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DICAS

TEXTO

VERBO HAVE

VERBO GO

VERBO IRREG.

VIDEOS (LETRA)

TABLES - I

TABLES - II

ATTENTION

LESSON 01/40

LESSON 40/73

BOOK(COPY PDF)

Sons - letras p/ Ingles

EXERCCIOS ENGLISH

this project is true for you memorize -, see me there in group. you will need click on picture, ok! bye

or go http://www.baixaki.com.br/download/duolingo.htm and do download ok

DICAS

PASSOAS EM PRONOMES PESSOAIS E REFLEXIVOS EM ENGLISH, TEM O MESMO GRAU DE IMPORTNCIA DALNGUAPORTUGUESA.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Reconhecemos que, em uma seqencia tradicional, j deveramos ter falado ou estar falando dos verbos ser/estar e ter/haver, fundamentais em qualquer idioma. Mas chagaremos l. Afinal, voc diz: Eu sou, Ele , Ns temos...

Falemos dos pronomes.

PRONOMES PESSOAIS / PERSONAL PRONOUNS

CASO RETO (SUJEITO) / SUBJECT PRONOUNS

I EU

YOU VOCE, TU

HE ELE

SHE ELA

IT ELE, ELA (NEUTRO)

WE NS

YOU VOCS, VS

THEY ELES, ELAS

CASO OBLQUO (OBJETOS) / OBJECT PRONOUNS

ME ME, MIM

YOU LHE, O , A , TE, TI, A VOCE

HIM LHE, O, A ELE

HER LHE, A, A ELA

IT LHE, O, A

US NOS

YOU VOS LHES, A VOCS

THEM LHES, OS, AS

INDISPENSVEL QUE LHE SEJA ABSOLUTAMENTE CLARA A DIFERENA ENTRE SUJEITO E OBJETO.

We saw him at the restaurant.

Suj. obj.

(Ns o vimos no restaurante.)

Suj. obj.

You gave me a present.

Suj. obj.

(Voc (tu) me deu (deste) um presente.)

Suj. obj.

Observao:

You pronome reto (sujeito) e tambm pronome obliquo (objeto)

Mais alguns exemplos que voc poder traduzir:

I invited them to the party.

They invited me to the party.

She gave him the news.

He gave her the news.

They spoke to us in Spanish.

We spoke to them in Spanish.

DICAS DESTE BLOGGER - II

AS PREPOSIES IN, ON, AT

Decidimos dar a essas preposies um tratamento especial, em primeiro lugar devido ao seu uso muitssimo freqente tanto no english falado quanto no escrito e, em segundo lugar, pelas dificuldades que apresentam ao estudante desse idioma.

A nosso ver, no seria nenhum exagero dizer que a ltima coisa que um estudante de english aprende a usar com (certa) segurana so essas trs pequeninas, mas traioeiras, preposies.

S para voc ter uma idia, aqui est trs exemplos:

In those days... (naqueles dias, no sentido de naqueles tempos)

On that occasion... (naquela ocasio)

At that time... (naquele tempo, naquela poca)

Como justificar a diferena, se nos trs casos estamos nos referindo a tempo? Outro exemplo, que deixa qualquer um perplexo: on a train / on a plane / on a ship, mas in a car. Por que, se so todos meios de transporte?

Mas no se desespere. Sem nenhuma pretenso de dar ao tema um tratamento exaustivo (o que nenhum livro faz), vamos dar-lhe algumas dicas (a palavra regra seria perigosa), para voc sentir, pelo menos, alguma

Segurana no uso de at, on e in, como preposies de lugar, acrescentando alguns detalhes considerados importantes.

Empregamos at ao nos referirmos a um lugar como ponto definido.

Empregamos in ao nos referirmos a um lugar como rea definida.

Empregamos on ao nos referirmos a um lugar como superfcie.

AT, referindo-se a um determinado ponto:

Theres somente at the door.

Jim was standing at the bus stop.

We must be at the airport by 9 oclock.

Observaes:

Lembre-se de que em casa at home e no trabalho at work .

Corner pode ser esquina de uma rua ou canto de um cmodo de uma casa.

Ao nos referirmos a uma esquina, podemos usar at ou on:

The car was parked at the corner of the street.

There is a telephone booth on the corner.

Ao nos referirmos a um canto, devemos usar in:

Please put this chair in that corner of the room.

c) O uso de at comum, quando se refere a tempo:

At that time (naquele tempo, naquela poca)

At the same time (ao mesmo tempo)

At room, at midnight ( meia-noite); at dawn ( ao amanhecer)...

d) Dizemos tambm: at the beginning, at the end, at first (inicialmente), at last (finalmente), at least (no mnimo), at most (no mximo) etc.

Como veremos no final deste adendo, obrigatrio o emprego de at para expressar as horas do dia.

2 IN, referindo-se a uma determinada rea (pais, regio geogrfica, cidade, bairro, prdio, local dentro de uma cidade / prdio / casa).

Manuel was Born in Portugal, more precisely in Lisbon.

Porto Alegra is in the South of Brazil.

She usually has breakfast in the kitchen.

a) In the Office / at the Office, in the theater / at the thenter, at school / in the school.

Como se explica?

Ao usarmos in, estamo-nos referindo ao lugar como uma construo, um prdio. J com o at, a referncia um lugar como uma instituio, um local pblico.

I forgot my briefcase (pasta) in the Office. (prdio ou parte dele)

Mary had a hard day at the Office. (local de trabalho, portanto pblico)

Theres an interesting play (pea teatral) at the theater. (instituio, local pblico)

It was very hot in the theater last night. (prdio)

The children are at school. (instituio, estabelecimento pblico)

The children were in the school when the lights went out (se apagaram). (prdio)

b) desnecessrio enfatizar que in, cujo significado bsico dentro de, usado em frases como:

The Keys are in my pocket.

We always keep a few cans of beer in the fridge.

All the dirty clothes were put in the washer.

C) Lembre-se tambm das muitas locues nas quais empregamos in, dentre as quais destacamos algumas:

Frank and Susie are in Love... Are you in a hurry ? The boss was in a good mood.

In the morning/ afternoon / evening ... In the book... In the newspaper...

MAS on the front Page, on Page 25, in the air, in the Sky etc.

c) Lembre-se, finalmente, de que voc se refere a sua prpria casa com in e dos outros com at:

We are having a party in our house tonight and many o four friends are coming.

I was at Tonys house last night.

3 ON, referindo-se a um lugar como superfcie:

I Sat down on the sof.

There are books on the shelf (estante) and paintings (quadros) on the wall.

Dont sito n the Grass; its wet.

Therre was a beautiful crystal vase on the table.

There are lots of oranges on those trees.

Whats that man doing on the roof?

Observaes:

a) Endereos:

On rua, avenida, praa;

At nmero da casa, prdio, considerando que , em english, o nmero vem antes da rua:

We live at 735, Main Street.

Saint Patricks Cathedral, in New York, is on 5th Avenue.

b

) Lembre-se de que a gente diz:

My relatives live on a farm.

Who is that mano n a motorbike?

They used to have (tinham) a house on the coast (litoral).

Whats on your mind? (No que voc est pensando?)

Dizemos tambm: on the right, on the left, on the first / second / tenth floor (andar), on foot (a p), on the radio, on TV, on my / his / her ...way (a caminho) etc.

E, para terminar, uma regrinha infalvel (coisa rarssima em matria de preposies) sobre datas e hora:

Dia da semana e do ms ou dias especiais: on

Portanto- on Monday, on the 14th, on my birthday, on Christmas Day...

Ms e ano: in

Portanto- in May, in november, in 1995...

Mas - Paul was born on June 11th. (porque, alm do ms, o dia mencionado)

Hora: at

Portanto - The bus leaves at 10:15.

Our classes start at 8 and end at noon.

DICAS DESTE BLOGGER - III

PESSOAS aprenda a usar as palavras sempre em ingls, por exemplo BACK, que como substantivo significa costas, dorso, quando ligada a um verbo, tem o sentido de de voltar, sendo uma palavra muito usada no ingls coloquial.

Ex.:

To GO BACK voltar, ir de volta

Mr. Castro is GOING BACK to his Office.

(o sr. Castro est voltando para o escritrio.)

To COME BACK retornar, vir de volta

Please, COME BACK to me!

(Por favor, volte pra mim!

To GIVE BACK devolver

You must GIVE this book BACK by next week

(Voc tem que devolver este livro at a semana que vem.)

To PUT BACK - repor, pr de volta

Did she PUT the papers BACK in the file cabinet?

(Ela ps os papis de volta no arquivo?)

To pay back pagar, devolver dinheiro

Ill PAY you BACK next week.

(Devolvo o dinheiro para voc na semana que vem.)

