Elements of Elements of Theater/DramaTheater/Drama

CHS English ICHS English I

March 25, 2013March 25, 2013

Pick up a Pick up a DRAMA PACKET DRAMA PACKET

here. It includes here. It includes your Bell-Ringer your Bell-Ringer

sheet.sheet.

Elements of Elements of Theater/DramaTheater/Drama• This This worksheetworksheet will be included in the will be included in the

packet of materials you will submit to me packet of materials you will submit to me when we complete the unit.when we complete the unit.

• I will also provide you with a checklist to I will also provide you with a checklist to maintain on your own as we move through maintain on your own as we move through the unit.the unit.

• DO NOT DO NOT lose these papers! lose these papers!

• The The final project final project for this unit will be a for this unit will be a written analysis of the play, written analysis of the play, Our TownOur Town. .

• The elements of theater/drama will be The elements of theater/drama will be included on your included on your FINAL EXAMFINAL EXAM. .

Elements of Elements of Theater/DramaTheater/Drama• Plays were one of the earliest Plays were one of the earliest

forms of entertainment. forms of entertainment. • For centuries, attending the For centuries, attending the

theater to see a comedy or theater to see a comedy or tragedy was considered a tragedy was considered a privilege and custom. privilege and custom.

• People attended plays much like People attended plays much like we see movies today. we see movies today.

Aristotle’s SIX Elements of Aristotle’s SIX Elements of DramaDrama1.1. Diction: Diction: Specific words the playwright chooses to use.

2.2. Spectacle: Spectacle: All the visuals represented in the play. Represents everything you see: set, costumes, lights, etc.

3.3. Thought: Thought: What the audience learns - the moral of the play. (THEME)

4.4. Characters: Characters: The play must be about someone or something - can be human or non-human.

5.5. Melody: Melody: Everything you hear - music, sound effects, silence are all examples of this.

6.6. Plot: Plot: Show must have a beginning, middle and end. Something needs to happen and a character must be challenged.

Literary Elements of Literary Elements of Theater/DramaTheater/Drama• CharacterCharacter: a person portrayed in a drama, : a person portrayed in a drama,

novel, or other artistic piece.novel, or other artistic piece.• ConflictConflict: the internal or external struggle : the internal or external struggle

between opposing forces, ideas, or interests between opposing forces, ideas, or interests that creates dramatic tension.that creates dramatic tension.

• SuspenseSuspense: a feeling of uncertainty as to the : a feeling of uncertainty as to the outcome, used to build interest and excitement outcome, used to build interest and excitement on the part of the audience.on the part of the audience.

• ThemeTheme: the basic idea of a play; the idea, point : the basic idea of a play; the idea, point of view, or perception that binds together a of view, or perception that binds together a work of art.work of art.

Technical Elements of Technical Elements of Theater/DramaTheater/Drama• ActAct: a major division in a play: a major division in a play• SceneScene: a real or fictional episode; a division of an act in : a real or fictional episode; a division of an act in

a play.a play.• LightingLighting: the arrangement of lights to achieve particular : the arrangement of lights to achieve particular

effects in order to help create mood or tone in a play.effects in order to help create mood or tone in a play.• SoundSound: the effects an audience hears during a : the effects an audience hears during a

performance to communicate character, context, or performance to communicate character, context, or environment.environment.

• Set DesignSet Design: everything on the stage including furniture : everything on the stage including furniture and props, and environment in which the action of a play and props, and environment in which the action of a play occurs.occurs.

• CostumesCostumes: the clothing worn by the actors who play the : the clothing worn by the actors who play the characters. Oftentimes, these help to establish characters. Oftentimes, these help to establish characterizations, mood, and tone.characterizations, mood, and tone.

Stage SceneryStage Scenery

Scenery/PropsScenery/Props

Lighting Lighting

Costumes/Make-Costumes/Make-UpUp

Technical Elements of Technical Elements of Theater/Drama: Performance Theater/Drama: Performance

• ActingActing: use of face, body, and voice to : use of face, body, and voice to portray character.portray character.

