Emotional Intelligence
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Transcript of Emotional Intelligence
Emotional
Intelligence“Emotional Intelligence sets apart good leaders”
Michael Everett, PhD
What is Intelligence?
Typically focused on• analytic reasoning• verbal skills• spatial ability• attention• memory• judgment
Murky concept with definitions by many experts...
One Definition
Individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought…
Concepts of intelligence are attempts to clarify and organize this complex set of phenomena.
Neisser et al, 1996.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
A weak predictor for• achievement• job performance success• overall success, wealth, & happiness
Accounts for 20-25% of employment success according to numbers of studies covering career statistics
More potent predictors of career success are
Ability to handle frustrations
Manage own emotions
Manage own social skills
Do you know any highly intelligent
people who aren’t socially adept?
How we historically viewed emotions?
• chaotic
• haphazard
• superfluous
• incompatible with reason
• disorganized
• largely visceral
• resulting from the lack of effective adjustment
How we now view emotions?
• Arouse, sustain, direct activity
• Part of the total economy of living organisms
• Not in opposition to intelligence
• Themselves a higher order of intelligence
Phineas Gage
Amygdala is deep within the most elemental parts of the brain.
Frontal lobe and parietal lobeare part of the “new brain”
The main purpose of the inner most part of the brain is survival.
Signaling function (“Fight or Flight”)
Promote unique, stereotypical patterns of physiological change
Provide strong impulse to take action
Basic Emotions--presumed to be hard wired and physiologically
distinctive Joy
Surprise
Sadness
Anger
Disgust
Fear
Evolutionary Advantage to Emotion
For example: Fight or flight response• can basic emotions overwhelm rational
thinking?
Neurobiology of Rationality
Antonio Damasio, in Descartes’ Error, asserts that concerted activity at all levels of the cortex assist rational decision making.
Emotion is emerging as an essential contributor to rational decision making
Work like his underlies the concepts of emotional intelligence
Is there a separation between rationale and emotional thoughts?
What is Emotional Intelligence?
Refers to the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well on ourselves and our relationships”
(Goleman, 1998)
History of EI
Howard Gardner’s “Frames of Mind” Verbal/linguistic Logical/mathematical Visual/spatial Musical Bodily/Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal
Importance of EI
National US Department of Labor survey:
Corporations are increasingly listing emotional competencies as criteria for new hires
Graduate Management Admissions Council:
More companies seeking MBAs with emotional intelligence
Importance of EI
Center for Creative leadership study:
Rigidity, poor relationships and the inability to lead teams are the most common traits of executives who fail
Egon Zehnder study:
Managers who failed all had high levels of expertise and intelligence but many were arrogant and had a disdain for team work
Importance of EI
Longitudinal study of Harvard graduates found that test scores on entrance exam did not predict success
Hay McBer’s global study, including Pepsi, IBM, and Volvo found that 2/3 of the competencies deemed essential to success were emotional based
Goleman analysis of 181 jobs in 121 organizations found that emotional competencies were the best differentiators between excellent and average performers
Two Realms of EI
According to Goleman (1998) . . .
Personal Competence Intrapersonal intelligence
Social Competence Interpersonal intelligence
5 Components of EI
Self-Awareness
Self-Regulation
Self-Motivation
Social Awareness
Social Skills
Self-Awareness
Emotional Awareness Recognizing one’s emotions and their effects
Accurate self assessment Knowing one’s strengths and limits = strength
Self-efficacy Belief on one’s ability to accomplish tasks
Value of Self-Awareness
to recognize appropriate body cues and emotions
to label cues and emotions accurately
to stay open to unpleasant as well as pleasant emotions
Includes the capacity for experiencing and recognizing multiple and conflicting emotions
Self-Regulation
Self-Control The Marshmallow Study
Transparency Maintaining integrity; acting congruently with one’s values
Achievement orientation Striving to improve
Initiative Readiness to act on opportunities
Optimism Persistence in pursuing goals despite obstacles and
setbacks
Reality of Self-Regulation
EI is like a smoke alarm--we’re not good at influencing whether a particular emotion will arise. EI tells us something is arising.
