English English ColoniesColoniesEnglish English ColoniesColonies

1606 - James I 1606 - James I issues a charter issues a charter to the Virginia to the Virginia Company a Company a joint-stock joint-stock companycompany::

Goal: Gold - Goal: Gold - profit for profit for

investorsinvestors

English ColonizationEnglish ColonizationEnglish ColonizationEnglish Colonization

Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map

Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map

Captain John SmithCaptain John SmithCaptain John SmithCaptain John Smith

““There was no talk…but dig There was no talk…but dig goldgold, , wash wash goldgold, refine , refine goldgold, load , load goldgold……””

““If you donIf you don’’t work, you dont work, you don’’t eat!t eat!””

PocahontasPocahontasPocahontasPocahontas

A 1616 A 1616 engravingengraving

Pocahontas Pocahontas ““savessaves”” Captain John SmithCaptain John Smith

John RolfeJohn RolfeJohn RolfeJohn Rolfe

What finally made the colony profitable?What finally made the colony profitable?

Tobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco Plant

VirginiaVirginia’’s s gold gold and and silversilver.. -- John Rolfe, 1612 -- John Rolfe, 1612

Indentured Indentured

ServitudeServitude

Indentured Indentured

ServitudeServitude

HeadrightHeadrightSystemSystem

Indentured ServitudeIndentured ServitudeIndentured ServitudeIndentured Servitude

Indenture Contract:Indenture Contract:

4-7 years.4-7 years.

Promised Promised ““freedom duesfreedom dues”” [land, £] [land, £]

Forbidden to marry.Forbidden to marry.

1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived 1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!their indentured contracts!

SeparatistsSeparatists

vs. vs.

PuritansPuritans

1620 1620 a group of 102 a group of 102 people [half were Separatists] people [half were Separatists]

Plymouth Bay (MA)Plymouth Bay (MA)

The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1620

The MayflowerThe Mayflower

John WinthropJohn Winthrop

““We shall be as a We shall be as a city on a hill..city on a hill..””

Became 1st governor of Massachusetts.

Served as governor or deputy-governor for 19 years.

A Model of Christian Charity

MetacomMetacom (King Philip) (King Philip) Chief of the Wampanoags Chief of the Wampanoags united the tribes of New united the tribes of New England.England.

The war ended in failure The war ended in failure for the Indiansfor the Indians

Metacom beheaded Metacom beheaded and drawn and and drawn and quartered.quartered.

His son and wife sold His son and wife sold into slavery.into slavery.

Never a serious threat Never a serious threat in New England again!!in New England again!!

King Philip’s War (1675-1676}King Philip’s War (1675-1676}

Lord Baltimore Lord Baltimore formed a formed a proprietary proprietary colony in colony in 1634.1634.

Haven for Haven for CatholicsCatholics

Tobacco main cash crop.Tobacco main cash crop.

““Act of Toleration” 1649Act of Toleration” 1649

MarylandMarylandMarylandMaryland

Freedom of worship for all!

Death to allJews and Atheists !

Huh?

New Netherlands to New New Netherlands to New YorkYork

New Netherlands to New New Netherlands to New YorkYork

Founded by the Dutch in 1625

1664 British take over without a fight

Center of trade and very Cosmopolitan diverse population with many different languages.

Founded by William Penn in 1681

Quakers “Society of Friends”

pacifists,

fair treatment of Indians,

more equality,

religious freedom

Opposed slavery

Philadelphia “City of Brotherly Love”

PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaPennsylvania

North Carolina: Tobacco plantations

South Carolina: Rice & Indigo

High demand for slaves from West Africa

By 1710 black slaves were a majority in South Carolina.

CarolinasCarolinasCarolinasCarolinas

American Long American Long Grain RiceGrain Rice

GeorgiaGeorgiaGeorgiaGeorgia

Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1732.

“Buffer-zone” from Spanish Florida

Haven for debtors

Rice & Indigo plantations

Rise of SlaveryRise of SlaveryRise of SlaveryRise of Slavery

First Africans arrived in Jamestown in First Africans arrived in Jamestown in 16191619 treated treated like indentured servants.like indentured servants.

