Effect of location and seed rate on threegenotypes of mungbean

Guriqbal Singh1, HS Sekhon1, JS Sandhu2, SJ Singh3, RK Gumber3 and AS Randhawa4

1Department of Plant Breeding, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India(singhguriqbal@rediffmail.com). 2PAU Regional Research Station, Bathinda. 3PAU Regional Research Station,

Faridkot. 4PAU Sugarcane Research Station, Kheri, India

Abstract Mungbean sown at four sites in the Punjab on 12 and 24 July gave higher yieldsthan earlier or especially later sowings. A seed rate of 17.5 kg/ha was recommended forJuly, but 20 kg/ha seed rate is advisable for later sowings.

Keywords: seed rate, genotypes, mungbean, sowing time, Vigna radiata.

Introduction

Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is an important grain legume in India. The time of sowing has aconsiderable influence on the growth and yield. In Assam, the highest yield was with sowingon 15 August (Sarma and Medhi 1995), in Kard (Maharashtra) it was on 18–25 June (Bhoiteand Nimbalkar 1997), in Ludhiana (Punjab) 10 July (Brar et al. 1988) and in Bathinda(Punjab) 1 July (Singh and Dhingra 1993). The widespread growing of rice in the Punjabmay have affected the soils and agro-climate, and the optimum sowing date. The sowing ratealso varies. At Shalimar (Jammu and Kashmir) a seed rate of 32 kg/ha gave the highest yield(Singh et al. 1991), whereas at Ludhiana it was with 20 kg/ha (Dhingra and Sekhon 1988).This paper concerns the effect of location, sowing date and seed rate on the productivity ofthree genotypes of mungbean grown during kharif (rainy) season.

Materials and methods

Experiment 1 was conducted with four dates of sowing (1, 12, 24 July and 5 August ± 2–3days) and three seed rates (15, 17.5 and 20 kg/ha) in a split-plot design with dates as the mainplots and rates in the subplots, at Ludhiana and Faridkot (1993–95), Kheri (1993–94) andBathinda (1994–95). Ludhiana and Kheri are in the central plain where soils are loamy sand,while Faridkot and Bathinda are in the southwestern plain on sandy loam. Variety ML 267was sown in rows 30 cm apart.

Experiment 2 was with four dates of sowing (9, 20, 31 July and 12 August ± 2–3 days), twogenotypes (PBM 1 and ML 613) at Bathinda (1996–98) and Faridkot (1997–98), in rows 30 cmapart using 20 kg/ha seed. The experiment design was the same as in Experiment 1. In eachcase fertilizer with 12.5 kg/ha nitrogen and 40 kg/ha phosphorus was drilled at the time of

Trop. Sci.2003, 43, 116–120

Accepted 28 August 2002

Trop Sci 43.3_CRC 4/9/03 12:51 pm Page 116

sowing. Irrigation was applied as and when required. The crop was sprayed against insect pestsas recommended (PAU 1992).

Results

At Ludhiana, the July sowings were at par in yield in all three years (Table 1) and signifi-cantly superior to 5 August. There was no significant difference between 17.5 and 20 kg/habut 15 kg/ha yielded significantly less in 1993 and 1995. The interaction between date ofsowing and seed rate was significant only in 1995. At Kheri, the results (Table 2) weresimilar, with a drastic reduction in yield with 5 August sowing.

At Faridkot (Table 3), the yields from the July sowings were at par and significantly higherthan the 5 August sowing in all three years. In 1994 and 1995, 15 kg/ha gave significantlylower yields than 17.5 and 20 kg/ha. Date of sowing × seed rate interaction was significant in1993 and 1995. The effect of sowing date at Bathinda (Table 4) was the same in 1994, but in1995, 12 July sowing yielded significantly more than the other dates, and 1 and 24 July weresignificantly better than 5 August. A seed rate of 15 kg/ha produced significantly less grain thanthe other rates. The interaction was significant only in 1995.

In Experiment 2 at Bathinda, sowing on 20 July gave higher yields than earlier and latersowing in 1996 and 1997 (Table 5). At Faridkot, sowing on 9 July in 1997 and 20 July in1998 produced significantly higher yields and with later sowing yields were drastically

Table 1. Grain yield (kg/ha) of mungbean at Ludhiana

Seed rate Dates of sowing (±2–3 days)(kg/ha) 1 July 12 July 24 July 5 August Mean

199315.0 787 833 710 571 72517.5 910 910 802 633 81420.0 802 957 787 679 806Mean 833 900 766 628

199415.0 771 725 763 524 69617.5 799 787 734 626 73620.0 833 865 817 654 792Mean 801 792 771 601

199515.0 1138 1277 1116 694 105617.5 1263 1327 1294 875 119020.0 1097 1152 1136 1063 1112Mean 1166 1252 1182 877

LSD (P = 0.05) 1993 1994 1995Dates of sowing (D) 143 85 105Seed rates (S) 51 75 88D × S interaction NS NS 137

Agronomic studies on mungbean 117

Trop Sci 43.3_CRC 4/9/03 12:51 pm Page 117

118 Guriqbal Singh et al.

reduced. There was no significant difference between genotypes in 1996 or 1998, but in 1997PBM 1 produced significantly higher yields than ML 613 at both Bathinda and Faridkot.

