Environment Friendly Techniques “Best Available Techniques ...€¦ · Presented by : Lalit...

Presented by : Lalit Sharma GIZ-IGEP, New Delhi

Environment Friendly Techniques

“Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document – Textile Sector ”

March 01, 2013, Ahmadabad


1. Legal background: The

European Industrial Emissions

Directive (IED) from 2010


EC: Joint Research Centre (JRC)

Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS)

Sustainable Production and Consumption Unit

The European IPPC Bureau

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control’ Directive/Act (1996)

(1994 Seville, Spain).

Promotes & enables a

better understanding of

links between env’t

technology, economy

and society.

Mission : Provide

customer-driven support

to the EU policy-making

Industrial Emissions Directive (2010)

Legal Background:

The European ‘Industrial Emissions Directive’ (IED) 2010


The European IPPC Bureau (Integrated Pollution Prevention

and Control’ Directive/Act) is an output oriented team which

produces reference documents on Best Available Techniques

REFerence documents, called BREFs

↘which are the main reference documents used by

competent authorities in 27 Member States when issuing

operating permits for the installations that represent a

significant pollution potential in Europe

↘~50,000 of these installations in Europe


Main provisions of the IED (II):

• The emission limit values shall be based on the best available techniques,

The competent authority shall set emission limit values that

ensure that, under normal operating conditions, emissions do

not exceed the emission levels associated with the best

available techniques as laid down in the decisions on BAT

conclusions… (Art. 15 para. 3)

BAT conclusions do not prescribe the use of specific

techniques, but a level of environmental protection

that can be achieved i.a. by the application of BAT!


Definition of BAT according to Art. 3 para. 10 IED

Best = most effective with respect to the prevention and –

where that is not practicable – the reduction of emissions

and the impact on the environment as a whole

Available = developed on a scale which allows implementation in

the relevant industrial sector, under economically and

technically viable conditions,

taking into consideration the costs and advantages,

whether or not it is used in the respective Member State

Technique = includes both the technology used and the way in

which the installation is designed, built, maintained,

operated and decommissioned


What is BAT for a particular industrial sector ?

BAT for a particular industrial sector is identified by an information

exchange process for each sector between

• EU Member States

• Industry concerned

• Environmental NGOs

• EU Commission

BAT Reference Documents for the sector (BREF)

Outcome of the

information

exchange

process

BAT conclusions


BAT: EU’s Contribution in international context

04.03.2013

European information exchange on BAT is considered to be an EU contribution to

the global process initiated in 2002 at the World Summit (Johannesburg) so that

non-EU countries can also reap the benefits of this ambitious work.

↘ These documents BREF were vehicles through which BAT

and emerging techniques are determined in a transparent

manner, based on sound techno-economic information

↘ The BREFs inform the relevant decision makers about what

may be technically and economically available to industry in

order to improve their environmental performance and

consequently improve the whole environment.


2. Best Available Techniques

(BAT) reference document for the

Textile Industry

Download of the BREF:

http://eippcb.jrc.es/reference/txt.html


http://eippcb.jrc.es


The content of BREFs and BAT Conclusions General outline of the BREFs:

Preface, Scope

1. General information about the sector concerned

2. Applied processes and techniques

3. Current emission and consumption levels

4. Techniques to consider in the determination of BAT

5. Best available techniques (BAT) conclusions

6. Emerging techniques

7. Concluding remarks and recommendations for future work

References, Glossary of terms and abbreviations

Annexes (dependent upon relevance and availability of information)

Presented by : Lalit Sharma GIZ-IGEP, New Delhi 04.03.2013

Particular attention is given to the following processes:

fibre preparation

pre treatment

dyeing

printing

finishing


The textile chain...!

Fibre manufacturing: Natural fibres/

Man-made fibres

Spinning of fibres

Yarn manufacturing

weaving, knitting, non-woven

technologies

Cloth manufacturing

Finishing processes

pretreatment, dyeing, printing, coating,

finishing

Make-up

cutting, sewing, assembling

Trade

Use

Disposal


• Environmental issues

• Wastewater

• Emission to air

• Energy consumption

• Solid and liquid waste

• Hazardous material management

http://www.google.lk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fibre2fashion.com/_resources/industry-articles/16/1523/1_files/image001.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/16/1523/process-analysis-environmental-impacts-of-textile-manufacturing1.asp&usg=__R359Jb6tNyZdh-lcx8q--P3kF44=&h=170&w=169&sz=4&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=MRs15GEMpCvA2M:&tbnh=99&tbnw=98&prev=/images?q=images+textile+industry+pollution&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&ndsp=20&tbs=isch:1


BAT as solution for environmental Problems ?

