¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is...

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¡El subjuntivo!

Transcript of ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is...

Page 2: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

Subjunctive is not hard.. Let’s clear it up..

• 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood.

• 2- Tense refers to when an action takes place • (past, present, future), while mood merely reflects

how the speaker feels about the action.

• The subjunctive mood is rarely used in English, but it is widely used in Spanish.

Page 3: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

Para formar el presente del subjuntivo

1- “yo” del presente del indicativo2- quita la “-o” 3- añade la terminación opuesta

• 1- “Yo” • 2- “Drop”• 3- “Opp”

-AR -ER/IR

-e -emos -a -amos

-es -éis -as -áis

-e -en -a -an

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Los irregulares del presente “Yo” form

• Verbs that change in the “yo” form in the present, it will STILL take the change in the subjunctive:

• Caer, Decir, Hacer, Salir, Traer, Venir, etc..

• Caiga Diga Haga Salga Traiga Venga• Caigas Digas Hagas Salgas Traigas

Vengas• Caiga Diga Haga Salga Traiga Venga• Caigamos Digamos Hagamos Salgamos Traigamos

Vengamos• Caigan Digan Hagan Salgan Traigan

Vengan

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Stem changers• If there is a

stem change in the Present Tense, keep the change in the Subjunctive form

• EXCEPT in the “Nosotros” form in –AR/ -ER

• ONLY “-IR” verbs continue to stem-change in ALL forms of the Present Subjunctive

• Ejemplos:

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Ejemplos de los stem changers

• Pedir• Pida• Pidas• Pida• Pidam

os• --------• Pidan

• Pensar• Piense• Pienses• Piense• Pensem

os• --------• Piensen

• Entender

• Entienda• Entienda

s• Entienda• Entendam

os

• ----------• Entienda

n

• Poder• Pueda• Pueda

s• Pueda• Podamo

s

• -------• Pueda

n

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“-CAR -GAR -ZAR”

• LLEGAR• Llegue• Llegues• Llegue• Lleguem

os• --------• Lleguen

• SACAR• Saque• Saques• Saque• Saquemos• ---------• Saquen

• EMPEZAR• Empiece• Empieces• Empiece• Empecem

os• --------• Empiecen

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Completamente irregularDISHES

DarDé, DesDéDemo

s

Den

IrVayaVayasVayaVayam

os

vayan

SerSeaSeasSeaSeamos

Sean

Haber

HayaHayasHayaHayam

os

Hayan

EstarEstéEstésEstéEstemo

s

Estén

Saber

SepaSepasSepaSepam

os

Sepan

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Forumla: Must have all 3!• Clause #1

• Subject #1

• Indicative verb

(Use a WEIRDO)

• Conjunction

• que

• Necessary to introduce the subjunctive

clause

• Clause #2

• Subject #2 +

• Subjunctive verb

(The person or thing

in our WEIRD world)

+ +

Yo quiero que tú vengas a mi fiesta(clause #1) (clause #2)

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Los usos del subjuntivo

• If the verb in the first clause has a meaning of:– Persuasion, doubt, emotion, etc.

• The verb in the second clause = subjunctive

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Acrónimo #1- WEIRDO

• Wishes• Emotion• Impersonal expression• Recommendation• Doubt• Ojalá – (I hope)

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WEIRDO #1) Wishes

• Verbs used:

• Necesitar, Querer, Esperar (to hope), Desear

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WEIRDO #2) Emotions (all followed by que)

• Verbs used:

• Me alegra, Me hace feliz,

• Me siento, Temo, Tengo miedo de,

• Me lamento, Me enoja (It angers me)

• Me encanta, Me gusta

• Me molesta, Me sorprende (Surprises me)

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WEIRDO #3) Impersonal expressions

• Frases:

• Es bueno que• Es difícl que• Es fácil que• Es dudoso que• Es fantástico que• Es necesario que

• Frases:

• Es importante que • Es (im)posible que• Es probable que• Es una lástima que• Es malo que• Es mejor que• Es terrible que

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WEIRDO #4) Recomendations/Requests

• Frases:

• Recomendar• Sugerir (suggest)

• Frases:

• Pedir• Insistir en• Permitir• Proponer

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WEIRDO #4) Recomendations/Requests

• Frases:

• Recomendar• Sugerir (suggest)

• Frases:

• Pedir• Insistir en• Permitir• Proponer

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WEIRDO #5) Doubt

• Frases:

• Dudar• Negar (to deny)• (e--- > ie)

• Quizás …(me llame?)

• Frases:

• No creer que• No pensar que• No saber que

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WEIRDO #6) Ojalá

• “Oh Allah”• árabe

• Frases:• Ojalá que….• (I/Let’s hope that…)

• …no tengamos escuela mañana!

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Acrónimo #2- NUDE

• Necessity • Uncertanity• Desire• Emotion

• Teehee!

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Clausulas en el subjuntivo • In Spanish there are 2 types of adverbial

phrases that introduce the subjunctive:

1. Conditional conjunctions, which deal with certain conditions being met

2. Temporal conjunctions, which deal with time

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Las conjunciones condicionalesALWAYS followed by the subjunctive-

ESCAPA

• En caso (de) que

• Sin que• Con tal (de)

que• Antes de

que• Para que• A menos

que

• In case• Without• Provided that• Before• In order to

/ So that

• Unless

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Ejemplos. Siempre el subjuntivo..• 1- No voy a menos que venga él. I’m not going unless he comes.

• 2- Salgo a la una con tal que termines el trabajo. I leave at 1:00 provided that you finish your work.

• 3- Rosario trabaja mucho para que viva bien Carlitos. Rosario works a lot in order for/so that Carlitos lives well.

• 4- No hago nada sin que lo sepan. • I don’t do anything without their knowing it.

• 5- Debemos estudiar en caso que haya examen mañana. • We should study in case there’s a test tomorrow.

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Conjunciones temporales: SOMETIMES use subjuntive. • We use subjuntive in these clauses if:

• It is a future action that has yet to occur – I will do it when we get up. – (Lo hago cuando nos levantemos.)

• We use indicative if:• It is a habitual, factual, completed action.• I brush my teeth every morning when we get up.• Me lavo los dientes cada mañana cuando nos levantamos

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Las conjunciones temporales(Temporal conjunctions) ~ MATCHED

• Mientras• A fin de que• Tan pronto como• Cuando• Hasta que• En cuanto• Después de que

• While• So that• As soon as• When• Until• As soon as• After

Page 26: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

Ejemplos…. A veces se usa• 1. Lo haré cuando nos levantemos.• I’ll do it when we get up.

• 2. Me lavaré los dientes después de que comamos.

• I’ll brush my teeth after we eat.

• 3. Los estudiantes lo repetirán hasta que él esté satisfecho.

• The students will repeat it until he is satisfied.

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o 1.  En caso de que ese plomero no (viene, venga, venir) llame a otro.

o 2.  Voy a hablar con mi abogado sin que mi jefe lo (sabe, sepa, saber)

o **3.  El traductor usa un diccionario para (entiende, entienda, entender) lo que necesita traducir al italiano.

o4.  La criada necesita limpiar toda la casa antes de que yo le (da, dé, dar) un cheque.

o 5.  El siquiatra no puede ayudarte a menos que tú le (dices, digas, decir) lo que te preocupa

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1. No podemos hacer nada hasta que tú (vuelves, vuelvas) para ayudarnos.