We do have tremendous individual variability in the degree to which we can consciously limit the duration of unpleasant emotions and the degree of influence over the behaviors which may arise.
Lack of Self-Regulation
Impair reasoning (even smart people sometimes act stupidly)
May increase the likelihood that chronic emotional problems will result, (e.g., clinical depression or chronic anxiety or hostility)
Social Awareness
Empathy Sensing other’s feeling and perspectives, and
taking active interest in their concerns
Organizational Awareness Reading a group’s emotional currents and power
relationships
Service Orientation Anticipating, recognizing, and meeting
customers'’ or clients’ needs
Social Skills Developing Others
Sensing other’s development needs and bolstering their abilities
Inspirational Leadership Inspiring and guiding individuals and groups
Change Catalyst Initiating or managing change
Influence Having impact on others and wielding effective tactics of
persuasion
Conflict Management Negotiating and resolving disagreements
Teamwork and Collaboration Creating group synergy in pursuing collective goals
The art of social relationships--managing emotions in others
To excel at people skills means having and using the competencies to be an effective friend, negotiator, leader and follower.
One should be able to guide an interaction, inspire others, make others comfortable in social situations, and influence and persuade others.
The subtle and complex abilities which under lie people skills
Being attuned to others’ emotions
Promoting comfort in others through the proper use of display rules
Using own emotional display to establish a sense of rapport
Empathy can be faked; so can other emotions
Beware of being to nice
Have you ever met a nice person, but the “bells have gone off?”
Charisma draws in but not always to desired ends, e.g., Hitler, Jim Jones.
“The dark side of charismatic leaders”
Developing Emotional Intelligence
We develop external strategies first
Then we develop social strategies
Girls do better at developing strategies overall
As a person matures, emotions begin to shape and improve thinking by directing a person’s attention to important changes
Developing Emotional Intelligence
A genetic contribution is likely
They are not destiny (timidity)
Early expression of emotion by parents helps learning
Early abuse hinders learning
Poor ability to read others’ emotion may lead to the development of poor social skills.
“Lie to Me” based on the work of Dr. Paul Ekman
Gender Differences
Males
More willing to compromise social connectedness for independence
Not as good as women at this
Less adept than women overall
More physiologically overwhelmed by marital conflict
Females
Greater need for connectedness
Have a wider range of emotions
Better at reading emotions
Better at developing social strategies overall
Emotion related dysfunction
All or nothing thinking
Overgeneralization
Excessive worrying
Disqualifying the positive
Jump to negative conclusions
Labeling & mislabeling
Personalization
Critical; contempt
Impacts on physical health
cardiovascular disease progression of diabetes progression of cancer onset of hypertension
Importance of EI in Organizations
The higher up the organization the higher EI is required
Army Values• Leadership• Duty• Respect• Selfless service• Honor• Integrity• Personal courage
Importance of EI in Organizations
50% of work satisfaction is determined by the relationship a worker has with… his/her boss.
EI is a prerequisite for effective leadership across borders.• Requires a high level of self-mastery and
people skills; ability to put yourself into the positions of others.
Developing Emotional Intelligence
“Gut feeling” can be used to effectively guide decisions--a neurological understanding of how unconscious and conscious gut feelings guide decisions, e.g., when prioritizing, emotions help move the decisions.
Harness emotions to promote or hinder motivation. (Anxiety, hostility, sadness)
Empathy is the ability to recognize another’s emotional state, which is very similar to what you are experiencing.
Developing Emotional Intelligence
Take time for mindfulness
Recognize and name emotions
ID the causes of feelings
Differentiate having the emotion and doing something about it
Learn optimism to challenge distortion
Learn distraction techniques
Listen to voice of experience
Develop Listening skills
The Future of EI
It will be increasingly important • More need for team-based collaboration across
organizations, geography, and cultures
• Will used more frequently in the selection, assessment, training and development of employees
• Continued development of theories and measurement tools