• MonologueMonologue: a long speech made by one : a long speech made by one actor; may be delivered alone or in the actor; may be delivered alone or in the presence of others.presence of others.

• CharacterCharacter MotivationMotivation: the reason or : the reason or reasons for a character's behavior; an reasons for a character's behavior; an incentive or inducement for further action for incentive or inducement for further action for a character.a character.

• EmpathyEmpathy: the ability to relate to the feelings : the ability to relate to the feelings of another.of another.

Technical Elements of Technical Elements of Theater/Drama: Performance Theater/Drama: Performance

• Breath ControlBreath Control: proper use of the lungs and : proper use of the lungs and diaphragm muscle for maximum capacity diaphragm muscle for maximum capacity and efficiency of breath for speaking.and efficiency of breath for speaking.

• InflectionInflection: change in pitch or loudness of : change in pitch or loudness of the voice.the voice.

• ProjectionProjection: how well the voice carries to the : how well the voice carries to the audience.audience.

• Facial ExpressionFacial Expression: physical and vocal : physical and vocal aspects used by an actors face to convey aspects used by an actors face to convey mood, feeling, or personality. mood, feeling, or personality.

Types of Performance Types of Performance Stages: Stages: • Proscenium Proscenium

StageStage: :

A performance A performance space in which the space in which the audience sits in audience sits in front of the stage front of the stage and views as if and views as if through a picture through a picture frameframe

Types of Performance Types of Performance Stages: Stages: • Thrust StageThrust Stage: :

a theater stage a theater stage that extends out that extends out into the into the audience's part of audience's part of a theater and has a theater and has seats on three seats on three sides. sides.

Types of Performance Types of Performance Stages: Stages: • Arena StageArena Stage

::

a stage a stage constructed so constructed so that the audience that the audience can sit on all can sit on all sides; also known sides; also known as "theatre-in-the-as "theatre-in-the-round".round".

Technical Elements of Technical Elements of Theater/Drama: Stage Theater/Drama: Stage DirectionsDirections• ApronApron: the front area of the stage extending past the : the front area of the stage extending past the

main act curtain.main act curtain.• WingsWings: the offstage areas directly to the right and left : the offstage areas directly to the right and left

of the performance space.of the performance space.• Center StageCenter Stage: the middle point of the performance : the middle point of the performance

space. space. • UpstageUpstage: the area of the performance space that is : the area of the performance space that is

farthest away from the audience.farthest away from the audience.• DownstageDownstage: the area of the stage that is nearest to : the area of the stage that is nearest to

the audience.the audience.• CueCue: a signal or line that prompts the next action of : a signal or line that prompts the next action of

stage business during a performance.stage business during a performance.• Blocking: the path formed by the actor’s movement

on stage, usually determined by the director, playwright, and/or actor.

Technical Elements of Technical Elements of Theater/Drama: Stage Theater/Drama: Stage DirectionsDirections

Drama: Drama: Bell-Ringers & Exit Bell-Ringers & Exit SlipsSlips

March 25-28, 2013March 25-28, 2013

Bell-Ringer: 3-25-2013 Bell-Ringer: 3-25-2013

1.1. What element refers to a long, uninterrupted speech by ONE What element refers to a long, uninterrupted speech by ONE character? character?

a)a) Monologue Monologue b)b) Dialogue Dialogue c)c) Chit-Chat Chit-Chat

2.2. Which is not a form of dramatic conflict? Which is not a form of dramatic conflict? a)a) Man v manMan v manb)b) Man v natureMan v naturec)c) Man v beast Man v beast

3.3. What is the easiest way we learn about characters in a What is the easiest way we learn about characters in a drama? drama?

a)a) ActionActionb)b) Dialogue Dialogue c)c) Conflict Conflict

Exit: 3-25-2013 Exit: 3-25-2013 1.1. How many elements of drama made up Aristotle’s model of theater? How many elements of drama made up Aristotle’s model of theater?

