTCC .arc implemcntedfor protection of telecom lines.

9. E;lectrocution hazards due to public The Sub-station area is cncloscd with fencing or boundary 11. (IlTn) S1 (ETC)acceSs to Sutb-stations and towers. wall to restrict the public access to prevent electrocution

hazards in Suh-statiepn. Towers are provided with barbedwire, anti-climbing devices and danger notices.

10+. ( nMtsiriction or temporary sheds for Tcmporary shcds for constrction crew are not provided by l.1 t('Cl)) SIiBCCC)construction crew. the contractors as these are short gestation works.

Construction crcw stays in rented houses in nearby villagcs.

(l:lPR ATION & MAINTFINANCEI11 (Chemical contamination duc to gr-ouind No chemicalsc are used. Adopts manual or mechanical 11. (lT1)) SI (1ITC)

clearing operation and maintenance methods for ROW maintenance and ground clearing

operation for thc Sub-station sites.

1.1 (ITD) SI: (IETC)

I. Control of oil leakage from Leakagc of oil is checked daily an(d contr6lled by checkingIran 11 rmers the packing hv tightcning the joints properly.

I l l irc iavards in thc Suhb-station To ahaie fire hazar(d.s fire cxtinguishers/water sprinkling 1.1 (.TD)) Si (I.TC)

systemn will be provided.

14. UlnusSual Noise problems from This is checked daily and is controlled by tightening core 1.1 (0.TD) SE (IETC)

transformers bolts. corc plates, coil clamps and external fittings.

Atlachment - ]5

CHECKLIST FOR INSPECTION OF TRANSNIISSION LINE DEFECTMONT1!1 IDATI:

FOUNDATIQNSiql 3rgionlunven settlctneniAn,M raddy m kgu lo l'oulabiO)nAny crackldarnmA2c to retaining wtdllrvujninMissinJlDamagef/Eartwirc/StxipEarth Cutting frQrn v icinlv O u foun d1 tLionJO <WI:R I

tanu}<WMasrn Ll_cmnhr AWIK

PiIuniz/MIiimlnflu%bohs 1J WI_)ofsnu utst.!(A-W-

1M)1tmA pl;timi@,r

I'rcqsl;liv: unvQ

*', Wsp unall tLJtrcy, hIRI' 1)-

IARDWARE FITTINGS & INSULATORISSiurface )lut_lxo

LUnusual deffcuon of sinng

Ilash over/Burnin,! markNo of fitting datMagc

No. of disc damancCONDUCTOR AND EARTHWIRE,Strands cut and opcn

I .oo e iumprs of conducgorIinmrino cuthKwircD)islocated/l.oose VI) of conductorNMissine VI) of Conductor

DislocatedJxLose VD of cwthwin--Missing VD of eartbwire

Spacos MissinycaW(x

Junior/liard Spacer missing

Jumper/Hard spaccr looseldisLvoaccj

EL.ECURCAl. LI ILAkAN(I

Dv(alls itc 00 Iu: , I,i cau'.C pl.onlzji

I lri n"mcnt. _n•Icwani_C )itb xyitn L II9jucL)t g it und

inlrinLemcmn in clearancc ot! Ldrthwire to conductorAny ncW LonsLruction .scn within the linc

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