Ee Lab Final Na to Pero Kulang Pa

8/3/2019 Ee Lab Final Na to Pero Kulang Pa

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Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng MaynilaCollege ofEngineering and Technology

Chemical Engineering Department

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction

Objectives of the Study

Limitations

Significance of the Study

II. Review of Related Literature

III. Methodology

IV. Presentation

Operation/Function

Illustration/Circuit Diagram

V. Conclusion

Testing Result

Appendix

Materials

Cost

Supplies

References

About the designer


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INTRODUCTION


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OBJECTIVESOFTHE STUDY

General

The main objective of the research is to construct a lamp module that will

test light bulbs of different power outputs.

Specific

1. To develop a lamp module that consists of three sockets for testing 25, 50,

and 100-Watt light bulbs.

2. To be able to apply the basic principles and theories in electricity to build an

efficient lamp module.

3. To be able to test light bulbs of different brands with the same power level

and compare their efficiency and which gave out the most light.

4. To build a well-designed lamp module that will be used by students in

electronics laboratory

5. To identify the different materials, cost, and supplies used in building a lamp

module.


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LIMITATIONS

The project would be focusing on the construction of a lamp module for

testing light bulbs with various power outputs. The equipment used for building the

said module would be easily found in households.

The experimental procedures were conducted based on a home

environment setup only. Possible errors may be present due to human and

instrument errors, but these can be corrected during the actual operation. The

obtained results may not be a courier of the whole productivity of the processes

used due to the minimal number of trials and testing conducted.

Furthermore, the comparison for the effectiveness would be based on the

brands of the different light bulbs used for testing and also on their specified power

output.


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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The project, Lamp Module, was conducted mainly to test light bulbs. This

research is significant to the following sectors of society:

1. The Engineering and Non-Engineering Students

1. A lamp module was constructed by the researchers to provide a testing

instrument used by students taking up subjects related to electricity.

This may also serve as a reference for conducting future researches.

2. The Consumers

1. This study will help the consumers know more about light bulbs and

which brands to trust. It will also help them find the kind of light bulb

which is best suitable for their needs.

3. The Manufacturers

1. This project is a small-scale instrument similar to testing centers. Itmay be adapted in the large-scale production of light bulbs or lighting

systems. Through this lamp module, manufacturers may be able to

check and maintain the quality of their light bulbs or other lighting

systems before handing it to the consumers.


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REVIEW OF

RELATED

LITERATURE


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Brand of Light Bulb Which Gives the Most Light

Light

The world depends on light. Light is given off as the result of atoms within asubstance being given energy. It is a form of energy, just like heat and sound. Lightenergy is constantly given off from hot objects, so we see light when things burn.Light comes from atoms. It is produced by atoms that have gained energy either byabsorbing light from another source or by being struck by other particles. An atomwith such extra energy is said to be excited. Ordinarily, an atom stays excited onlybriefly. It de-excites by giving up its extra energy, or it can emit light. The lightthen carries away the extra energy.

History

Ideas about light go back thousands of years ago. A Greek engineer named

Hero wrote a book about mirrors and light in the first century A.D. He believed thatlight was a kind of "feeler" or antenna sent out by the eyes to detect the things wesee. Around 900 years later an Arabian physicist figured out that light comes fromone source, such as the sun, and that everything we see reflects light from thesource to our eyes.

The earliest experiments of electric light were made in the early 1800s by a Britishchemist Sir Humphrey Davy, who created a fine platinum wire incandescent in airby passing a current through it. He also created electric arcs. In 1878 and 1879British inventor Joseph Swan and American inventor Thomas Edison simultaneouslydeveloped the carbon filament lamp. Improved vacuum pumps and the increasedavailability of electricity made these lamps a success. The American pioneer inelectrical engineering, Charles Francis Brush, produced the first commercially

successful arc lamp in 1878.Electricity

Electricity is the physical phenomena from the behavior of electrons andprotons that is caused by attraction of particles with opposite charges and therepulsion of particles with the same charge. Electricity is a flow of electrons.

Natural Light

Natural light and artificial light are basically created the same, light is givenoff as a result of atoms with a substance of energy. There are different types ofnatural light, such as light from the sun, moon, stars, and bioluminescentorganisms. Sunlight is called white light, but it is really a bunch of different colorsthat form white light. Moonlight is the reflection of the sun. The sun is actually a

star. Animals, fungi and bacteria that emit light are called bioluminescentorganisms. The production of light in bioluminescent organisms results from theconversion of chemical energy to light energy. An example of a bioluminescentanimal would be a firefly or a glowworm.