a)a) FourFour

b)b) Five Five

c)c) SixSix

2.2. A feeling of uncertainty as to the outcome, used to build A feeling of uncertainty as to the outcome, used to build interest and excitement on the part of the audience. interest and excitement on the part of the audience.

a)a) ConflictConflict

b)b) SuspenseSuspense

c)c) Plot Plot

3.3. The reason or reasons for a character's behavior; an incentive The reason or reasons for a character's behavior; an incentive or inducement for further action for a character. or inducement for further action for a character.

a)a) Motivation Motivation

b)b) Dialogue Dialogue

c)c) Plot Plot

Bell-Ringer: 3-26-2013 Bell-Ringer: 3-26-2013 1.1. Which of the following IS NOT one of Aristotle's six elements of drama? Which of the following IS NOT one of Aristotle's six elements of drama?

a)a) DictionDiction

b)b) Action Action

c)c) Spectacle Spectacle

2.2. Which type of stage extends out into, and is surrounded on Which type of stage extends out into, and is surrounded on three sides by, the audience?three sides by, the audience?

a)a) ProsceniumProscenium

b)b) Thrust Thrust

c)c) Arena Arena

3.3. A signal or line that prompts the next action of stage business A signal or line that prompts the next action of stage business during a performance. during a performance.

a)a) CueCue

b)b) Action Action

c)c) Wings Wings

Exit Slip: 3-26-2013 Exit Slip: 3-26-2013 1.1. The ability to relate to the feelings of another. The ability to relate to the feelings of another.

a)a) EmpathyEmpathy

b)b) Sympathy Sympathy

c)c) Action Action

2.2. The middle point of the performance space. The middle point of the performance space.

a)a) DownstageDownstage

b)b) Upstage Upstage

c)c) Center Stage Center Stage

3.3. The area of the stage that is nearest to the audience. The area of the stage that is nearest to the audience.

a)a) DownstageDownstage

b)b) Upstage Upstage

c)c) Center StageCenter Stage

Bell-Ringer: 3-27-2013 Bell-Ringer: 3-27-2013 1. Where is 1. Where is Our TownOur Town set? set?

(A) Spoon River, Illinois(A) Spoon River, Illinois

(B) Grover’s Corners, New Hampshire(B) Grover’s Corners, New Hampshire

(C) Amity Harbor, Washington(C) Amity Harbor, Washington

(D) Winesburg, Ohio(D) Winesburg, Ohio

2. In what year does the play begin?2. In what year does the play begin?(A) 1860(A) 1860

(B) 1950(B) 1950

(C) 1913(C) 1913

(D) 1901(D) 1901

3. As the play begins, where has Dr. Gibbs been?3. As the play begins, where has Dr. Gibbs been?(A) Spending the night with his mistress in a motel room(A) Spending the night with his mistress in a motel room

(B) Delivering twin babies(B) Delivering twin babies

(C) Visiting a dying woman(C) Visiting a dying woman

(D) At a medical convention in Manchester(D) At a medical convention in Manchester

Exit Slip: 3-27-2013 Exit Slip: 3-27-2013 1. What does Mr. Webb do for a living?1. What does Mr. Webb do for a living?

(A) He is a selectman(A) He is a selectman

(B) He is the editor of the local newspaper(B) He is the editor of the local newspaper

(C) He is a duck hunter (C) He is a duck hunter

(D) He is a surgeon(D) He is a surgeon

2. Where does Mrs. Gibbs want to take a vacation?2. Where does Mrs. Gibbs want to take a vacation?(A) Florida(A) Florida

(B) Rome(B) Rome

(C) New York City(C) New York City

(D) Paris(D) Paris

3. Which characters does the Stage Manager bring out to tell the 3. Which characters does the Stage Manager bring out to tell the audience about the town?audience about the town?

(A) Professor Willard and Mr. Webb(A) Professor Willard and Mr. Webb

(B) Professor Willard and Mrs. Gibbs(B) Professor Willard and Mrs. Gibbs

(C) George Gibbs and Mrs. Soames(C) George Gibbs and Mrs. Soames

(D) Dr. Gibbs and Constable Warren(D) Dr. Gibbs and Constable Warren

Bell-Ringer: 3-28-2013 Bell-Ringer: 3-28-2013 1. Which of the following does not get deposited in the time capsule?1. Which of the following does not get deposited in the time capsule?