Entre outros exemplos poderia citar a palavra play-back dos toca fitas e videocassetes e quem no conhece no mesmo?

A palavra ELSE

Muito comum no ingls coloquial, essa palavra vem sempre acompanhada de outra, com o significado de MAIS e, s vezes, de outro ou outra.

What ELSE do you want to know?

(que mais voc quer saber?)

Henry didnt say anything ELSE.

(O Henry no disse mais nada.)

I dont like this restaurant; lets go so me where ELSE!

(no gosto deste restaurante; vamos para outro lugar!)

She went with someone ELSE.

(ela foi como outra pessoa.)

Who ELSE was at the reception?

(quem mais estava na recepo?)

SAY E TELL

SAY dizer,declarar, dizer algo a algum (com to )

What did you say?

Jim Said (that) Hefelt very tired.

Mary sad to hermother: I need a new pairo f shoes.

TELL dizer, contaralgo a algum (sem to); mandar

Tell me what youthink about the case.

Dr. Jones told his secretary to type a letter.

Ernest told hisfather (that) he was going to the club.

Observao: sempreprefervel usar tell quando se menciona a pessoa a quem se diz. Portanto, oltimo exemplo com say ficaria melhor com tell.

Mary told her mother(that) she needed a new pair of shoes

Exemplos:

TO TELL THE TRUTH dizer, contar a verdade

To tell a lie contar uma mentira

TO TELL THE TIME DIZER AS HORAS

To tell He difference distinguir, diferenciar uma coisa de outra.

SPEAK E TALK

SPEAK falar;dirigir a palavra a

Charles speaksseveral languages.

I spoke to themanager about this problem.

TALK falar,conversar

What are you talkingabout?

The teacher wasannoyed because some students weretalking during class.

REMEMBER E REMIND

REMEMBER lembrar-se

Remember to study theverbs!

Do you rememberJohns telephone number?

REMIND fazerlembrar

Please, remind me to bring the tape I promisedto lend you.

WEAR E USE

WEAR usar, trajar(refere-se a tudo o que se pe sobre ocorpo)

Betty was wearing abeautiful green dress.

She doesnt like towear jewelry.

Does Mrs Smith wear glasses?

USE - usar, utilizar

May I use your pen?

He used a false namein order to hide his identity.

START E BEGIN

START comerar, iniciar

The game startedat 4 P.M.

BEGIN comerar,iniciar.

Lets Begin themeeting right away so we can finish before noon.

Observao: Embora teoricamente no haja diferena entreesse dois verbos, na prtica, start bem mais usado.

DO; DOES; DID (enfatizantes)

Voc j sabe que 'to do' o verbo auxiliar mais usado e tambm se usa nas formas interrogativas e negativas do 'simple present' e do 'simple past' de todos os verbos, com exceo do verbo 'to be' e dos modals. Convm lembrar que, alm disso, do, does e did so freqentemente empregados como enfatizantes (na maioria das vezes em dilogos), no sentido de de fato, realmente, para insistir se eu algum realmente fez isso ou aquilo, ou que isso ou aquilo de fato aconteceu.

But Jane did GO toLondon; she sent me a postcard from there!

(Mas a Jane foi a Londres; ela me mandou um carto-postal de l!)

Frank did say that; I heard it myself!

(O Frank realmente disse isso; eu mesmo o ouvi!

But Susan does speak Russian; she lived inMoscowfor 10 years.

(Mas a Susan fala russo; ela morou em Moscou por 10 anos)

You do play the saxophone, dont you?

(voc toca saxophone no toca?)

NUMBERS

0 - zero (oh); 1 one; 2 two ; 3 - three ; 4 four; 5- five ;

6 six ; 7 - seven ; 8 - eight ; 9- nine; 10 ten

Quando voc fala um numero ou dita um a outra pessoa ao telefone, lembre-se ou numero por numero ou dezenas por dezena, mas, neste caso numero por numero e, quando houver repetio de trs fale numero por numero por outra, quando houver dezenas com numeros iguais fale Double Five (55) cinco duas vezes, mas use e fale Double five sempre. Isto valido para todo e qualquer numero em dezena dupla, bem como o zero (0) oh diga sempre (oh) or double oh (00) .

DICAS DESTE BLOGGER - IV

PESSOAS,

- uma dica muito valiosa para todos AQUELES que querem de fato estudar ou aprender English - necessrio alm de saber o portugus QUE O brasileiro tambm saiba gramtica porque, o conteudo esta implicito de igualdade e entendimento nas demais gramaticas do mundo, pelas inumeras leis de convenes que existem por ai dos acordos internacionais. OK!

- do contrario voce somente estar aprendendo a memorizar e a guarda informaes ou palavras, e isto no justo para quem quer aprender de fato no mesmo.

beijos no corao.

DICAS DESTE BLOGGER - V

PESSOAS

ESTOU AQUI PARA DIZER QUEVOCES NECESSITAM APRENDER URGENTEMENTEA FONAODAS LETRASEM ENGLISHNOIMPORTAOS MOTIVOS QUE AT O PRESENTE MOMENTO VOCE NO TENHA FEITO -, BASICAM PARA VOCES:

1 VOCES VO APRENDER MAIS RAPIDO A LER E A PENSAR EM ENGLISH .

2 VOCES VO ESCREVER INTUITIVAMENTEAS PALAVRAS . NESTE CASOQUANDO VOCES ESTIVEREM NO SUPERMERCADO NA RUA PRATICANDO A SUA PROPRIA LEI DA AO E DO MOVIMENTOLEIA NO PROPRIODIA A DIA OS OBJETOS /SOLETRE E ACRESCENTE FRASES PEQUENAS- ARISQUE SEMPRE.

3 A TECNICA DE FONAOVEM NO AUXILIO DA ESCRITA PARA QUE TENHA UMA EXCELENTE MEMORIAOS SONS PASSAM A SER SEU AMIGO E QUANDO ERRA ESCREVA TRES VEZES CADA PALAVRA FAZ BEM O EXERCICIO PARA QUE A MEMORIA AUXILIEVOCE TANTO NA AO COMO NA MOVIMENTO DAS PALAVRAS.

4 PEGUEO DICIONRIODE PREFERENTIA UM QUE FALEE OUTRO MANUALQUE TENHAA FONAOAO LADO DIREITO DE CADA PALAVRA ESTE PODE SER DE CASAMESMOE FAA O SEGUINTE EXERCICIOUSEE ESCREVA O ALFABETODEA .........ZDEPOIS VA AO DICIONRIOMANUAL BUSQUEAS LETRAS DO ALFABETOE ESCREVA ABAIXO DE CADA LETRA A FONAOENSEGUIDARECORRA AO DA INTERNETE E VEJA SE ACERTO OU ERROE NO DEIXE DE OUVIR MUSICAS PARA INTERPLETAR O TEXTO AUDIO MUITO IMPORTANTE VOCE RECONHECER AS PALAVRASNA VOZ DE QUEM CANTA. ENCARE COMO UM DITADO.

H BEIJOS NO CORAOJUIZO.

EDUCAO E EDUCAR SEMPRE VALE APENA PERSONAS

Se no for dispensadoa forma de tratamento sempre useMr. Ou MS./Miss.Mrs

Leiamais :

TITLES

For males: masculino

Mr. (nico)

Forfemales: feminino

Ms.

Miss

Mrs.

Use titles with older people:

GOOD MORNING, Mr,Oliveira.

Use titles to show respect:

GOOD EVENING,Mrs. Oliveira.

(in this is a couple Oliveira - casal OK)

DICAS DESTE BLOGGER - VI

Pessoas no se esqueam de lembrar que o verbo em English apesar de nos brasileiros (pessoas) no termos que gravar/memorizar tantas vozes do verbo em English (conjugao - eu sou, tu s) nos temos que entender que no total da frase(extenso)necessitamos da rgua do tempo como marcador temporal present/past/participle/future (sempre) porque as vozes que nos brasileiros somos obrigados a memorizar de todos os verbos como ele escreve e na totalidade DA FRASE temos por exemplo: we (pronome da 1 plural) + were (verbo no plural) = nos estvamos; ou you were (tu estavas - singular) formando nmero/gnero/ grau e coisa (fem./masc.) deste verbo a voz ficar you were (vocs esto) somente altera no pronome da 3 pessoa do singular he/she/it.

no english se tem apenas duas formas de escrever - exemplo acima was/were e duas vozes e nos brasileiros varias.

Ateno+++++ lembre-se:

- quando voc estiver perdido desenhe a rgua de marcao temporal no seu pensamento isto te ajudar a se encontrar as vozes do verbo que igual do portugus.

- use o quanto desejar as palavras que te ajudaram a lembrar o tempo da fala exemplo: dois anos atrs(two years ago) / ontem(yestarday) /

amanh(tomorrow) / noite(night) / hoje(today) e outros...