Artificial Light

The types of electric lighting devices most commonly used are theincandescent lamp, the fluorescent lamp, and the different kinds of arc and electricdischarge lamps.If an electric current is passed through any conductor that is not perfect, a certain

amount of energy is expanded that appears as heat in the conductor. In as much


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as any heated body will give off a certain amount of light at temperatures above525 degrees C, a conductor heated above that temperature will act as a lightsource. The incandescent lamp consists of a filament of a material with a high

melting point sealed inside a glass bulb from which the air was removed, or which isfilled with an inert gas. Filaments with high melting points must be used becausethe proportion of light energy to heat energy radiated by the filament rises as thetemperature increases, and the most efficient light source is obtained at the highestfilament temperature.

Electric discharge lamps depend on the ionization and the resulting electricdischarge in vapors or gases at low pressures if an electric current is passedthrough them. The fluorescent lamp is another type of electric discharge deviceused for general-purpose illumination. It is a low-pressure mercury vapor lampcontained in a glass tube, which is coated on the inside with a fluorescent materialknow as phosphor. A fluorescent tube taking 40 watts of energy produces as much

light as a 150 watt incandescent bulb. Because of this illuminating power,fluorescent lamps produce less heat than incandescent bulbs for comparable lightproduction, resulting in lower energy costs.

Measuring Light

Light has several characteristics that can be measured. The length of lightwaves is measured in hertz. Sometimes the direction of scattered light is also animportant quantity to measure.When light is considered as a source of illumination for human eyes, its intensity, or

brightness, is measured in units that are based on a modernized version of theperceived brightness of a candle. The rate of energy flow in this case can be statedin watts, or Joules per second. Usually light contains many colors and radiates in

many directions away from a source such as a lamp.Abstract

A lamp module has a base with first and second electrical contacts for inserting intoa socket in alternate orientations. A printed circuit board is mounted to the baseand has a reverse polarity circuit coupled to the first and second electrical contactsfor converting a DC potential across the first and second electrical contacts to apower supply voltage. A current regulator has a first terminal receiving the DCpower supply voltage from the reverse polarity circuit. A programming circuitprovides a programming current to a second terminal of the current regulator togenerate an output current in response to the programming current. An LED matrixis mounted to the base and has an input coupled for receiving the output current of

the current regulator. The LED matrix has interconnected LEDs which emit a lightintensity in response to the output current of the current regulator.

What is claimed is:

1. A light emitting diode (LED) lamp module, comprising: a reverse polarity circuithaving inputs coupled to first and second electrical contacts for receiving an inputvoltage and an output providing a power supply voltage having a polarity, thereverse polarity circuit accepting either a first polarity of the input voltage or asecond polarity of the input voltage opposite to the first polarity and still providingthe same polarity of the power supply voltage; an electronic current regulator


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coupled for receiving the power supply voltage from the reverse polarity circuit andgenerating a selectable current regulated under load in response to a programmingsignal applied to a programming input of the electronic current regulator, the

electronic current regulator including, (a) a control circuit having an input coupledfor receiving the programming signal, and (b) a controllable current source having acontrol input coupled to an output of the control circuit and having an output forproviding the selectable current regulated under load; an LED matrix having aninput coupled for receiving the selectable current from the electronic currentregulator; and a programming circuit providing the programming signal to theprogramming input of the electronic current regulator, the programming circuitincluding a first diode and resistor serially coupled between the first electricalcontact and the programming input of the electronic current regulator.

2. The LED lamp module of claim 1, wherein the programming circuit furtherincludes a second diode having a first terminal coupled to the second electrical

contact and a second terminal coupled to an interconnection between the firstdiode and the resistor.

3. The LED lamp module of claim 1, wherein the LED matrix includes a plurality ofserially coupled columns of LEDS which emit a light intensity in response to theselectable current from the electronic current regulator.

4. The LED lamp module of claim 3, wherein a row of LEDs in the LED matrix iscoupled to the LEDs in an adjacent row of LEDs.

5. The LED lamp module of claim 1, further including a voltage regulator having aninput coupled to the first electrical contact and an output coupled to the

programming circuit.