• BREF Textile industry includes description of 130 techniques in the chapter - 04 “Techniques to consider in the determination of BAT”

• Generic BAT for whole textile industry

• Process-integrated BAT

• End of pipe techniques

• All main textile fibre types are included

• additional information on auxiliaries, dyes and pigments, textile machinery and typical recipes

• BAT refer to industrial practice with valuable information for plants of different size and structure (small plants as well as large plants)

• Application of BAT often results in cost savings, partly without great expense


Operational immediately: BAT for management

and good housekeeping • Equipment maintenance

and operations audit

• Maintain machinery, pumps

and piping thoroughly and

check for leaks

• Draw up maintenance

plans that foresee regular

maintenance and

document all work activities

• Check and clean filters

regularly


Operational immediately: BAT for management

and good housekeeping

• Options focused on energy

savings

• heat-insulation of pipes, valves,

tanks, machines

• segregation of hot and cold waste

water streams prior to heat

recovery and recovery of heat from

the hot stream.

• installing heat recovery systems

on waste off-gases

energy savings up to 70% for

heat recovery on waste gases on

stenters

heat-insulation of pipes

Increased insulation on the

stenters alone from 120 mm

to 150 mm saves 20 percent

of energy


End of pipe: BAT for waste water treatment • General principles for waste water

management and treatment:

• Characterizing the different waste water

streams arising from the process

• Segregate the effluents at source

according to their contaminant type and

load

• To ensure that a treatment facility

receives only those pollutants it

can cope with

• To enable the application of

recycling or re-use options for the

effluent

3-way valve for segregation of effluents


End of pipe: BAT for waste water treatment

• Biological treatment of the waste water in the

activated sludge process

• Separate treatment of waste water partial flows

containing non-biodegradable substances:

• Chemical oxidation for high load streams

containing non-biodegradable compounds (e.g.

desizing baths)

• Precipitation and flocculation for partial flows

containing heavy metals

• membrane process for treatment of highly

coloured or high TDS streams Segregated effluents

destined for

different treatments


3. COmprehensive INdustry

documentS (COINS) reference documents by CPCB forTextile Industry

//cpcb.nic.in/Publications.php


Contents of COINS: (2002)

- Overview, Production Process, Pollution, etc

- Chapter 05: In-plant Control Measures

Good Housekeeping,

Process & Equipment Modification

Recovery, Reuse, Conservation and

Innovative techniques

- Pollution Control and Cost Issues

- Monitoring Programme

- Standards and Guidelines


//cpcb.nic.in/Publications.php


4. Conclusion

Outcomes to consider…!


Conclusions (I) • BAT is a dynamic concept based on and promoting continuous

improvements in environmental performance

• The IED sets up an integrated framework for the regulation of

industrial emissions in the EU, aiming for a high level of protection

for the environment as a whole

• As the outcome of the information exchange on BAT, the BREF

documents are a unique and valueable source of information for

applicable techniques and their associated emission and

consumption levels

Presented by : Lalit Sharma GIZ-IGEP, New Delhi 04.03.2013

• The Textile BREF is a valuable source of information on available

techniques, their applicability and their associated consumption and

emission levels.

• BAT is more than the application of specific technologies; good

housekeeping, maintenance, input control and a proper monitoring

system for the emissions are also relevant

• As the structure of the European textile industry is different, the

BREF does not provide specific BAT conclusions for all processes

used in India, but at least the general ones apply.

• COINS documents from CPCB is huge information bank in the

Indian Context

• Where processes currently applied in India are not covered in the

BREF, it might be beneficial to initiate an information exchange

process on BAT in your country, based on the same principles as

under the IED.

Conclusions (II)


• Use of BAT (BREF/COINS)

• Surely and handy Knowledge bank

• Does not complies to follow but certainly has

beneficial techniques

• Solves main environmental issues (EU Context)

• Can result in cost savings

• Is important to secures markets or acquire new

ones

Conclusions (III)


5. Further Action

Scope of Cooperation


Further Steps: Scope of Cooperation

04.03.2013

Objective is to facilitate promotion of Best Available Techniques

without entailing excessive cost (BATNEEC) in the identified

industry sectors in India.

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• Iron and Steel sector one of the priority sectors where the technical

cooperation could focus on. To understand need for environmental

improvement in iron & steel/sponge iron sector, strategic actions to be

planned hence the overall scope of cooperation can be :

↘ Exchange of knowledge and experiences, including reference documents;

↘ Developing customised BREF documents for India;

↘ Undertaking pilot measures on demonstration purpose in identified

industries/sectors;

↘ Promoting dialogue among various stakeholders;

↘ Training/capacity building of CPCB;

↘ Visit-cum-exposure to case examples in Germany for industry, regulatory

authorities and other stakeholders; and

↘ Facilitate technology transfer to industries as per requirements.

04.03.2013

Scope of Cooperation (Suggested Only)


7. Further information • Download of all BREF documents (EIPPCB Website)

http://eippcb.jrc.es/reference/

• Special link for the iron &steel BREF and related documents:

http://eippcb.jrc.es/reference/i&s.html

• Industrial emissions website of the EU Commission

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/stationary/index.htm

• European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR)

http://prtr.ec.europa.eu

• Sustainable production website of the German Federal Environment Agency

http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/nachhaltige-produktion-

anlagensicherheit-e/index.htm

http://eippcb.jrc.es/reference/

http://eippcb.jrc.es/reference/i&s.html

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/stationary/index.htm

http://prtr.ec.europa.eu/

http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/nachhaltige-produktion-anlagensicherheit-e/index.htm







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