- nunca se esqueam do singular e do plural das vozes e no errem na terceira pessoa do singular, pois o He/she/it necessita do S sempre REGRA.

PESSOAS na duvida use sempre o IT(pronome neutro) para distinguir she/He- lembra da regra em portugusquando a coisa se torna pessoaou vice-versa e se voc no souber usar use She para feminino e He para masculino SE a duvida persistiruseIt (coisa/pessoa - pronome neutro).

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Para conhecer mais - videos

Veja os vdeos seguintes para conhecer mais sobre os tempos verbais estudados.

Present to be:

http://inglesvip.tripod.com/gramatica/tobe_presente.htm

Present Continuous:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RYdMEDfRdU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rQqdSagoOU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcWFBjANh_M

Simple Present:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiXAWq852Ts

Sons english X portugus

Sons:

English - PortugusEI - A

EE. - E

AI - I

OU. - O

IU. - U

0,1 - 2,3... consoante fica em portugus o som e de zero(0) a uma(1) fica o som portugus.

Word

E m a i lE. M. A. I. L

Quantas vogais - 3 = e, a, i

Quantas consoantes - 2 = M, L

Logo

Ler em portugus

O que faz o som se torna ei ou...

E a quantidade de consoantes entre eles (vogais)

E. M. A. I. L - tem:

ee M ei ai L. o 'ai'. Se torna nulo i (ai) de traz para frente perde o som e volta para 'i' ou afetado pelo som seguinte i. de ei. = ei:

Sons = se l. ( imei:l )

(1). , (0) n de consoante entre vogais entre as vogais I e A e EObserve que entre 'I' e 'A' tem zero (0) consoante e entre 'I' para o 'A' o som 'ai' se torna nulo permanecendo o som do 'ei' = 'ei:'Entre A e E tem uma (1) consoante ficando o som de com extenso = 'ee' - 'i:'

Por por regra : observe que o som das vogais sera afetado dependendo do numero de consoantes entre as vogais pulando de traz para a frente podendo ser anulado o primeiro som.

Twitter = 2 vogais entre 2 consoantes

T. W. I. T. T. E. R

2. Ento o 'i' ser afetado porque o que antecede o som so 2 consoantes (se 2 consoantes ou mais fica o som em portugus ) = i2 ver tabela sempre. Por regra : Se ficar na segunda com 2 ou mais consoante permanece o som da letra em portugus. De zero(0) a uma (1) consoante fica o som em english.

Assista o video com explicao na web abaixo:http://www.sbt.com.br/ratinho/

LEMBRETE

PESSOAS AQUI VALE UMA LEMBRANA - ABAIXO DAS MUSICAS ESTO TODOS OS ARQUIVOS DAS LIES PUBLICADAS E NAS GUIAS ACIMA DESTES OS TEXTOS ETC. VALE APENA CONFERIR. Para copiar basta selecionar, copiar e colar no seu word.

PESSOAS esta no uma dica

observao de quem anda por ai:

Pessoas quero deixar aqui para voc, que esta nos acompanhando -, uma nova lio que ler "leia" sempre no importando o nvel do livro em english ou grau de instruo, o que voc tem que encontrar a sua frente e identificar so: primeiro - ler importa principalmente em interpletar o texto e o contexto e, entender identificar o contedo tambm, compreender o movimento e a ao do texto e das palavras; embora, em forma de ao e movimento temos que reconhecer cada elemento e adotar um dicionrio principalmente enquanto lemos, que um amigo daquele que no tem tempo ou considera que no tem memria de elefante. Pessoas, ainda lembrando que,o contedo importante dentro do contexto por que voce necessita identificar a palavra chave e observar na lei do movimento bem como da ao, para quem faz algo ou deseja faz-lo identificando o objeto realizado ou a realizar dentro do texto para o contexto ou vise versa (no se esquea que os adjetivos, substantivos e verbos formam este estudo para analisar e entender a direo desejada no texto e contexto) .+++ por exemplo - um livro de english infantil tem contedo, mas, principalmente contexto (passos que talvez no imaginamos fazer parte da gramtica, mas que identificada a informao ) -, esta matria vale para aqueles que pensam que o primeiro grau no valeu - pense melhor porque no segundo grau ainda matria de portugus - valeu!++++ pessoas leiam livros de english TAMBM infantil por que al voce encontrar dicas de pequenos movimentos e de aes que no recordamos dos passos e vamos correndo o mundo buscando mais, e no fiquem somente with child's books adote outro nvel.

OBS.: PESSOAL PARA AQUELES QUE NO SABEM AINDA SOU ESTUDANTE DE ENGLISH (Nvel Avanado) - nem por isto terei que saber tudo -, obrigada

LESSON SIXTY EIGHT

CAUSATIVE USE OF HAVE

Para indicar uma ao realizada para algum a nosso pedido ou em nosso favor, usamos uma forma apropriada do verbo to HAVE ou to GET e o particpio passado do verbo principal.

Ex.: I often have my car washed.

I often get my car washed.

He had this house painted.

He got his house painted.

We will have our hair cult tomorrow.

We will get our hair cut tomorrow.

Pessoas esta vale lembrar - o que preposio - uma palavra que estabelece relao entre palavras na mesma orao

Pessoas voc necessita fazer exerccios dos cursos livre da internet para complemento das fases Elementary, Intermediate e Advanced with possessive adjectives and pronouns para seu prprio entendimento, por exemplo:

ELEMENTARY

Check A if the subject performed the action and B when someone else did it.

1 She cleans her room every day. ( )

2 I took a picture yesterday. ( )

3 Judy was making her dress. ( )

INTERMEDIATE

Transform the sentences using causative have.

1 They are washing their car now.

______________________________________________

2 I have brushed my hair.

______________________________________________

3 Ill publish my poems some day.

______________________________________________

ADVANCED

Write sentences.

Example: Cindy/ mail / the letters / tomorrow.

Cindy will have the letters mailed tomorrow.

1 I? just press? My clothes

_____________________________________________

2 Bob? pull? two teeth? Next week

_____________________________________________

3 Doris ? do? The dishes ? every day

____________________________________________

LESSON SIXTY NINE

IT TAKES

Usa-se it takes pra expressar o perodo de tempo que se leva para realizar uma ao.

Ex.: It takes me 20 minutes to GO from home to school. It will take us 30 minutes to clean our room.

Pessoas esta vale lembrar - o que preposio - uma palavra que estabelece relao entre


ELEMENTARY

Rewrite the sentences using it takes, it took or it will take.

Example: He goes to school in 10 minutes.

It takes him 10 minutes to go to school.

1 I recovered from my cold in a week.

_______________________________________

2 She went to work in 45 minutes.

_______________________________________

3 Youll reach him in 20 minutes.

_______________________________________

INTERMEDIATE

Answer these questions.

1 How long does it take her to write a report? (30 minutes)

______________________________________________

2 How long does it take you to clean the house? (one day)

______________________________________________

3 How long will it take you to go to Rome? (7 hours)

______________________________________________

LESSON SEVENTY

GERUND

O gerndio uma forma verbal caracterizada pela terminao ing e funciona como substantivo.Ex.: Swimming is good to our body

O gerndio tambm usado:a)Aps preposies.Ex.: She is tired of working.b)Aps os verbos come e go (quando indicarem atividade fsica).Ex.: Lets GO shopping.c)Aps os verbos: admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, continue, delay, detest, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, suggest, stop, try e understand.Ex.: He admitted being wrong.

Assim como o gerndio, o particpio presente tambm caracterizado pelaterminao ing. O particpio presente usado para formar tempos contnuos.Ex.: He is playing the guitar now.



ELEMENTARY

I Supply the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses. 1 The man admitted(steal) the jewelry.2 She is very fond of .(swim).3 They would appreciate(hear) from you.

LESSON SEVENTY ONE

INFINITIVE

O infinitivo a forma original do verbo e pode aparecer com ou sem a partcula to.Usa-se o infinitivo sem to:a)Aps os verbos anmalos, os verbos auxiliares do e Will e os verbos make e let.Ex.: I can swim. Do you like coffee? Let me go. b)Aps as conjunes but e except.Ex.: I will do nothing but cry.

Usa-se o infinitivo com to:a)Aps os verbos tell, invite, teach, remind, wish, desire, want.Ex.: I want to go home. He told me to stop.b)Aps as palavras too, enough, the first, the second, the last, the only.Ex.: We are too young to die. I was the first one to arrive. c)Aps adjetivos.Ex.: This exercise is fifficult to do.

Ateno! O verbo help aceita infinitivo com ou sem to. Ex.: They helped us do our homework. They helped us to do our homework.



INTERMEDIATE

I Supply the infinitive with or without to. 1 Lets(dance), shall we?2 Its hard .(study) all day.3 Ill do anything for you but(wash) your car.SalvarII Supply the infinitive with or without to.