2. Siempre tengo hipo (hiccups) cuando yo (como, coma) mucha comida.

3. Mis padres estarán estáticos en cuanto yo (consigo, consiga) un trabajo.

4. Yo lloro cuando (veo, vea) una película triste.

5. Después de que (te vistes, te vistas) quiero salir para la universidad.

6. No hago nada por la mañana hasta que alguien me (lee, lea) mi horóscopo.

Page 29: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

Calentamiento: Conjugen al subjuntivo:

• 1- (yo) hablar• 2- (tú) comer • 3- (México) vivir• 4- (nos.) pensar• 5- (ellos) salir• 6- (uds.) traer• 7- (ella) hacer• 8- (nos.) hacer• 9- (él) estar• 10- (ellos) dar

• 11- (yo) venir• 12- (yo) conocer• 13- (ella) dormir• 14- (yo) pedir• 15- (ellos) pedir• 16- (yo) entender• 17- (nos.) entender• 18- (ellos) describir• 18- (uds.) dibujar

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Ensayito- 50 palabras• Describe lo que esperas del resto del

semestre.–Yo quiero que…–Yo espero que…–Ojalá que…

• Ejemplo: Yo quiero que mis profesores me den buenas notas y ojalá que no tenga que hacer tarea ni estudiar.

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Los mandatos afirmativos con nosotros- “Let’s…”

#1- Toma la forma de nosotros del presente del subjuntivo

1. Compremos comida aquí.2. Comamos en un restaurante.3. Pidamos un menu.

1. Let’s buy food here.2. Let’s eat at a restaurant .3. Let’s ask for a menu.

Page 32: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

Los mandatos negativos con nosotros- “Let’s…” #1- Toma la forma de nosotros del presente del subjuntivo#2- Añade “no” enfrente del verbo

1. No compremos comida aquí.2. No comamos en un restaurante.3. No pidamos un menu.

1. Let’s not buy food here.2. Let’s not eat at a restaurant.

3. Let’s not ask for a menu.

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¡LA EXCEPCIóN! “Ir”• The only exception is the verb “Ir” which uses

the present INDICATIVE for the AFFIRMATIVE command only

• Vamos ahora.• Let’s go now.

• But…………..

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¡LA EXCEPCIóN! “IR”• But…………..

• In the negative command, use the present subjunctive:

• No vayamos a la tienda.• Let’s not go to the store.

Page 35: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

¡LA EXCEPCIóN! “IR”

Affirmative

• Vamos a la tienda.• Let’s go to the store.

Negative

• No vayamos a la tienda.• Let’s not go to the store.

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Los mandatos con nosotros- “Let’s…”

¡OJO!

Pronous are attached to affirmative nosotros commands ofREFLEXIVE verbs drop the final “-s”of the verb.

1. Sentarse• Sentemos+ nos =• ¡Sentémonos!

2. Ponerse Pongamos + nos =

Pongámonos las gafas del sol.

3. IrseVamos + nos

Vamonos

¡Importante!

Page 37: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

Los mandatos con nosotros- “Let’s…”

#2- Vamos + a + infinitivo

• Vamos a comprar comida aquí.• Vamos a comer aquí.

• Let’s buy food here.• Let’s eat here.

• Also can mean…..

• We are going to buy food here.• We are going to eat here.

Page 38: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

Los mandatos con nosotros- “Let’s…”

#2- Vamos + a + infinitivo

• No vayamos a comprar comida aqui.

• No vayamos a comer aquí.

Pero… Usamos el indicativo para “IR” en el negativo

• Let’s not buy food here.• Let’s not eat here.

No vamos a comprar comida aqui.

No vamos a comer aquí.We are not going to buy food here.

We are not going to eat here.

Page 39: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

¡Tu turno!

1. Let’s live in peace.2. Let’s talk about that.3. Let’s get up. (levantarse)4. Let’s walk to the park.5. Let’s get married! (casarse)6. Let’s not get married.7. Let’s not do our homework.8. Let’s not eat vegetables.9. Let’s speak Spanish! 10. Let’s take the bus.11. Let’s sit down.

1. Vivamos en paz.2. Hablemos de eso.3. Levantémonos.4. Caminemos al parque.5. Casémonos.6. No nos casemos.7. No hagamos la tarea.8. No comamos los vegetables.