6. A lamp module, comprising: a base having first and second electrical contactsadapted for inserting into a socket in alternate orientations; a printed circuit boardmounted to the base, the printed circuit board including, (a) a reverse polaritycircuit coupled to the first and second electrical contacts for converting an inputvoltage applied across the first and second electrical contacts to a power supplyvoltage, the reverse polarity circuit including a full-wave rectifier bridge having firstand second inputs coupled to the first and second electrical contacts and an outputfor providing the power supply voltage, (b) a current regulator having a firstterminal coupled for receiving the power supply voltage from the reverse polaritycircuit and generating a selectable current regulated under load in response to a

programming signal applied to a second terminal of the current regulator, and (c) aprogramming circuit providing the programming signal to the second terminal ofthe current regulator; and an LED matrix mounted to the base and having an inputcoupled for receiving the selectable current from the current regulator.

7. The lamp module of claim 6, wherein the programming circuit includes a firstdiode and resistor serially coupled between the first electrical contact and thesecond terminal of the current regulator.

8. The lamp module of claim 7, wherein the programming circuit further includes asecond diode having a first terminal coupled to the second electrical contact and a


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second terminal coupled to an interconnection between the first diode and theresistor.

9. The lamp module of claim 6, wherein the programming circuit includes atransistor having a control terminal coupled to a bias source and a conduction pathcoupled between a power source and the second terminal of the current regulator.

10. The lamp module of claim 6, wherein the LED matrix includes a plurality ofinterconnected LEDs which emit a light intensity in response to the selectablecurrent from the current regulator.

11. A light emitting diode (LED) lamp module having first and second electricalcontacts, comprising: a current regulator having a first terminal coupled forreceiving a power supply voltage and generating a selectable current regulatedunder load in response to a programming signal applied to a second terminal of the

current regulator; a programming circuit providing the programming signal to thesecond terminal of the current regulator to generate the selectable currentregulated under load; an LED matrix having an input coupled for receiving theselectable current from the current regulator; and a reverse polarity circuit havinginputs coupled to the first and second electrical contacts for receiving an inputvoltage and an output providing the power supply voltage, the reverse polaritycircuit accepting either a first polarity of the input voltage or a second polarity ofthe input voltage opposite to the first polarity and still providing the same polarityof the power supply voltage.

12. The LED lamp module of claim 11, wherein the programming circuit includes afirst diode and resistor serially coupled between the first electrical contact and the

second terminal of the current regulator.

13. The LED lamp module of claim 12, wherein the programming circuit furtherincludes a second diode having a first terminal coupled to the second electricalcontact and a second terminal coupled to an interconnection between the firstdiode and the resistor.

14. The LED lamp module of claim 11, wherein the LED matrix includes a plurality ofinterconnected LEDs which emit a light intensity in response to the selectablecurrent from the current regulator.

15. The LED lamp module of claim 11, wherein the programming circuit includes a

transistor having a control terminal coupled to a bias source and a conduction pathcoupled between a power source and the programming input of the currentregulator.

16. The LED lamp module of claim 11, wherein the programming circuit includes amultiplexer having first and second inputs coupled for receiving first and secondcurrents and an output connected to the programming input of the currentregulator.

17. A light emitting diode (LED) lamp module, comprising: a reverse polarity circuithaving inputs coupled to first and second electrical contacts for receiving an input


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voltage and an output providing a power supply voltage having a polarity, thereverse polarity circuit accepting either a first polarity of the input voltage or asecond polarity of the input voltage opposite to the first polarity and still providing

the same polarity of the power supply voltage; an electronic current regulatorcoupled for receiving the power supply voltage from the reverse polarity circuit andgenerating a selectable current regulated under load in response to a programmingsignal applied to a programming input of the electronic current regulator; an LEDmatrix having an input coupled for receiving the selectable current from theelectronic current regulator; and a programming circuit providing the programmingsignal to the programming input of the electronic current regulator.

18. The LED lamp module of claim 17, wherein the programming circuit furtherincludes a second diode having a first terminal coupled to the second electricalcontact and a second terminal coupled to an interconnection between the firstdiode and the resistor.

19. The LED lamp module of claim 17, wherein the LED matrix includes a plurality ofserially coupled columns of LEDs which emit a light intensity in response to theselectable current from the electronic current regulator.