1 It is wrong(treat) animals cruelly.2 Please, let me ..(study) here.3 I made him.(answer) the letter.

LESSON SEVENTY TWO

INFINITEVE AND GERUND

Os verbos feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch podem ser seguidos de gerndio ou de infinitivo sem to. Ex.: They watched tehe birds flying. They watched the bids fly.Verbos que podem seguindos de gerndio ou de infinivo com to:

adviseforgetpermitallowhatepreferattemptintendrememberbeginlikestartcontinuelovestopdislikeneglecttryEx.: I hate getting up early.I hate to get up early.

Os verbos advise, permit e allow, acompanhados de objeto direto, so seguidos do infinitivo com to. No havendo objeto direto, esses verbos so seguidos apenas de gerndio.Ex.: He allowed us to smoke. He allowed us smoking.Observe o verbo stop: They stopped to talk. (Eles pararam para converser.) They stopped talking. (Eles pararam de conversar.)



INTERMEDIATE

Supply the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in parentheses.

1 I heard you.(sing.)

2 We observed the bird(make) is nest.3 - They started.(look) for the criminal.

ADVANCED

Supply the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in parentheses.

1 They had a bath before.(go) to school.2 Its hard..(study) all day.3 We heard the baby.(cry).

LESSON SEVENTY THREE

WOULD RATHER / HAD BETTER

Would rather (d rather) expressa preferncia. Ex.: Im tired. I would rather take a taxi than walk home.Had better (d better) expressa conselho. Ex.: You look sick. You had better see a doctor.



ELEMENTARY

Supply would rather or had better.

1 I .eat in a restaurant than at home.2 Herest a while. Hes been working for five hours.3 - You.go to the dentist immediately.

INTERMEDIATE

I Transform these sentences in order to introduce would rather or had better. 1 It will be better if you take an umbrella.____________________________________2 She prefers to go by car. She doesnt like to walk.____________________________________3 It will be better if I go home now. Its very late.____________________________________

II Supply the correct tag ending.

1 Youd rather spend the winter in the mountains,..?2 The doctord rather examine him in this office,?3 Shed better see him after lunch,..?

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Pistas tipogrficas

Elementos visuais chamados de pistas tipogrficas podem ajudar na compreenso do texto. Como por exemplo: figuras, datas, nmeros, tabelas, entre outras. Estas dicas so informaes que encontramos igualmente no texto.

Outras pistas tipogrficas so os recursos de escrita como:

- (aspas) destacam palavras ou identificam o discurso direto;

- ( ) (parnteses) trazem uma explicao, ou ainda, uma ideia integrada ao texto.

- negrito faz realce a um destaque de ideia, termo ou palavra;

- itlico da mesma forma que o negrito, destaca uma ideia, palavra, termo, menos relevante que o negrito.

-... (reticncias) ressaltam a continuao de uma ideia;

Vamos tentar colocar em prtica todas as estratgias que revisamos e as que aprendemos? Leia os textos em busca da ideia geral. Faa isso como um exerccio mental. Use o maior nmero de estratgias aqui trabalhadas. Em caso de dvida entre em contato com seus colegas, professores, ou tutores.

Texto I: Distance education helps people who work and can study in the usual time. In this modality, students have to interact a lot, the entire time. If you want to study in this modality you need to know how to work with technology (like video, computer and data).

Uma estratgia que pode ser usada neste texto so as palavras transparentes, que nos auxiliam a atingir o assunto do texto que poderia ser: educao a distncia (Distance education); study-estudar; o pblico alvo so os estudantes verificamos isso com a palavra transparente students.

Nas atividades de prtica treinaremos mais as estratgias de leitura.

Passemos agora para o prximo tpico da unidade: o tempo presente.

Presente:

Na lngua inglesa temos diferentes formas de presente: o inicial e mais bsico de todos serve para descrever pessoas, coisas e animais, localiz-los, dizer como esto. o tempo presente do verbo to be (ser e estar). Vamos revis-lo e aprender mais alguns aspectos sobre ele e aps seguir para os outros tipos de tempo presente que existem na lngua inglesa e observar o seu uso.

O verbo to be significa ser ou estar. um verbo que precisamos conhecer em todas as suas formas, pois dele dependem outros tempos verbais a serem desenvolvidos e produzidos.

This is Mary. She is Australian. She is in Toronto at this moment. She goes to Mexico twice a week. She is a lawyer. Shes tall and thin. My brother is her boyfriend. They love each other.

Vocabulary:

each other = um ao outro

lawyer = advogada

Percebam que o texto acima est no presente. Atravs dele obtemos informaes como: nome, profisso, nacionalidade, aparncia fsica e as pessoas relacionadas moa do texto.

O verbo responsvel por estas informaes o to be. Recordemos um pouco da estrutura desse verbo.

Segue na tabela abaixo o verbo to be nas suas principais formas: afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa, bem como em suas formas contradas.

Pronome Pessoal

Afirmativo

Negativo

Interrogativo

I

Am (m)

Am not (m not)

Am I?

You

Are (re)

Are not (re not) = arent

Are you?

He / she/ it

Is (s)

Is not (s not) = isnt

Is he/she/it?

We

Are (re)


Are we?

You

Are (re)


Are you?

They

Are (re)


Are they?

Observaes:

Pequenas dicas que so importantes para usarmos ou apneas o reconhecermos em um texto.

1) Observe que she, he, e it equivalem TERCEIRA PESSOA DO SINGULAR. Assim, eles apresentam a mesma conjugao em qualquer tempo verbal.

Compreendendo os textos em lngua inglesa

2) Ao lado das formas verbais, entre parnteses, encontramos as formas contradas (abreviadas) de cada verbo. Essas so as formas simplificadas para se escrever, ou geralmente associadas fala (oralidade).

3) O pronome you significa voc ou vocs podendo ser singular, ou plural, dependendo do contexto. Ambos possuem a mesma conjugao.

Nos exemplos abaixo percebemos a diferena entre os dois. Notem a importncia de se observar o contexto:

a) You are a good secretary.= Voc uma boa secretria.

b) You are excellent doctors.= Vocs so timos mdicos.

Um indicador que o exemplo a) equivale a singular o artigo indefinido a (um, uma), indicador de singular. Outra pista a palavra secretary que tambm se encontra no singular. Ambos demonstram que o pronome You da frase relaciona-se a voc (singular).

No exemplo b) vemos que a profisso est no plural - doctors- mostrando que o pronome you diz respeito a vocs (plural).

4) Para fazermos a forma negativa precisamos apenas acrescentar o not aps o verbo to be.

Exemplo: He is not nervous.

5) Para fazermos a forma interrogativa, basta modificarmos a posio do verbo e do pronome pessoal, invertendo ambos.

Exemplo: Is she a nurse?

Lembraram um pouco deste tempo verbal e do prprio verbo?

Vamos estudar agora outra forma verbal que utiliza o verbo to be conhecida como Presente Contnuo ou Progressivo:

Prestem ateno ao texto:

Marlon is Richards brother. They live together in New York. Their family live at the same house. There are about 9 family members in the same place. Lets check what everybody is doing. Mr and Mrs Smith are watching TV, theyre Marlons parents. Dorothy and Michael are Marlons grandparents. He is reading the newspaper and she is knitting. Cezar is Marlons cousin. He is studying with a friend in the library. Richard is listening to music in the living room. Nelci and Jason are Marlons godparents. She is swimming in the pool and he is watering the plants in the garden. Cathy is Cezars girlfriend. She is running in the yard, she loves to exercise.

Quando interpretamos o texto percebemos que muitas pessoas esto fazendo coisas ao mesmo tempo, ou seja, as aes esto sendo descritas de forma progressiva, quando ainda esto acontecendo. Esta uma das caractersticas do tempo Presente

Quando interpretamos o texto percebemos que muitas pessoas esto fazendo coisas ao mesmo tempo, ou seja, as aes esto sendo descritas de forma progressiva, quando ainda esto acontecendo. Esta uma das caractersticas do tempo Presente Contnuo.

Presente Progressivo ou Presente Continuo

Este tempo verbal depende do verbo to be para ser constitudo. O verbo to be ser usado como auxiliar e sua traduo ser estar. Aps o verbo to be acrescentamos o verbo principal no gerndioING). Vamos visualizar o que estamos mencionando:

Estrutura:

Verbo to be no presente (am/ are/ is) + verbo principal com o acrscimo do -ing.

Exemplo:

We are running. Ns estamos correndo.

Quando este tipo de presente aparecer no texto ele indicar:

Que as aes esto acontecendo no momento da fala, ou seja, que esto em progresso;

Exemplo: He is driving a truck at this moment.