Table 2.Grain yield (kg/ha) of mungbean at Kheri

Seed rate Dates of sowing (±2–3 days)(kg/ha) 1 July 12 July 24 July 5 August Mean

199315.0 1350 1403 1358 1003 127817.5 1505 1569 1386 1061 138020.0 1444 1467 1411 1194 1379Mean 1433 1480 1385 1086

199415.0 1407 1464 1394 753 125417.5 1407 1546 1516 894 134020.0 1388 1509 1485 962 1336Mean 1400 1506 1465 869

LSD (P = 0.05) 1993 1994Dates of sowing (D) 154 87Seed rates (S) 69 NSD × S interaction ns ns

Table 3.Grain yield (kg/ha) of mungbean at Faridkot

Seed rate Dates of sowing (±2–3 days)(kg/ha) 1 July 12 July 24 July 5 August Mean

199315.0 1667 1736 1778 1000 154517.5 1625 1861 1833 1139 161420.0 1542 1778 1828 1417 1641Mean 1611 1792 1813 1185

199415.0 1055 1055 986 597 92317.5 1111 1147 1119 791 104220.0 1069 1069 1097 877 1028Mean 1078 1090 1067 755

199515.0 - 1000 1111 750 95317.5 - 1250 1250 1050 118320.0 - 1083 1194 1097 1125Mean - 1111 1185 965

LSD (P = 0.05) 1993 1994 1995Dates of sowing (D) 230 90 103Seed rates (S) ns 76 77D × S interaction 181 ns 133

Trop Sci 43.3_CRC 4/9/03 12:51 pm Page 118

Discussion

The average of the ten trials across the years and locations in Experiment 1 showed thatsowing on 1, 12, 24 July and 5 August yielded 1184, 1256, 1205 and 872 kg/ha respectively.In Experiment 2, for five trials the averages for 9, 20, 31 July and 12 August were 1093,1141, 892 and 767 kg/ha, respectively. The low yield for 1 July could be due to excessivevegetative growth and lodging, while those with later sowing could be due to poor growth ofplants, shorter growing period, less favourable weather, or possibly yellow mosaic virus.

In most of the ten trials there was no significant difference in yield between 17.5 and20 kg/ha : the overall average yields were 1168 and 1151 kg/ha. With 15 kg/ha the average

Table 4. Grain yield (kg/ha) of mungbean at Bathinda

Seed rate Dates of sowing (±2–3 days)(kg/ha) 1 July 12 July 24 July 5 August Mean

199415.0 1022 1186 1072 694 99317.5 1116 1219 1130 741 105120.0 1072 1127 1061 808 1017Mean 1070 1177 1087 747

199515.0 1249 1416 1249 874 119117.5 1332 1541 1407 1057 133220.0 1232 1449 1316 1116 1274Mean 1269 1466 1332 1016

LSD (P = 0.05) 1994 1995Dates of sowing (D) 138 107Seed rates (S) ns 61D × S interaction ns 141

Table 5.Grain yield (kg/ha) of mungbean at Bathinda and Faridkot

Treatments Bathinda Faridkot1996 1997 1998 1997 1998 Mean

Dates of sowing(±2–3 days)9 July 1059 1119 1378 840 1072 109320 July 1240 1174 1320 729 1244 114131 July 1104 923 874 715 844 89212 August 952 806 738 - 572 767LSD (P = 0.05) 146 44 117 87 80

GenotypesPBM 1 1115 1198 1184 838 986 1064ML 613 1032 1034 1109 685 880 948LSD (P = 0.05) NS 110 NS 44 NS

Agronomic studies on mungbean 119

Trop Sci 43.3_CRC 4/9/03 12:51 pm Page 119

yield was much lower (1061 kg/ha). While a seed rate of 17.5 kg/ha normally gave good yields,with later sowing 20 kg/ha was needed. In one of the three years genotype PBM 1 producedsignificantly higher yields than ML 613. Sarma and Medhi (1995) in Assam found thatdifferent genotypes of mungbean did not differ in yield, but Singh and Dhingra (1993) in thePunjab did observe significant differences.

Conclusions

The optimum time of sowing mungbean is 12-24 July and 17.5 kg/ha seed is sufficient. Ifsowing is delayed 20 kg/ha should be used.

ReferencesBhoite SV and Nimbalkar VS (1997) Performance of kharif crops under different planting times. Journal of

Maharashtra Agricultural Universities 22: 345–346. Brar ZS, Singh M and Singh G (1988) Effect of planting dates and growth regulators on production of mungbean.

Journal of Research, Punjab Agricultural University 25: 515–520.Dhingra KK and Sekhon HS (1988) Agronomic management for high productivity of mungbean in different

seasons, Punjab, India. In: Mungbean, Proceedings, Second International Symposium, Bangkok, 1987, pp.378–384

PAU (1992) Package of practices for kharif crops of Punjab. Ludhiana : Punjab Agricultural University.Sarma NN and Medhi DN (1995) Response of greengram (Phaseolus radiatus) varieties to time of seeding in the

hills zone of Assam. Annals of Agricultural Research 16: 258–259.Singh KN, Bali AS, Singh MH and Khanday BA (1991) Effect of spacing and seed-rate on yield of greengram

(Phaseolus radiatus) in Kashmir valley. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 61: 326–327.Singh T and Dhingra KK (1993) Response of mungbean (Vigna radiataL.) cultivars to time of sowing under south-

western region of Punjab. Journal of Research, Punjab Agricultural University 30: 157–159.

120 Guriqbal Singh et al.

Trop Sci 43.3_CRC 4/9/03 12:51 pm Page 120