(A) A copy of (A) A copy of Our TownOur Town

(B) A copy of the Bible(B) A copy of the Bible

(C) A picture of the Stage Manager(C) A picture of the Stage Manager

(D) An issue of (D) An issue of The SentinelThe Sentinel

2. What does George want to do after high school?2. What does George want to do after high school?(A) Study at Harvard(A) Study at Harvard

(B) Take over his uncle’s farm(B) Take over his uncle’s farm

(C) Become a doctor(C) Become a doctor

(D) Become a teacher(D) Become a teacher

3. From what affliction does the choirmaster suffer?3. From what affliction does the choirmaster suffer?(A) Alcoholism(A) Alcoholism

(B) Cancer(B) Cancer

(C) Insomnia(C) Insomnia

(D) Grief over his father’s death(D) Grief over his father’s death

Exit Slip: 3-28-2013 Exit Slip: 3-28-2013 1. What is the name of the song the choir sings several times during the 1. What is the name of the song the choir sings several times during the play?play?

(A) “Blessed Be the Tie That Binds”(A) “Blessed Be the Tie That Binds”

(B) “Happy Birthday”(B) “Happy Birthday”

(C) “The Hallelujah Chorus”(C) “The Hallelujah Chorus”

(D) “The Wedding March”(D) “The Wedding March”

2. What is the weather like at the beginning of Act II?2. What is the weather like at the beginning of Act II?(A) It is snowing(A) It is snowing

(B) It is raining(B) It is raining

(C) It is sunny(C) It is sunny

(D) It is foggy(D) It is foggy

3. Who gets married in Act II?3. Who gets married in Act II?(A) George and Rebecca(A) George and Rebecca

(B) Wally and Rebecca(B) Wally and Rebecca

(C) George and Emily(C) George and Emily

(D) Mr. Webb and Mrs. Gibbs(D) Mr. Webb and Mrs. Gibbs

Drama: Drama: Bell-Ringers & Exit Bell-Ringers & Exit SlipsSlips

April 8-12, 2013April 8-12, 2013

Pick up a Pick up a BELL-RINGER BELL-RINGER

sheet here.sheet here.

Bell-Ringer: 4-8-2013 Bell-Ringer: 4-8-2013 1. Where is 1. Where is Our TownOur Town set? set?

(A) Spoon River, Illinois(A) Spoon River, Illinois

(B) Grover’s Corners, New Hampshire(B) Grover’s Corners, New Hampshire

(C) Amity Harbor, Washington(C) Amity Harbor, Washington

(D) Winesburg, Ohio(D) Winesburg, Ohio

2. In what year does the play begin?2. In what year does the play begin?(A) 1860(A) 1860

(B) 1950(B) 1950

(C) 1913(C) 1913

(D) 1901(D) 1901

3. As the play begins, where has Dr. Gibbs been?3. As the play begins, where has Dr. Gibbs been?(A) Spending the night with his mistress in a motel room(A) Spending the night with his mistress in a motel room

(B) Delivering twin babies(B) Delivering twin babies

(C) Visiting a dying woman(C) Visiting a dying woman

(D) At a medical convention in Manchester(D) At a medical convention in Manchester

Exit Slip: 4-8-2013 Exit Slip: 4-8-2013 1. What sport does George play in high school?1. What sport does George play in high school?

(A) Soccer(A) Soccer

(B) Football(B) Football

(C) Baseball(C) Baseball

2. During the flashback in Act II, where does George take Emily 2. During the flashback in Act II, where does George take Emily after she accuses him of being stuck up?after she accuses him of being stuck up?