Slavery not significant until the late 1600sSlavery not significant until the late 1600s

1690: 13,000 slaves 1690: 13,000 slaves

1750: more than 200,0001750: more than 200,000

Causes of Rise of Slavery• Increased demand for slavesIncreased demand for slaves

1.1. Less English indentured servantsLess English indentured servants

2.2. West Africans were experienced in Rice West Africans were experienced in Rice cultivation and more resistant to malaria.cultivation and more resistant to malaria.

3.3. Cheap labor—tobacco prices fall, need large Cheap labor—tobacco prices fall, need large numbers of unskilled workers for rice & indigonumbers of unskilled workers for rice & indigo

• Effect on population:Effect on population:– By 1750 slaves were 50% of Virginia, 66% of By 1750 slaves were 50% of Virginia, 66% of

South Carolina populations.South Carolina populations.

SS

The Atlantic “Triangular” The Atlantic “Triangular” TradeTrade

The Atlantic “Triangular” The Atlantic “Triangular” TradeTrade

SS

Slaves – sugar – rum - guns

The The ““Middle PassageMiddle Passage””The The ““Middle PassageMiddle Passage””Harsh conditions: 13% died along journey from West Africa to Americas

Slave Codes & Stono Rebellion• Slave Codes: harsh laws past in South• Stono Rebellion: 1739 in South Carolina – 20 slaves

revolted from one plantation (80 others joined)• 50 slaves and 25 whites killed- largest slave revolt

during the Colonial Period.

Map Quiz

• Which colonies are considered part of New England?

• Which colonies are considered Southern Colonies?

• Which colonies are considered the Middle Colonies?

• Which colony was originally founded by the Dutch?

• Which colony was founded by Quakers?

• Which colonies relied on tobacco as their cash crop?

• Which colony’s cash crop was indigo and rice?

• Which colony was founded by Lord Baltimore as a haven for Catholics?

• Which colony was founded as a buffer against the Spanish and a refuge for debtors?

• Which colonies were founded by Puritans?

• Which colony had the highest % of slaves?

The Enlightenment

• Early 1700s philosophy movement from Europe

• Reason over faith, science over religion

• Benjamin Franklin inventions & almanac

• Questioned traditional monarchy

• John Locke “Natural Rights”

The Great AwakeningThe Great Awakening• Religious revival in Religious revival in

response to effects of response to effects of Enlightenment in 1740sEnlightenment in 1740s

• Jonathan Edwards & Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield George Whitefield leading ministersleading ministers

• ““Sinners in the Hands Sinners in the Hands of An Angry Godof An Angry God””

• God is angry but can God is angry but can forgive – anyone can forgive – anyone can repent & be savedrepent & be saved

• Blamed science, greed, Blamed science, greed, & traditional church for & traditional church for drop in faithdrop in faith

RR

Effects of the Great Awakening

RELIGION• Emotional services• Ministers lose authority

many people study bible at home

• New Lights (supporters):– Baptists, Methodists

• Old Lights -(anti) traditionalists - ministers needed to interpret Bible

• Causes diversity of sects & competition

POLITICS• Affects all classes and

regions• Experience shared by

all American colonists• Changes how people

view authority in general

• Long-term drive to expand political equality

RR

Mercantilism• Empires compete for wealth = export manufactured Empires compete for wealth = export manufactured

goods, import wealth (gold/silver)goods, import wealth (gold/silver)• Colonies exist to benefit the mother country through raw Colonies exist to benefit the mother country through raw

materials and marketsmaterials and markets

““Navigation ActsNavigation Acts”” (1650-1673) (1650-1673)• Trade only on English or colonial-built shipsTrade only on English or colonial-built ships• Banned most colonial manufacturingBanned most colonial manufacturing• Banned most colonial trade with countries other than Banned most colonial trade with countries other than

EnglandEngland

EE

Colonial Effects of Mercantilism

POSITIVES

• N.E. shipbuilding prospers

• Tobacco monopoly in England

• Protection of British military forces

NEGATIVES• Limited

Manufacturing• Chesapeake

farmers get low prices for crops

• High prices on manufactured goods from England

British didn’t strictly enforce laws - smuggling was common.

North America in 1750North America in 1750North America in 1750North America in 1750

What caused the French & Indian War?