(Ele est dirigindo um caminho neste momento.)

Que as aes esto ocorrendo prximo do momento da fala (um pouco antes, um pouco aps);

Que as aes se desenvolvero em um futuro prximo;

Exemplo: He is not coming to the meeting in the evening. (Ele no no vir para a reunio a noite.)

Que as aes so temporrias;

Um aspecto que torna esse tempo fcil para ns, o fato de podermos traduzi-lo de forma literal, pois o -ing tem equivalncia ao - ando, -endo e -indo da lngua portuguesa, em outras palavras ao gerndio.

Vejam na tabela abaixo um resumo da estrutura do tempo Presente Contnuo. Utilizamos como exemplo o verbo drink (tomar, beber).

Verb To Drink. Present Continuous / Progressive

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

Plural

I am drinking

I am not drinking

Am I drinking?

Youre drinking.

You are not drinking .

Are.you.drinking?

He is drinking.

He is not drinking.

Is he drinking?

She is drinking.

She is not drinking.

Is she drinking?

It is drinking.

It is not drinking.

Is it drinking?

Singular

We are drinking.

We are not drinking.

Are we drinking?

You.are drinking.

You.are.not eating.

Are.you eating?

They.are drinking.

They are not eating.

Are they eating?

Expresses de tempo que geralmente indicam esse tempo verbal:

- currently (atualmente); now (agora); at the moment (no momento); today (hoje);

Porm, no esquea que quando esse tempo indicar futuro as expresses empregadas indicaro futuro prximo como:

- tomorrow (amanh); tonight (hoje noite); next week (na prxima semana).

Notem que existem algumas regras ortogrficas quanto ao acrscimo do -ing ao verbo:

a) Regra geral: apenas colocamos -ing.

Exemplo: They are talking. (Eles esto conversando).

To talk= conversar

b) Verbos terminados em e: elimina-se o -e e acrescenta-se o -ing.

Exemplo: We are dancing samba. ( Ns estamos danando samba)

To dance= danar

Exceo a esta regra: o verbo to be no sofre alterao, acrescenta-se o ing (being).

c) Verbos terminados em ie: troca-se o -ie por -y e adiciona-se -ing.

Exemplo: I am lying to them. (Eu estou mentindo para eles).

to lie= mentir.

d) Verbos curtos de uma ou duas slabas. No caso dos verbos de duas slabas, a ltima tnica e terminada por consoante, vogal, consoante: dobra-se a ltima consoante e acrescenta-se -ing.

Exemplo: She is cutting the bread. ( Ela est cortando o po)

H alguns verbos que no so conjugados no Presente Contnuo. Por exemplo:

Believe, care, concern, consist of, dislike, doubt, feel (think), forget, forgive, hate, have, hear, keep on, know, like, listen, love, matter, mean, mind (com o sentido de care about), notice, owe, own, possess, prefer, realize, recognize, see, seem, sound, think.

Veremos a seguir o ltimo tempo verbal que estudaremos nesta aula sobre o Presente, conhecido como Presente Simples.

Vamos observar os trs tempos juntos, pois assim que eles provavelmente aparecero nos textos.

Leiam o texto abaixo:

I am Maggie. I live with my husband Charles in a wonderful house. We work in the same company, we are engineers. We really like what we do. Actually, Charles likes more. We try to be good professionals. At moment, we are at home, in the library. We are studying about our area and exchanging ideas. Its nice to work in the same area as my husband.

Presente Simples

Este tempo verbal usado para expressar:

Verdades universais.

Exemplo: Birds fly. (Aves voam)

Expressar a rotina.

Exemplo: I study every week.

(Eu estudo todas as semanas)

Afirmativas

Na forma afirmativa coloca-se o verbo aps o pronome sem o to.

Exemplo: to drive= dirigir

I drive

You drive

We drive

They drive

Para as terceiras pessoas do singular He, She, It deve-se adicionar s ao verbo, como regra geral:

He helps his mother. ( Ele ajuda sua me). To help=ajudar

Trocando Ideias

Advrbios comuns encontrados nesse tempo verbal:

every- cada

never- nunca

always- sempre

often- geralmente

frequently- frequentemente

seldom- raramente

rarely- raramente

sometimes = as vezes

Compreendendo os textos em lngua inglesa

Essa regra para as terceiras pessoas do singular possui algumas modificaes ortogrficas especficas conforme apresentamos a seguir:

Verbos terminados em s, sh, ch, x, o, z: adiciona-se ES.

Exemplos:

a) dress= vestir- He dresses the baby.

b) go = ir- She goes home.

c) fix= consertar- He fixes the car.

ies para verbos terminados em -y e precedidos por consoante antes do -y.

Exemplos: She studies English. To study- estudar

Interrogativas

Para fazer sentenas interrogativas, usamos o auxiliar DO para I/ you/ we/ you/ they e DOES para he/ she/ it - antes do sujeito.

Exemplos:

- Do you go home ? (Voc vai para casa?)

- Does she drive slowly ? (Ela dirige devagar? )

Negativas

Para fazer uma frase negativa, precisamos apenas colocar not depois do DO ou DOES:

- I do not (dont) live in Rio de Janeiro (eu no moro no Rio de Janeiro)

- She does not (doesnt) study here. (ela no estuda aqui)

Informaes:

Pesquisa: Universidade cruzeiro do sul - Classes virtuais de Ingls tcnico

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Quotation on love

Vincent Van Gogh "Love is something eternal; the aspect may change, but not the essence."Henry Ward Beecher "Young love is a flame; very pretty, often very hot and fierce, but still only light and flickering. The love of the older and disciplined heart is as coals, deep-burning, unquenchable."Gilbert K. Chesterton"The way to love anything is to realize that it might be lost."Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe "That is the true season of love; when we believe that we alone can love, that no one could ever have loved as much before, and that no one will ever love in the same way again."Virginia Woolf "For love... has two faces; one white, the other black; two bodies; one smooth, the other hairy. It has two hands, two feet, two tails, two, indeed, of every member and each one is the exact opposite of the other. Yet, so strictly are they joined together"Fyodor Dostoevski "Love all that has been created by God, both the whole and every grain of sand. Love every leaf and every ray of light. Love the beasts and the birds, love the plants, love every separate fragment. If you love each fragment, you will understand the mystery of the whole resting in God."Etienne "We always come back to our first love."Gary Zukav"When you interact with another, an illusion is part of this dynamic. This illusion allows each soul to perceive what it needs to understands in order to heal."John Dryden"Love works a different way in different minds, the fool it enlightens and the wise it blinds."Johannes Tauler "For where there is true love, a man is neither out of measure lifted up by prosperity, nor cast down by mishap; whether you give or take away from him, so long as he keeps his beloved, he has a spring of inward peace. Thus, even though thy outward man grieve, or weep downright, that may well be borne, if only thy inner man remain at peace, perfectly content with the will of God."Irwin Federman"People love others not for who they are, but for how they make them feel."Mark Van Doren"To fail to love is not to exist at all."Jean Anouilh"There is love of course. And then there's life, its enemy."Sting "Love is stronger than justice."Zelda Fitzgerald "I don't want to live -- I want to love first, and live incidentally."Francois De La Rochefoucauld"If we are to judge of love by its consequences, it more nearly resembles hatred than friendship."http://www.curso-ingles.com/videos/directorio/queen/radio-ga-ga.htmlhttp://www.curso-ingles.com/expresiones-ingles.php?id=111

ARTIGO

GRAMMAR TABLE (FOOTSTEPS)Advertncia: saber quando usar e quando omitir o artigo tanto definido como indefinido uma das coisas mais difceis para o estrangeiro que aprende ingls. Somente o fato de que o artigo fundamental, em qualquer idioma, leva-nos a abordar, logo de incio passando a ser um dos bichos-de-sete-cabeas da gramtica inglesa.

Felizmente coisas mais amenas viro pela frente! ... .s regras bsicas so, onde o ingls difere do portugus.

O artigo definido o, a , os , as

The definite article THE

Regra fundamental

Quando o substantivo usado em sentido genrico, omite-se o artigo.

Children like toys.

(as crianas gostam de brinquedos.)

Brazilians Love soccer.

(Os brasileiros adoram futebol.)

Music is na art.

(A msica uma arte.)

Os substantivos cantveis (countable nouns) so aqueles que admitem o plural, ou seja, a maioria.

Os substantivos no contveis (uncountable nouns) so os que, em ingls (s vezes, tambm, em portugus), no admitem plural.

Gold (ouro) - information (informao) Money (dinheiro) advice (conselho)

Porm, quando o substantivo contvel e est sendo usado em sentido genrico, no singular emprega-se o artigo.

The cat is a domestic animal.

(O gato um animal domstico.)

cats are domestic animals.

(Os gatos so animas domsticos.)

The computer is a Wonder of technology.