(A) Home to meet his parents(A) Home to meet his parents

(B) To the field to watch him play baseball(B) To the field to watch him play baseball

(C) To get an ice-cream soda(C) To get an ice-cream soda

3. Who gets nervous before the wedding?3. Who gets nervous before the wedding?(A) Both George and Emily(A) Both George and Emily

(B) Only George(B) Only George

(C) Only Emily(C) Only Emily

(D) George and Emily’s parents(D) George and Emily’s parents

Bell-Ringer: 4-9-2013 Bell-Ringer: 4-9-2013 1.1. The front area of the stage extending past the main act curtain.The front area of the stage extending past the main act curtain.

a)a) ApronApron

b)b) WingsWings

c)c) BlockingBlocking

2.2. The offstage areas directly to the right and left of the performance space.The offstage areas directly to the right and left of the performance space.

a)a) ApronApron

b)b) WingsWings

c)c) BlockingBlocking

3.3. The path formed by the actor’s movement on stage, usually determined The path formed by the actor’s movement on stage, usually determined by the director, playwright, and/or actor.by the director, playwright, and/or actor.

a)a) ApronApron

b)b) WingsWings

c)c) BlockingBlocking

Exit Slip: 4-9-2013 Exit Slip: 4-9-2013 1. Who acts as the minister at the wedding?1. Who acts as the minister at the wedding?

(A) The Stage Manager(A) The Stage Manager

(B) Constable Warren(B) Constable Warren

(C) The Mayor(C) The Mayor

(D) Dr. Gibbs(D) Dr. Gibbs

2. What is Sam Craig’s relationship to Emily?2. What is Sam Craig’s relationship to Emily?(A) He is her ex-boyfriend(A) He is her ex-boyfriend

(B) He is her cousin(B) He is her cousin

(C) He is an old friend from school(C) He is an old friend from school

(D) He is one of her high school teachers(D) He is one of her high school teachers

3. What is the cause of Emily’s death?3. What is the cause of Emily’s death?(A) Old age(A) Old age

(B) Cancer(B) Cancer

(C) A car accident(C) A car accident

(D) Complications during childbirth(D) Complications during childbirth

Bell-Ringer: 4-10-2013 Bell-Ringer: 4-10-2013 1. During the flashback in Act II, where does George take Emily after she accuses him of being stuck up?

(A) Home to meet his parents(B) To the field to watch him play baseball(C) To get an ice-cream soda(D) To eat dinner at a restaurant

2. What day from her earthly life does Emily decide to revisit?(A) Her wedding day(B) The day of her first child’s birth(C) Her twelfth birthday(D) Her high school graduation

3. What happens when Emily goes back and relives the past?(A) She is unable to bear it and returns to the cemetery(B) She decides to remain there(C) She realizes how boring life is(D) She finds everything has changed

Exit Slip: 4-10-2013 Exit Slip: 4-10-2013 1. Who leads Emily back to the cemetery?

(A) Mrs. Gibbs(B) The Stage Manager(C) Mr. Webb(D) An angel

2. Who comes and lays prostrate (flat) beside Emily’s grave at the end of the play?

(A) Mr. Webb(B) Mrs. Webb(C) The Stage Manager(D) George

3. What is the Stage Manager’s final action?(A) He bows to the audience(B) He winds his watch(C) He waves good-bye to the audience(D) He draws the curtain across the stage

(SS): Exit Slip: 4-8-2013 (SS): Exit Slip: 4-8-2013 1. What does Mr. Webb do for a living?1. What does Mr. Webb do for a living?

(A) He is a selectman(A) He is a selectman

(B) He is the editor of the local newspaper(B) He is the editor of the local newspaper

(C) He is a duck hunter (C) He is a duck hunter

(D) He is a surgeon(D) He is a surgeon

2. Where does Mrs. Gibbs want to take a vacation?2. Where does Mrs. Gibbs want to take a vacation?(A) Florida(A) Florida

(B) Rome(B) Rome

(C) New York City(C) New York City

(D) Paris(D) Paris

3. Which characters does the Stage Manager bring out to tell the 3. Which characters does the Stage Manager bring out to tell the audience about the town?audience about the town?

