El SubjuntivoNo es tan complicado…

En EspañolThe subjuntivo is not a tense; rather, it is a mood.

Tense refers to when an action takes place (past, present, future), while mood merely reflects how the speaker feels about the action.

The subjunctive mood is rarely used in English, but it is widely used in Spanish.

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4.1–3

Examples of the subjunctive being used in English:

1) The doctor recommends that she drink 4 glasses of water a day.

Normally, the indicative conjugation is "She drinks"; but, the subjunctive conjugation form drops the "s."

2) The State requires that you be 18 years old to buy cigarettes.

Normally, the indicative conjugation is "you are."

3) "If I were King, I would eat Ben & Jerry's ice cream daily."

Normally, the indicative conjugation is "I was.” 

Tiempo Verbal - Modo

INDICATIVE

certainty/objectivity

(present, preterite,

imperfect, future,

conditional, compound

tenses)

SUBJUNCTIVE

possibiliby/

subjectivity

Further ExplanationIn general, the subjunctive is a verb mood that is used to express an action or state of being in the context of the speaker's reaction to it.

Most commonly (although not always), the subjunctive verb is used in a clause that starts with the relative pronoun que (meaning "which," "that" or "who").

Frequently, the sentences that contain a subjunctive verb are used to express doubt, uncertainty, denial, desire, commands or reactions to the clause containing the subjunctive verb.

¿Cómo lo formamos?

Conjuga al “yo”:

(ej. hablar --> hablo)

Quita la “-o”:

(hablo --> habl)

Añade la vocal opuesta:

(habl --> hable)

Termninaciones

AR

ER

IR

Singular Plural

1st Person -e -emos

2nd Person -es -éis

3rd Person -e -en

Singular Plural

1st Person -a -amos

2nd Person -as -áis

3rd Person -a -an

Práctica – Subjuntivo(regular)

HABLAR Singular Plural

hable hablemos

hables habléis

hable hablen

COMER Singular Plural

coma comamos

comas comáis

coma coman

VIVIR Singular Plural

viva vivamos

vivas viváis

viva vivan

-CAR / -GAR / -ZARThese verbs change spelling to preserve vowel sound.

TOCAR Singular Plural

1st Person toque toquemos

2nd Person toques toquéis

3rd Person toque toquen

JUGAR Singular Plural

1st Person juegue juguemos

2nd Person juegues juguéis

3rd Person juegue jueguen

CRUZAR Singular Plural

1st Person cruce crucemos

2nd Person cruces crucéis

3rd Person cruce crucen

Práctica – Subjuntivo

(yo – irregular en indicativo)HUIR Singular Plural

huya huyamos

huyas huyáis

huya huyan

CONOCER Singular Plural

conozca conozcamos

conozcas conozcáis

conozca conozcanSALIR Singular Plural

salga salgamos

salgas salgáis

salga salgan

“Verbos bota”

-ar

-er

-ir

OUEEIEEI

OUEI

*jugar ue

Stem-changers-AR, -ER and –IR verbs that have stem changes in the present indicative have the same changes in the present subjunctive.

In addition:

–ir verbs change in nosotros &

vosotros forms: o u & e i

Irregulares

SER Singular Plural

1st Person sea seamos

2nd Person seas seáis

3rd Person sea sean

ESTAR Singular Plural

1st Person esté estemos

2nd Person estés estéis

3rd Person esté estén

Más Irregulares

IR Singular Plural

1st Person vaya vayamos

2nd Person vayas vayáis

3rd Person vaya vayan

HABER Singular Plural

1st Person haya hayamos

2nd Person hayas hayáis

3rd Person haya hayan

…Más Irregulares

SABER Singular Plural

1st Person sepa sepamos

2nd Person sepas sepáis

3rd Person sepa sepan

DAR Singular Plural

1st Person dé demos

2nd Person des déis

3rd Person dé den

Irregulares(igual que mandatos)

Basics of the subjunctiveMust have a subjunctive TRIGGER

(i.e. verb or expression of wishing wanting/will or

influence, emotion, doubt)

Sentence has 2 clauses (part of sentence w/ subject & verb).

