Enhancing Groundwater Recharge for Water Supply• Recharge to an aquifer– when water enters a hd...
Transcript of Enhancing Groundwater Recharge for Water Supply• Recharge to an aquifer– when water enters a hd...
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Enhancing Groundwater Recharge g gfor Water Supply
H. Allen Wehrmann, P.E., P.H.(GW), D.WRE
Center for Groundwater ScienceCenter for Groundwater Science
Illinois State Water Survey
Northeast Illinois Regional Water Supply Planning GroupChicago, IL
November 25 2008November 25, 2008
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Acknowledgments
Illi i St t G l i l S• Illinois State Geological Survey
• George Roadcap, Illinois State Water Survey
• Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SEWRPC)
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Key ConceptsKey Concepts
• Infiltration
• Groundwater RechargeGroundwater Recharge– Groundwater Recharge
– Aquifer Recharge
G d t Di h• Groundwater Discharge
• Recharge Zones
• Discharge Zones
• Local and Regional Flow SystemsLocal and Regional Flow Systems
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DefinitionsDefinitions
• Infiltration – entry and associated downward flow ofInfiltration entry and associated downward flow of water from the ground surface into the unsaturated zone
• Recharge – advance of water into the saturated zone, associated with flow away from the water table and within the saturated zone
• Recharge to an aquifer – when water enters a h d h d f d fhydrostratigraphic unit defined as an aquifer as opposed to simply passing the water table
Groundwater, R.A. Freeze and J.A. Cherry, 1979. Prentice‐Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.Natural Recharge of Groundwater in Illinois, Bruce Hensel, 1992. Illinois State Geological Survey, EG142.
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The Hydrologic CycleThe Hydrologic Cycle
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Groundwater Rechargeg
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Three Basic Elements of a Recharge System
WATER SOURCE
Surface Soil
TransmissionDeep Vadose Transmissionand DeliverySystem
Deep VadoseZone
Recharge
Aquiferq f
Source: Daniel Stevens, Presentation to the Groundwater Resource Association of California, San Joes and SEWRPC. See also:SEWRPC Technical Report No. 43, http://www.sewrpc.org/watersupplystudy/documents.shtm
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Factors Affecting f l d hInfiltration and Recharge
• Rainfall intensity and duration• Texture and permeability of soil/geologic materials• Soil moisture/depth to water table• Slope and landscape position• Land coverLand cover
– Vegetation (row crop, grasses, trees, etc.)– Impervious surface (building footprint, streets, driveways, sidewalks,
parking lots, etc.)– Retention/detention basins
• Presence and type of water sources or sinks (e.g., leaky water supply pipes, storm sewers)
Natural Recharge of Groundwater in Illinois, Bruce Hensel, 1992. Illinois State Geological Survey, EG142.
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E l f S f I fil i T h l iExamples of Surface Infiltration Technologies
Source: Colorado Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources and SEWRPC. See also: SEWRPC Technical Report No. 43, http://www.sewrpc.org/watersupplystudy/documents.shtm
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Common Clogging Problems of a Recharge Basin
Source: Daniel Stevens, Presentation to the Groundwater Resource Association of California, San Joes and SEWRPC. See also:SEWRPC Technical Report No. 43, http://www.sewrpc.org/watersupplystudy/documents.shtm
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Surface Recharge System with Permeable Vadose Zone
Source: Daniel Stevens, Presentation to the Groundwater Resource Association of California, San Joes and SEWRPC. See also:SEWRPC Technical Report No. 43, http://www.sewrpc.org/watersupplystudy/documents.shtm
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Unsaturated zone
Water table
Unconfined AquiferUnconfined Aquifer
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Increase aquifer saturated thickness/R d i t f d dReduce impacts of drawdown
Unsaturated zone
Water table
Unconfined Aquifer
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Effect on confined aquifers?Effect on confined aquifers?
Unsaturated zone
Water table
Unconfined AquiferUnconfined Aquifer
Confining Layer
Confined Aquifer
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Geologic Mapping Approachg pp g ppto Potential for Recharge
• Originally developed to predict likelihood of uppermost aquifers to contamination from surface or near‐surface sources
• Surrogate for estimate of aquifer recharge g q gpotential
• Screening tool for prioritizing resources andScreening tool for prioritizing resources and guiding planning (e.g., IEPA, Winnebago County Health Dept., McHenry County)County Health Dept., McHenry County)
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Aquifer Sensitivity Map for Kane County
Source: Illinois State Geological Survey
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Major jQuaternaryAquifersqin Kane County
Source: Illinois State Geological Survey
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Kane County ModelKane County ModelGroundwater Recharge Zonation
2.2”/year2.2 /year
3.5”/year
11”/year
17.5”/year
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Local/Regional Groundwater Flow Systemsg y
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Source: Illinois State Geological Survey
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Water Quality Changes in Shallow Kane C P bli W S W llCounty Public Water System Wells140
C
100
120Carpentersville 5 Carpentersville 6 East Dundee 2 Patterson MHP 1 Sbdv Water Trust 1 3
(mg/
L) 80
South Elgin 4 South Elgin 5 Sugar Grove 2 Utl Inc Lake Marian Water Corp 3
Cl
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0
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1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
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SEWRPC Enhanced Recharge ProposalSEWRPC Enhanced Recharge Proposal
• Shallow aquifer recharge enhancement• Shallow aquifer recharge enhancement– Rainfall infiltration systems on environmental corridors ag land or other open landscorridors, ag land, or other open lands
– Groundwater recharge area protection/purchase
– Treated wastewater infiltration systems– Treated wastewater infiltration systems
• Deep aquifer recharge enhancementI j ti f t t d L k Mi hi d i ki t– Injection of treated Lake Michigan drinking water
Source: SEWRPC Planning Report No. 52, http://www.sewrpc.org/watersupplystudy/chapters.asp
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SEWRPC AlternativeGroundwaterRecharge
RainfallInfiltration
~4 mgdg
Proposal EffluentInfiltration
11 mgd
Deep AquiferInjectionInjection9 mgd
Source: SEWRPC Planning Report No. 52, http://www.sewrpc.org/watersupplystudy/chapters.asp
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Happy Thanksgiving!Happy Thanksgiving!
See you next month…