(A) Professor Willard and Mr. Webb(A) Professor Willard and Mr. Webb

(B) Professor Willard and Mrs. Gibbs(B) Professor Willard and Mrs. Gibbs

(C) George Gibbs and Mrs. Soames(C) George Gibbs and Mrs. Soames

(D) Dr. Gibbs and Constable Warren(D) Dr. Gibbs and Constable Warren

(SS): Bell-Ringer: 4-9-2013 (SS): Bell-Ringer: 4-9-2013 1.1. The front area of the stage extending past the main act curtain.The front area of the stage extending past the main act curtain.

a)a) ApronApron

b)b) WingsWings

c)c) BlockingBlocking

2.2. The offstage areas directly to the right and left of the performance space.The offstage areas directly to the right and left of the performance space.

a)a) ApronApron

b)b) WingsWings

c)c) BlockingBlocking

3.3. The path formed by the actor’s movement on stage, usually determined The path formed by the actor’s movement on stage, usually determined by the director, playwright, and/or actor.by the director, playwright, and/or actor.

a)a) ApronApron

b)b) WingsWings

c)c) BlockingBlocking

(SS): Exit Slip: 4-9-2013 (SS): Exit Slip: 4-9-2013 1. Which of the following does not get deposited in the time capsule?1. Which of the following does not get deposited in the time capsule?

(A) A copy of (A) A copy of Our TownOur Town

(B) A copy of the Bible(B) A copy of the Bible

(C) A picture of the Stage Manager(C) A picture of the Stage Manager

(D) An issue of (D) An issue of The SentinelThe Sentinel

2. What does George want to do after high school?2. What does George want to do after high school?(A) Study at Harvard(A) Study at Harvard

(B) Take over his uncle’s farm(B) Take over his uncle’s farm

(C) Become a doctor(C) Become a doctor

(D) Become a teacher(D) Become a teacher

3. From what affliction does the choirmaster suffer?3. From what affliction does the choirmaster suffer?(A) Alcoholism(A) Alcoholism

(B) Cancer(B) Cancer

(C) Insomnia(C) Insomnia

(D) Grief over his father’s death(D) Grief over his father’s death

(SS): Bell-Ringer: 4-10-2013 (SS): Bell-Ringer: 4-10-2013 1. What is the name of the song the choir sings several times during the 1. What is the name of the song the choir sings several times during the play?play?

(A) “Blessed Be the Tie That Binds”(A) “Blessed Be the Tie That Binds”

(B) “Happy Birthday”(B) “Happy Birthday”

(C) “The Hallelujah Chorus”(C) “The Hallelujah Chorus”

(D) “The Wedding March”(D) “The Wedding March”

2. What is the weather like at the beginning of Act II?2. What is the weather like at the beginning of Act II?(A) It is snowing(A) It is snowing

(B) It is raining(B) It is raining

(C) It is sunny(C) It is sunny

(D) It is foggy(D) It is foggy

3. Who gets married in Act II?3. Who gets married in Act II?(A) George and Rebecca(A) George and Rebecca

(B) Wally and Rebecca(B) Wally and Rebecca

(C) George and Emily(C) George and Emily

(D) Mr. Webb and Mrs. Gibbs(D) Mr. Webb and Mrs. Gibbs

(SS): Exit Slip: 4-10-2013 (SS): Exit Slip: 4-10-2013 1. What sport does George play in high school?1. What sport does George play in high school?

(A) Soccer(A) Soccer

(B) Football(B) Football

(C) Baseball(C) Baseball

2. During the flashback in Act II, where does George take Emily 2. During the flashback in Act II, where does George take Emily after she accuses him of being stuck up?after she accuses him of being stuck up?

(A) Home to meet his parents(A) Home to meet his parents

(B) To the field to watch him play baseball(B) To the field to watch him play baseball

(C) To get an ice-cream soda(C) To get an ice-cream soda

3. Who gets nervous before the wedding?3. Who gets nervous before the wedding?(A) Both George and Emily(A) Both George and Emily

(B) Only George(B) Only George

(C) Only Emily(C) Only Emily

(D) George and Emily’s parents(D) George and Emily’s parents