Each clause has different subject. (subject in the first part of the sentence cannot be the same as the other subject)

‘QUE’ connects the two parts

1st verb in present INDICATIVE

2nd verb in present SUBJUNCTIVE

EJEMPLO: Los profesores quieren indicativo

que que

los estudiantes escriban apuntes. subjuntivo

Subjunctive “Triggers”: Verbs of influence

Querer

Insistir en

Preferir

Mandar

Prohibir

Permitir

Desear

Recomendar

Sugerir

Pedir

Es necesario

Es urgente

Es importante

Es mejor

}+ que + subjunctive

Sugiero que hables con tus padres.

This INDICATIVE VERB has to TRIGGER the subjunctive. It must

denote emotion, denial, uncertainty, volition, influence, desire, etc.

Formula for when subjunctive is used

S1 + V1 + QUE + S2 + V2

2nd S

ubje

ct

2nd V

ER

B

1st V

ER

B

1st S

UB

JEC

T

Subjects must be different. This verb will be in

the subjunctive

.

Subjunctive “Triggers” :Verbs of Emotion

Alegrarse de

Esperar

Sentir

Temer

Tener miedo de

Me gusta

Te molesta

Le sorprende

Es extraño

Es increible

Es mejor

Es bueno

Es malo

Es ridículo

Es terrible

Es una lástima

Es urgente

¡Qué extraño

¡Qué lástima

}+ que + subjunctivo

Me alegro de que vayas a estudiar en México.

Verbos / Frases

, Recommendations

= “Hopeful”

¡Ojo!If there is no change of subject in the sentence, then the 2nd verb

will be in the INFINITIVE.

Ejemplo:

Prefiero ir a Bogotá en junio. Prefiero que (tú) vayas en agosto.

I prefer to go to Bogota in June. I prefer that you go in August.

v1 v2

□ sujeto 1□ verbo WEIRDO en indicativo □ sujeto 2

□ sujeto 1□ verbo WEIRDO en indicativo □ sujeto 2

v v

□ que + verbo en subjuntivo

Many common expressions introduce subjunctive clauses:

Es una pena que... "It is a shame that..."

Quiero que... "I want..."

Ojalá (que)... "I hope..."

Es importante que... "It is important that..."

Me alegro de que... "I am happy that..."

Es bueno que... "It is good that..."

Es necesario que... "It is necessary that..."

Dudo que... "I doubt that..."

This INDICATIVE VERB has to TRIGGER the subjunctive. It must

denote emotion, denial, uncertainty, volition, influence, desire, etc.

Formula for when subjunctive is used

S1 + V1 + QUE + S2 + V2

2nd S

ubje

ct

2nd V

ER

B

1st V

ER

B

1st S

UB

JEC

T

Subjects must be different. This verb will be in

the subjunctive

.

Subjunctive Triggers of Doubt & Denial

No creer

Dudar

Negar

No es cierto

No es seguro

No es verdad

Es posible

No es posible

Es probable

No es probable

Es improbable

No es improbable

No estar seguro/a (de)

}+ que + subjunctive

Dudo que ella estudie para el examen.

¡Ojo!If there is no “WEIRDO” in the sentence, then the 2nd verb will not be in

the SUBJUNCTIVE

Ejemplo:

Creo que ella va a llegar tarde. Dudo que vayas a llegar a tiempo.

I believe (that) she will arrive late. I doubt (that) you will arrive on time.

v v

□ sujeto 1□ verbo WEIRDO en indicativo □ sujeto 2

□ sujeto 1□ verbo WEIRDO en indicativo □ sujeto 2

v v

□ que + verbo en subjuntivo

□ que + verbo en indicativo

This INDICATIVE VERB has to TRIGGER the subjunctive. It must

denote emotion, denial, uncertainty, volition, influence, desire, etc.

Formula for when subjunctive is used

S1 + V1 + QUE + S2 + V2

2nd S

ubje

ct

2nd V

ER

B

1st V

ER

B

1st S

UB

JEC

T

Subjects must be different. This verb will be in

the subjunctive

.

El verbo “decir”:¿Mandato? o ¿Hecho?

Videos that Explain Usage

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlJxXPtv0cE&feature=related (Formation - Irregulars)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTTcm9OAcDo&feature=related (Influence)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOsgpBgQDiA&feature=related (Emotion)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjLJgCkRkjM&feature=related (Doubt and Denial)