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Transcript of Energia
Energy
Gymnazium a SOSPg
Pontassievska 3
Znojmo
Czech Republic
Power Stations in the Czech Republic
Coal
Nuclear
Hydro
Solar
Wind
Renewable / Non renewable Resources
Solar
Wind
Hydro
Wave
Tidal
Geothermal
Biomass
Fossil
Nuclear
Energy cycle
SolarThe Sun is 150 million kilometres away, and amazingly powerful.
How it works
solar cells (photovoltaic or photoelectric cells)
solar water heating
solar power station
Solar Power Station
Solar OneBarstow, California
Solar Power Station - principle
Solar Water Heating - principleHeat from the Sun is used to heat water in glass panels on the roof.
Solar Water Heating - principleAnother principle – a system of parabolic mirrors (like a spout).
Solar map of the Czech Republic
Our town is situated in the area with best insolation
WindWe've used the wind as an energy source
for a long time.
How it works
windmill (used in the Middle Ages)
wind generator
Windmill
Historical windmills in the Czech Republic
Wind generator - principle
Sailing shipEnergy from wind
Windsurfing
Huriccane – a destructive power
HydroWe have used running water as an energy source for thousands of years, mainly to grind corn.
How it works
watermill (used in the Middle Ages)
hydraulic power plant
Watermill
Historical watermill in Slup, near Znojmo
Make your watermillWhat you need:
How to do:
Hydraulic power plantA dam is built to trap water, usually in a valley where there is an existing lake.
Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to turn turbines and thus drive generators.
The most important series of dams in the Czech Republic is called the Vltava Cascade, consisting of nine water works: Lipno I, Lipno II, Hnevkovice, Korensko, Orlik, Kamyk, Slapy, Stechovice and Vrane.
1900 MW in total Slapy
Vltava river
Built in 1954 - 1961
- 720 millions m3 of water
- 4x91 MW
Czech Water Power Plant "Orlik"
Lipno – hydro power plant
Vranov hydro power plant – 25 km far from our town
The biggest hydro power in the world
Itaipu, Parana river, Brasil / Paraquay, 12600 MW
WaveHow it works
the waves arriving cause the water in the chamber to rise and fall
Wave Power Station
The Limpet’s design makes it easy to build and install. Its low profile gives low visibility, so it doesn’t intrude on coastal landscapes or views.
A company called Wavegen now operate a commercial wave power station called "Limpet“.
The island of Islay, Scotland’s west coast
Wave Power Station
A company called Ocean Power Delivery are developing a method of offshore wave energy collection, using a floating tube called "Pelamis".
TidalTidal power - energy from the sea
The movement of the sea could be a huge energy source, but only around 20 sites in the world have been identified as possible tidal power stations.
These work rather like a hydro-electric scheme, except that the dam is much bigger.
How it works
Tidal barrages
Tidal power station – example 1
Swanturbines
Instead of wind driving the rotor, a tidal stream turbine uses water.
Swanturbines is a consortium of 9 partners led by Swanturbines Ltd.
Swansea, Wales, UK
Tidal power station – example 2vertical-axis turbines
Tidal power station – example 3Another option is to use offshore turbines, rather like an underwater wind farm.
Geothermal energy
Diagram shows Icelandic geothermal power station takes advantage of heat from magna chamber relatively close to the surface.
Iceland
Iceland
Hot water pipeline runs for 17 kms from geothermal plantto Reykjavik. Water provides most of city’s space heating needs.
GeothermalHow it works
Hot rocks underground heat water to produce steam.
Biomass
Wood was once our main fuel. We burned it to heat our homes and cook our food.
"Bioconversion" uses plant and animal wastes to produce fuels such as methanol, natural gas, and oil.
We can use rubbish, animal manure, woodchips, seaweed, corn stalks and other wastes.
energy from organic materials
Bioenergy Cycle
Bioenergy Cycle
Type of Biomass - Corn
http://www.geo.msu.edu/geo333/corn.html
Type of Biomass - Soybeans
http://agproducts.unl.edu/
Type of Biomass - Sorghum
http://www.okfarmbureau.org/press_pass/galleries/grainSorghum/
Type of Biomass - Sugar Cane Bagasse
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html
Type of Biomass - Switchgrass
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html
Type of Biomass - Hybrid Poplar
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html
Type of Biomass - Corn Stover
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html
Type of Biomass - Wood Chips & Sawdust
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html http://www.energytrust.org/RR/bio/
Type of Biomass - Tracy Biomass Plant
Truck unloading wood chips that will fuel the Tracy Biomass Plant, Tracy, California.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/biomass/biomass.html
Type of Biomass - Municipal Solid Waste
http://www.eeingeorgia.org/eic/images/landfill.jpg
Biomass Direct Combustion
Boyle, Renewable Energy, Oxford University Press (2004)
Integrated Waste Plant
Boyle, Renewable Energy, Oxford University Press (2004)
Biomass Gasifier
• 200 tons of wood chips daily
• Forest thinnings; wood pallets
• Converted to gas• Combined cycle gas
turbine• 8MW power output
McNeil Generating Station biomass gasifier – 8MW
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html
Biodiesel Bus
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html
Fossil Fuel EnergyHow it works:
Coal is crushed to a fine dust and burnt.
Oil and gas can be burnt directly.
BurnFuel
heat waterto makesteam
steam turnsturbines
turbines turn generators
electrical powersent aroundcountry
Fossil Fuel EnergyGeothermal Energy
Hot waterstorage
Waterpenetratesdownthroughtherock
Mined coal
Pipeline
Pump
Oil well
Gas well
Oil storage
CoalOil and Natural Gas
Contourstrip mining
PipelineDrillingtower
Magma
Hot rock
Natural gasOil
Impervious rock
Water Water
Oil drillingplatformon legs
Floating oil drillingplatform
Valves
Undergroundcoal mine
Water is heatedand brought upas dry steam or
wet steam
Area stripmining
Geothermalpower plant
Coal seam
Coal mining
Coal Power Station
Melnik, Czech Republic
Oil
Gas or water is injected back into the reservoir usually to increase pressure and thereby stimulate production.
Crude-oil production
A hole bored into the earth
Crude-oil production Deep Sea Exploration
Oil Power Station
Gas pipelines in Europe
Gas pipelines in the Czech Republic
Plynovod
see:
Hostim (15km from Znojmo)
Gas Power Station
Nuclear Energy
Nuclearfissionmakesheat
heat waterto makesteam
steam turnsturbines
turbines turn generators
electrical powersent aroundcountry
Nuclear Power Station - principle
Reactor - separated cooling circuits
Nuclear Power Station - principle
Nuclear power station Dukovany, 35 km from Znojmo
Nuclear Energywhat to do with spent uranium
WATERWATER
MINERALMINERAL
BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICALPlant DiversityPlant Diversity
ENERGY FLOWENERGY FLOW
BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICALSoil OrganismSoil OrganismDiversityDiversity
SUNSUNCloudsClouds
The Cycle WaterThe Cycle Water
Energy Cycle in Living Things
END
Gymnazium a SOSPg, Pontassievska 3
Znojmo
Czech Republic
Main resources:
http://www.energyweb.cz
http://home.clara.net/darvill/altenerg/index.htm