9. ¡Hablemos en español!

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¡Tu turno!

1. Let’s go to bed. (acostarse)2. Let’s talk about this.3. Let’s wake up. (despertarse)4. Let’s go to the beach.5. Let’s relax! 6. Let’s not run.7. Let’s make pancakes!8. Let’s have a party.9. Let’s speak Spanish! 10. Let’s take the bus.11. Let’s sit down.

1. Acostémonos. 2. Hablemos de esto.3. Despertémonos. 4. Vamos a la playa.5. Relajémonos. 6. No corramos.7. Hagamos panqueques. 8. Tengamos una fiesta.

9. ¡Hablemos en español!10. Tomemos el bus.11. Sentémonos.

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Commands + Direct Object Pronoun (D.O.P)

Pronouns- Attached to affirmative commands

1. Let’s eat it. Comámoslo.

2. Let’s do it. Hagámoslo.

3. Let’s see it. Veámoslo.

1. Let’s not eat it No lo comamos.

2. Let’s not do it. No lo hagamos.

3. Let’s not see it. No lo veamos.

Pronouns- Precede negative commands

Page 42: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

Commands + Direct Object Pronoun (D.O.P)

Pronouns- Attached to affirmative commands

1. Let’s eat them (the fruits.) 2. Comámoslas.

3. Let’s close it. (the door). 4. Cerrémosla.

1. Let’s not eat them.2. No las comamos.

3. Let’s not close it. 4. No la cerremos.

Pronouns- Precede negative commands

Page 43: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

Commands + INDirect Object Pronoun (I.O.P)

Pronouns- Attached to affirmative commands

1. Let’s explain the problem to her

2. Expliquémosle el problema

3. Let’s give her the gift. 4. Démosle el regalo.

1. Let’s not explain the problem to her.

2. No le expliquemos el problema

3. Let’s not give her the gift. 4. No le demos el regalo.

Pronouns- Precede negative commands

Page 44: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

Nosotros Commands (IOP + DOP)

Pronouns- Attached to affirmative commands

1. Let’s show it to them.2. Enseñar 3. Enseñemos + se + lo4. Enseñémoselo.

5. Let’s make them for him.6. Hagamos + se + los7. Hagámoselos.

1. Let’s not show it to them.2. No se lo enseñemos.

3. Let’s not make them for him.4. No se los hagamos.

Pronouns- Precede negative commands

Page 45: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

1. Let’s write it.2. Let’s sing it.3. Let’s watch it.4. Let’s read it.5. Let’s pay it. 6. Let’s give her the menu. 7. Let’s buy them for her.6. Let’s give it to them.7. Let’s serve them to him.8. Let’s not write it.9. Let’s not give it to them.10. Let’s not serve them to him.

1. Escribámoslo. 2. Cantémoslo.3. Mirémoslo.4. Leámoslo.5. Paguémoslo. 6. Démosle el menú. 7. Comprémoselos.8. Démoselo.9. Sirvámoselos.10. No lo escribamos.11. No se lo demos.12. No se los sirvamos.

¡Tu turno!

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1. Let’s give her the answers.2. Let’s buy her these flowers. 3. Let’s tell him the news. 4. Let’s sell them the fruit. 5. Let’s teach them the word.

1. Démosle las respuestas. 2. Comprémosle las flores.3. Digámosle la noticia. 4. Vendámosles la fruta. 5. Enseñémosles la palabra.

Calentamiento

Page 47: ¡El subjuntivo!. Subjunctive is not hard.. Lets clear it up.. 1- Misconception: The subjunctive is NOT a tense; rather, it is a mood. 2- Tense refers.

1. Let’s give her the books.2. Let’s send them the message. 3. Let’s serve him it. 4. Let’s sell them the fruit. 5. Let’s teach them the word.6. Let’s do it.7. Let’s give them it.8. Let’s not give her the books.9. Let’s not serve him it.10. Let’s not do it.

Calentamiento