(O computador uma maravilha da tecnologia.)

Computers are wonders of technology.)

(Os computadores so maravilhas da tecnologia.)

Veja mais o artigo omitido apenas no plural. No singular, no!

Quando o substantivo usado em sentido especfico, emprega-se o artigo.

The children that are studying....

(As crianas que esto estudando....)

The Brazilians Who went to the USA...

(Os brasileiros que foram para os EUA...)

The music written by Mozart.....

( a msica escrita por Mozart...)

PESSOAS - observe que a pessoa que fala no est se referindo a criana, brasileiros e musica em geral, mas a determinadas crianas, determinados brasileiros, determinada musica

TABLES - I

LESSON ONE

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Subject Pronouns

Object Pronouns

I

you

he

she

it

we

you

they

me

you

him

her

it

us

you

them

- Pronome sujeito: usado como sujeito da orao.

Exemple: I am Brazilian.

- Pronome objeto: usado como objeto direto ou objeto indireto.

Exemple: Bob loves her.

Oraes com dois objetos:

Exemplos: He gave me some flowers. (enfatiza o objeto direto)

He gave some flowers to me. (enfatiza o objeto indireto)

Voc necessita fazer execicios dos cursos livre da internet para complemento das fases Elementary, Intermediate e Advanced with possessive adjectives and pronouns para seu prprio entendimento por exemplo:

ELEMENTARY

Choose the correct alternative.

1 (We, Us) ofters get up early.

2 I usually meet (him, he) at school.

3 What is the problem with (they, them)?

INTERMEDIATE

Substitute the correst pronouns for the underlined word(s).

1 Apes are very intelligent animals.

2 The teacher is doing her work in the teachers room.

3 - Whats the problem with the girls?

ADVANCED

Transform the sentences.

Example: She is making a cake for Dad(him). See more in table

She is making him a cake.

1 He is writing a card to her.

2 They are buying a birthday present to their mother.

3 He always asks difficult questions to us.

LESSON TWO

POSSESSEVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS

Possessive Adjectives

Possessive Pronouns

My

Mine

Your

Yours

His

His

Her

Hers

Its

Its

Our

Ours

Your

Yours

Their

theirs

- Adjetivo possessivo: precede o subtantivo.

Exemple: This is my book.

- Pronome possessivo: substitui o substantive.

Exemple: That book is mine.

- Os possessivos geralmente concordam com o possuidor

Exemple: I love my girl, you love yours.

She is a friend of mine. (one of my friends)


ELEMENTARY


1 I am doing (my, mine) homework.

2 (our, ours) magazine is here, where are their theirs)?

3 Sally is reading (her, hers) English book, Tom is reading (his, its).

INTERMEDIATE

Supply the correct possessives.

1 John writes-------------composition and we dont write-----------.

2 The boys are waiting for -----------girlfriends.

3 - Ted, are those some of ----------friends?

ADVANCED

Supply the correct possessives for the words in italics.

1 Marys books are on the table. Where are our books?

2 The girls shoes arent here.

3 This is Toms skate, I cant find your skate.

LESSON THREE

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS

Afirmativa

Negativa

Interrogativa

I am

I Am not

Am I?

You are

You are not

Are you?

He is

He is not

Is he?

She is

She is not

Is she?

It is

It is not

Is it?

We are

We are not

Are we?

You are

You are not

Are you?

They are

They are not

Are they?

Forma-se a negative colocando-se not aps o verbo.

Forma-se a interrogative colocando-se o verbo antes do sujeito.

Formas abreviadas: re (are), s (is), isnt (is not), arent (are not).


ELEMENTARY

Supplay the verb to be in the Present Tense.

1 Jack-----------hungry.

2 Mr. Lee and I ---------very good friends.

3 My house--------------on Lincoln Street.

INTERMEDIATE

Supply the verb to be in the Present Tense.

1 Our company------------- on Copley Road.

2 I------------Brazilian. My hometown -----------Recife.

3 - ------------your shoes in th closet?

ADVANCED

Put sentences 1 to 3 into the negative and sentences 4 to 6 into the interrogative form.


1 They are at home.

2 Franks our best friend.

3 Apples are expensive this week.

4 - Im angry with you.

5 My answers are correct.

6 Their book is on the table.

LESSON FOUR

LESSON FOUR

TO BE (past tense)

Afirmativa

Negativa

Interrogativa

I was

I was not

was I?

You were

You were not

were you?

He was

He was not

was he?

She was

She was not

was she?

It was

It was not

was it?

We were

We were not

were we?

You were

You were not

were you?

They were

They were not

were they?

Forma-se a negative colocando-se not aps o verbo.

Forma-se a interrogative colocando-se o verbo antes do sujeito.

Formas abreviadas: wasnt (was not), werent (were not).

Voc necessita fazer exerccios dos cursos livre da internet para complemento das fases Elementary, Intermediate e Advanced with possessive adjectives and pronouns para seu prprio entendimento por exemplo:

ELEMENTARY

Supplay the verb to be in the Past Tense.

1 I -----------tired last night.

2 They ---------last for school .

3 She --------------very happy at her birthday party.

INTERMEDIATE

Supply the verb to be in the Past Tense.

1 The old school building------------- near my house, it was far away.

2 ------------the scientists tired after the meeting?

3 - Summer ------------very hot last year.

ADVANCED


1 We were absent from class yesterday.

2 The boxes were at the correct place.

3 I was very angry at you.

4 The policemen were near the corner.

5 The red fish was out of the fish bowl.

6 My name was the first on the list.

to be - era/estava (pretrito perfeito/imperfeito)

I have been I was to be I/you will be I/you would be

Past Part.|past tense|present|----future|future/prt.

Tenho sido Eu era/estava ser/estar eu serei/estarei Eu seria/estaria

Elementary

I was tired last night. (eu estava cansado ontem noite)

Intermediate

Your book was on the table a minute ago. (seu livro estava na mesa um minuto atrs)

Advanced

My name was the first on the list. (Meu nome foi o primeiro na lista)

LESSON FIVE

THERE TO BE (Present/past)

PRESENT

PAST

Singular

There is (H)

There was (Havia)

Plural

There are (H)

There were (Havia)

Formas afirmativas: there is, there are, there was, there were.

Forma interrogativas is there?, are there?, was there?, were there?

Formas negativas: there is not, there are not, there was not, there were not.

Formas abreviadas: theres (there is), there isnt (there is not), there arent (there are not), there wasnt (there was not), there werent (there were not).


ELEMENTARY

Put sentences in negative and interrogative form.

1 I There is homework for tomorrow.

2 There were science books in our class .

3 There is a lemon in the refrigerator.

INTERMEDIATE

Choose the correct alteranative.

1 What (is there, there is) under the chair?

2 (There is, There was) a police car here a minute ago.

3 What (are there, was there) empty boxes in the garage.

ADVANCED

Supplay the correct form of there to be in the sentences below.

1 .an accident on First Avenue yesterday.

2 anybody in room 201 now?

3 double about your project last week.

LESSON SIX

THE INDEFINITE ARTICLES: A/AN

A (um, uma):usado antes de palavras que iniciam com som de consoante.

Ex.: a boy a horse a year a university a chair

An (um, uma): usado antes de palavras que iniciam com som de vogal.

Ex.: an egg an umbrella an hour

A e An no so usados antes de substantivos no plural e de substantivos incontveis (uncontable).

Ex.: Horses are mammals.

Would you like some Bread?

I need some money.


ELEMENTARY


1 (A, An) bird can fly.

2 He is (a, an) old man.

3 There is (a, an) child in my room.

INTERMEDIATE

Supplay a or or.

1 She is ..woman in love.

2 wife is woman.

3 writer writes books.

ADVANCED

Supplay a or an when necessary.

1 - ..flies areinsects.

2- They are Italian. They like ..macaroni.

3- We can make ..cake with.egg andmilk.

LESSON SEVEN

DEMONSTRATIVES

This (este, esta, isto) refere-se a algo que est prximo. O plural de this these. Ex.: This book is interesting.

These books are interesting.

That (aquele, aquela, aquilo) refere-se a algo que est longe. O plural de tant those. Ex.: That girl over there is my sister.

Those firls over there are my sisters.


ELEMENTARY


1 (That, Those) are the shoes I want.

2 Im tired of (this, these) job.

3 Lets play with (that, those) children.

INTERMEDIATE

Supplay this or that in questions 1 a 3 and these or those in questions 4 a 6.

1 Look!..is my girlfriend inside the restaurant.

2 isnt my book. My book is over there on the table.

3 Guess, what is ..in my bands?

4 flowers behind that house are beautiful.

5 Lets help little boys near that tree.

6 What are.bllack spots on my fingers, doctor?

ADVANCED

Put the sentences into the plural form.

1 - What is that paper in the drawer?

2- This is his favorite rock band.

3- My sister likes that film.

LESSON EIGHT

LESSON EIGHT

PLURAL OF NOUNS

De maneira geral, faz-se o plural acrescentando-se -s forma do singular. Ex.: table tables firl firls chief chiefs safe safes.

Substantivos terminados em s, - ch, -sh, -x, - z e o recebem es. Ex.: bus - buses church churches brush - brushes.

Box boxes buzz buzzes tomato tomatoes

Plural irregular: man men woman - women mouse - mice

Foot - feet tooth teeth child - children

Alguns sustantivos terminados em f ou fe mudam o - f ou - fe para -v e recebem es:

Calf - calves life-lives shelf - shelves

Half - halves loaf - loaves thief - thieves

Knife - knives sheaf sheaves wife - wives

Leaf - leaves sheaf sheaves wolf wolves

Palavras estrangeiras abreviadas terminadas em o recebem s .

Casino - casinos hippo - hippos

Photo - photos piano - pianos

Algumas palavras estrangeiras conservam o plural de origem.

Bacterium - bactria crisis - crises genius - genii

Datum - data basis - bases nucleus - nuclei


ELEMENTARY

Write the plural of the following nouns.

1 policeman...

2 door.

3 century.

INTERMEDIATE

Put the sentences into the plural form.

1 This is an old woman.

2 That Frenchman is buying a hat.

3 The lady is near the church.

LESSON NINE

NOUNS: GENDER

H quatro gneros em ingls: masculino (man, king, Lion), feminino (woman, lady , hen), neutro (usado para coisas inanimadas:table, door, etc.) e comum (usado para ambos os sexos: person, neighbor, etc.).

O gnero indicado por:

Ex.: boy girl brother - sister hull - cow cock - hen

Father - mother horse mare husband - wife king - queen

Man - woman nephew - niece son daughter uncle- aunt

Terminao diferente:

Ex.: actor - actress waiter - waitress heir - heiress

steward - stewardess lion - lioness ancestor ancestress

Anteposio ou posposio de palavras:

Ex.: Frenchman - Frenchwoman he-bear - she-bear

Bull-elephant - cow-elephant grandfather - grandmother

voc necessita fazer exerccios dos cursos livre da internet para complemento das fases Elementary, Intermediate e Advanced with possessive adjectives and pronouns para seu prprio entendimento por exemplo:

ELEMENTARY

Write the masculine of the following nouns.

1 niece...

2 lioness.

3 sister.

INTERMEDIATE

Rewrite supplying the feminine.

1 My father is waiting for his brother.

2 Look at that bull near the horse.

3 The actor is sick.

LESSON TEN

GENITIVE CASE

O caso genitivo expressa posse e usado para pessoas e animais.

Ex.: the boys name (the name of the boy)

the cats eyes (the name of the boy)

formado pelo acrscimo de s ao possuidor.

Ex.: Jacks car Charless book the childrens book the mens house.

Quando o substantivo termina em s, usar-se apenas o apstrofo ( ):

Ex.: the girls room the ladies dresses.

substantivos compostos so tratados como substantivos simples:

Ex.: my father-in-laws car.

O caso genitive tambm usado para se referir a lugares.

Anteposio ou posposio de palavras:

Ex.: Im going to Grandmas. (Grandmas house)

Hes going to the bakers. (the bakers shop)

Pode-se usar o caso genitivo para indicar coisas personificadas ou dignificadas.

Ex.: the beautys Queen the earths surface

Quando h mais de uma possuidor:

a) para indicar posse comum, apenas o ltimo possuidor recebe o genitivo.

Ex.: Jack and Peters father. (o mesmo pai)

b)para indicar posse individual, usa-se o genitivo para cada um dos possuidores.

Ex.: Joes and Janes fathers (pais diferentes)


ELEMENTARY

Supply or s.

1 Doncar is in the garage.

2 Mr.Simpsonsecretary is outside.

3 They sell ladieshats in this store.

INTERMEDIATE

Put into the Genitive Case.

1 The dresses of the girls ----------------------------.

2 The tail of the dog ---------------------------------.

3 The cat of the students ----------------------------.

ADVANCED

Rewrite supplying or s where necessary.

1- (The boy and the girl) trousers are dirty.

----------------------------------------------------.

2 - We can meet at (Bob). ----------------------------------------------------.

3 - She is going to the (dentist).----------------------------------------------------.

------

LESSON TWELVE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE II

Forma afirmativa: She is reading.

Forma negative: She is not reading.

Forma interrogative: Is she reading?

Formas abreviadas: isnt (is not), arent (are not).

Geralmente os verbos no sofrem modificaes ao receber a terminao ing.

Porm:

a)se o verbo termina em e, ele perde o e ao receber ing.Ex.: drive - driving write - writing Love - loving

b) se o verbo termina em consoante /vogal/consoante, dobra-se a ltima consoante e acrescenta-se - ing.

Ex.: cut -cutting swim - swimmning run - running


ELEMENTARY

Put the sentences into the negative form.

1 The boys atre writing letters

------------------------------------------------------------.2 Karen is making a cake.

------------------------------------------------------------.3 The cat is running around the table.

------------------------------------------------------------.

INTERMEDIATE

Put the sentences from exercise I into the interrogative form.

1 ------------------------------------------------------.

2 ------------------------------------------------------.

3 ------------------------------------------------------.

ADVANCED

Supply the Present Continuous Tense of the verbs in parentheses.

1-The children------------------------(swim) in the lake.

2-I----------------------------(cut) apples to make a pie.

3-He --------------------------------(take) a walk.

PESSOAS VOCE SE LEMBRANDO DA FORMA EXPLICADA COM A TERMINAO DAS PALAVRAS -ENDO / -ANDO TANTO PARA OS VERBOS COMO PARA GERUNDIO HORA DE RELEMBRAR NESTE EXERCICIO. Verb To be + -ing (obs. Tempo verbal) e o caso do vergo + -ing . H lembre-se vogal consoante e vogal no dobra .

LESSON FOURTEEN

CONTINUOUS TENSE II

O passado continuo usado para expressar:

a) Aes que estavamm acontecendo num determinado momento do passado.

Ex.: They were studying five minutes ago

I was working yesterday morning.

b) Aes que estavam acontecendo quando uma outra ao ocorreu.

Ex.: They were studying when I arrived.

I was working when you called.

c) Duas aes que estavam acontecendo no mesmo momento.

Ex.: They were studing while I was working.


ELEMENTARY

Supply the Past Continuous Tense of the verbs in parentheses.

1 They --------------------(travel) to Japan when the accident happened.

2 When you arrived, I ---------------------(take) a bath.

3 The sun---------------------------(shine) when I got up this morning.

INTERMEDIATE

Insert the verbs in parentheses in the correct place.

1 He --------------------a walk when he ----------- you. (was taking/saw)

2 When she ------------, I ----------------------- lunch. (was having/arrived)

3 The accident----------, when they------------home. (were driving / happened)

ADVENCED

Supply the Simple Past or the Past Continuous Tense.

1- The bird ----------------------(try) to fly when the cat caught it.

2- I-----------------------------------(eat) piece of cake when mother----------------------(not look).

3- When she called us we -------------------(correct) our exercises.

LESSON ELEVEN

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE - I

Como se forma: presente do verbo to be +o particpio presente do verbo principal (verbo+ - ing).

I am studying

You are studying

She is studying

We are studying

You are studying

They are studying

O pressente contnuo usado para expressar aes que esto acontecendo. geralmente empregado com advrbios de tempo : now, at this moment, etc.

O present contnuo pode expressar tambm aes futuras.

Ex.: I am working next Saturday.

She is leaving tomorrow.


ELEMENTARY

Supply the Present Continuous Tense of the verbs in parentheses.

1 My sister and I ..(do) our homework now.

2 My neighbors(travel) around the world.

3 The cat.. (sleep) in the garden.

INTERMEDIATE

Insert the verbs below in the correct places.

are studying am reading is ringing

1 We --------------------------hard because we have a test tomorrow.

2 I ------------------------a book on ancient Greece.

3 Listen, the telephone --------------------------------.

ADVANCED

Supply the correct form of the Present Continuous Tense of the following verbs.

Teach play clean

1- Jene ------------------Portuguese in my school next year.

2- Where--------------the boys-----------football?

3- Jill ----------------------the bathroom. She is leaning her bedroom.

LESSON FIFTEEN

GOING TO (PRESENT)

Como se form: presente do verbo to be + going + infinitivo do verbo principal.

I am going to study

You are going to study

He is going to study

She is going to study

We are going to study

You are going to study

They are going to study

Afirmativa: She is going to study.

Negativa: She is not (isnt) going to study.

Interrogativa: Is she going to study?

Going to (Present) usado para expresser:

a) Aes que vo ocorrer no future prximo;

b) Planos ou intenes;

c) Probabilidade.


ELEMENTARY


1 Donald (is going, is going to) meet me at 3 oclock.

2 What (is, are) you going to do tomorrow?

3 My sister is going (to drive, to driving ) her new car..

INTERMEDIATE

Put the verbs is parentheses into the Going to (Present) form.

1 Henry --------------------(work) tomorrow morning.

2 ------------, Jene ----------------------- (play) volleyball with us?

3 What -------------you------------(have) for dessert?

ADVENCED

Write sentences. Follow the example.

Exemple: George suit tomorrow night.

George is going to wear his new suit tomorrow night.

1- My brother buy bicycle - next Saturday.

------------------------------------------------------------.

2- Those gentlemen eat desert outside.

------------------------------------------------------------.

3- Jenet - bring baby tonight?

-----------------------------------------------------------.

LESSON THIRTEEN

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE I

Como se forma: passado do verbo to be + o particpio presente do verbo principal (verbo+ -ing).

I was studying

You were studying

He was studying

She was studying

We were studying

You were studying

They were studying

Afirmativa: They were studying.

Negativa: They were not studying.

Interrogativa: Were they studying?

Formas abreviadas: wasnt (was not), werent (were not).

They werent studying


ELEMENTARY

Put the sentences into the negative and interrogative form.

1 She was walking to school.

--------------------------------------------------------.

2 They were playing chess.

--------------------------------------------------------.

3 The cat is was sleeping under the bed.

-------------------------------------------------------.

Put the here sentences interrogative for.

1 --------------------------------------------------.

2 -------------------------------------------------.

3 -------------------------------------------------.

INTERMEDIATE

Supply the Past Continuous Tense of the verbs in parentheses.

1- The children--------------------------------------(cry) 5 minutes ago.

2- I-----------------------------------(study) geography.

3- Jane --------------------------------(prepare) dinner.

LESSON SIXTEEN

GOING TO (PAST)

Como se form: passado do verbo to be + going + infinitivo do verbo principal.

I was going to study

You were going to study

He was going to study

She was going to study

We were going to study

You were going to study

They were going to study

Afirmativa: They were going to study.

Negativa: They were not (werent) going to study.

Interrogativa: were they going to study?

Going to (Past) usado para expresser uma ao planejada no passado mas que no aconteceu:

Ex.: I was going to study, but I was too tired.


ELEMENTARY


1 Doris and Bob (was, were) going to travel.

2 We (were going, was going) to clean the garage.

3 Where (was he, he was) going to buy those books?

INTERMEDIATE

Put the verbs is parentheses into the Going to (Past) form.

1 Tom --------------------(study) yesterday, but he couldnt .

2 ------------, you ----------------------- (work) last night?

3 What -------------you------------(tell) m this morning?

ADVENCED

Answer the questions. Use the words in parentheses.

1- What was he going to do ? (work).

------------------------------------------------------------.

2- What were you going to buy? (fruit).

------------------------------------------------------------.

3- What was she going to give you? (a present)

-----------------------------------------------------------.

LESSON SEVENTEEN

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Como se form: will + verbo principal.

I will study

You will study

He will study

She will study

We will study

You will study

They will study

Afirmativa: They will (Theyll) study.

Negativa: They will not (wont) study.

Interrogativa: Will they study?

Formas abreviadas: ll (will); wont ( will not).

O future simples usado para expressar uma ao futura.

Ex.: They will arrive tomorrow.


ELEMENTARY

Change sentences 1 to 3 to the negative and 4 a 6 to the interrogative form.

1- We will see you in the morning.

------------------------------------------------------------.

2- You will learn mathermatics.

------------------------------------------------------------.

3- Sally will make a cake.

----------------------------------------------------------.

4- They will help us tomorrow.

------------------------------------------------------------.

5- He will invite you.

------------------------------------------------------------.

6- She will work hard.

-----------------------------------------------------------.

INTERMEDIATE

Supplay the Future Tense.

1 I --------------------(arrive) at 10 oclock .

2 ------------, it ----------------------- (cost) much money?

3 We -------------(be) ready in ten minutes.

ADVENCED

Answer the questions. Use the words in parentheses.

7- Where will they work? (at home)

------------------------------------------------------------.

8- What will she do? (work)

------------------------------------------------------------.

9- How will tom travel? (by plane)

-----------------------------------------------------------.

LESSON EITHTEEN

IMPERATIVE

Como se forma: verbo no infinitive sem to.

Ex.: Come! Go! Speak! Help!

Afirmativa: Go home!

Negativa: Dont go home!

O imperative usado para expresser uma ordem ou um pedido.

Ex.: Clean your room!

Please, help me!

A forma imperativa lets + verbo usada para expressar uma proposta ou um convite.

Afirmativa: Lets visit Nancy.

Negativa: Lets not visit Nancy today.


ELEMENTARY

I - Change these sentences form the affirmative to the negative form.

1- Go ouside.

------------------------------------------------------------.

2- Give this to him.

------------------------------------------------------------.

3- Put your books on the table.

----------------------------------------------------------.

II Change these sentences from the negative to the affirmative form.

1 Dont open the door.

-------------------------------------------------------------.

2 Lets not visit her.

-------------------------------------------------------------.

3 - Dont help him.

-----------------------------------------------------------.

INTERMEDIATE


1 Dont (open, wait) the window.

2 Let1s not (invite, buy) her

3 (wait, Go) for me.

LESSON TWENTY

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE II

Para forma a 3 pessoa do singular de alguns verbos acrescenta-se -s Ex,: walk - walks

Se o verbo terminar em ss, -sh, -ch, -x, - ou o, acrescenta-se es.Ex.: Kiss kisses wash washes watch watches Fix fixes buzz buzzes GO - goes

Se o verbo terminar em -y precedido de consoante, troca-se o y por i e acrescenta-se es.Ex.: try - tries hurry - hurries study - studies


ELEMENTARY

Change the following sentences to 3rd person singular.

1 I hurry to the club every week.

2 You often study hard.

3 We watch TV In the evening.

______________________________________________________________

INTERMEDIATE

Supply the Simple Present Tense.1 Jane------------(try) to learn how to swim every day.

2 She always ----------------(wait) for me in front of school.

3 They often-------------(dance) in the club on weekends.

ADVANCED

Supply the Simple Present Tense or the Present Continuous Tense.

1 - Linda..(study) now.

2- They (live) in a big city.

3- I usually ..(get) up early.

LESSON TWENTY ONE

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE III

Afirmativa: You study. He studies

Negativa: You do not study. He does not study.

Interrogativa: Do you study? Does He study?

Foram abreviadas: dont (do not) , doent (does not).

Nas formas negativa e interrogativa, em que se usa o verbo auxiliar (do/does), o verbo principal fica no infinitivo, sem to.

Frases iniciadas por palavras interrogativas como what, when, where, how, why, etc. seguem as mesmas regras das frases interrogativas.


ELEMENTARY

I. Turn into the negative form.

1 We tell them about our plans.

2 He eats lunch in the cafeteria.

3 She lives in New York

______________________________________________________________

II Turn the sentences from exercise I into the interrogative form.

1 - _____________________________________________________________________

2 - _____________________________________________________________________

3- ______________________________________________________________________

INTERMEDIATE

Supply do or does to complete the following questions.

1 Where ----------he live?

2 What ------------they usually eat?

3 How much ----------------this usually eat?

ADVANCED

Ask questions. Use the words in parentheses.

1 - They meet Paul in the park. (where).

______________________________________

2- You travel by car. (how)

______________________________________

3- It rains in the spring.(when)

______________________________________

LESSON TWENTY TWO

QUANTITATIVES (MUCH MANY)

Much (muito) e little (pouco) so usados com substantivos incontveis (geralmente no singular).Ex.: much love, much milk , litttle coffee, little time

Many (muitos) e few (poucos) so usados com substantivos contveis (geralmente no plural).Ex,: many books, many boys, few pencils, few girls

OBSERVATION:

Much e many, em frases afirmativas, podem ser substitudos por a lot of, plenty of, a great deal of, lots of.

Less (menos) usado com substantivos incontveis.Fewer (menos) usado com substantivos contveis.Ex.: She hs less time to study than her brother. She hs fewer books than her father.


ELEMENTARY

I.Supply much or many.

1 There was ________ work yesterday.

2 - There are_________ old beliefs among us today.

3 - ____________single girls were at the dance yesterday.

II Supply few or little.

1 We have _______ time to study.

2 - _________ people agree with him.

3 The baby drank ________ milk yesterday.

III Supply less or fewer.

1 I have ______ time to study than you.

2 We invited _________ friends than Joyce.

3 Charles had _____ money than John, so he bought _____ or

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