20. The LED lamp module of claim 19, wherein a row of LEDs in the LED matrix iscoupled to the LEDs in an adjacent row of LEDS.

21. The LED lamp module of claim 17, further including a voltage regulator havingan input coupled to the first electrical contact and an output coupled to theprogramming circuit.

22. The LED lamp module of claim 17, further including a first diode and resistorserially coupled between the first electrical contact and the programming input ofthe electronic current regulator.

23. The LED lamp module of claim 17, wherein the programming circuit includes atransistor having a control terminal coupled to a bias source and a conduction pathcoupled between a power source and the programming input of the currentregulator.

The present invention relates in general to lamp modules and, more particularly, to

a reversible polarity light emitting diode (LED) lamp module using a current

regulator.

LED lamp modules are used in many applications. Motor vehicles use a number of

lamps and light bulbs to signal driver intention, warnings, and other status of the

vehicle. The light bulbs may be located inside or external to the vehicle, and are

typically inserted into sockets which are electrically coupled to the vehicle power

supply in a controlled manner. For example, the light bulb may be used as an

external front, side, or rear turn signal indicator. The light bulb can also be used for

headlights, tail lights, back-up lights, brake lights, emergency flashers, and the like.
http://bulb.net/http://bulb.net/


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Most, if not all, state and local ordinances require external lights on motor vehicles

for visibility and safety. In other cases, light bulbs are used to illuminate the

instrument panel, interior compartment, open door, footing area outside vehicle,

vanity mirror, cargo area, and trunk.

Lighting for various end products has long been embodied as incandescent light

bulbs. The light bulbs operate using various power supply sources, some producing

DC voltage as found in most vehicles, and others operate from an AC voltage such

as the light bulbs typically found in houses and buildings. Most vehicles operate

from a 12 volt DC power supply to the vehicle. As a tail light, when the tail light

switch is turned to the ON position, the vehicle's 12 volt DC power supply is applied

to the tail light bulb to illuminate the filament. The tail light bulb emits an intensity

of light. In the case of a brake light, when the driver depresses the brake pedal, the

12 volt DC power supply is applied to the brake light bulb to illuminate the filament.The brake light bulb emits an intensity of light, greater than the intensity of the tail

light. The incandescent light bulb is known to consume significant power, burn hot,

and have a relatively short lifespan.

More recently, LEDs lamp modules have been used in lieu of the incandescent light

bulbs. Examples of the LED lamp modules are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,371,636 and

6,786,625. The LEDs typically operate at voltages between 1.7 and 2.2 volts, and

must be able to produce a light intensity suitable for human perception and

recognition from a distance. Since light bulbs are typically operated at higher

voltages, the current and voltage must be controlled in order to prevent damage to

the LEDs. When used in light bulbs, the LEDs are usually arranged in a matrix or

array in the lamp module. Generally, all LEDs in the matrix emit light at the same

time. The LEDs emit an intensity of light as a function of the current supplied to the

LED matrix.

In the prior art LED lamp modules used in dual intensity applications such as brake

lights, turn signals and other dual intensity light bulb applications, when the

operator turns on the tail lights, pulls the turn signal lever, depresses the brake

pedal, or otherwise activates the light circuit, a DC voltage is applied through a

power resistor to the LED matrix. The power resistor converts the DC voltage to an

appropriate current for driving the LED matrix. The value of the power resistordetermines the magnitude of the current flow to the LED matrix and accordingly,

the intensity of illumination of the LEDs. The dim circuit signal path will have a first

value of resistance between the DC power supply and the LED matrix. The bright

circuit signal path will have a second value of resistance between the DC power

supply and the LED matrix. The first value of resistance sets a first current level and

illuminates the LED matrix with a first intensity corresponding to a dimmer light.

The second value of resistance sets a second current level and illuminates the LED

matrix with a second intensity corresponding to a brighter light, e.g., a brake light
http://bulb.net/http://bulb.net/http://bulb.net/http://bulb.net/


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or turn signal light in a vehicle.

The LED lamp module may also have an electronic switching circuit to connect and

disconnect the resistor supplied current to the LED matrix. The switching circuitswitches on and off at predetermined frequency to permit the LED matrix to flash,

for a turn signal function or emergency flasher function.

The LED voltage drop is a function of the temperature of the LED. When power

resistors are used for current control, they cannot adapt to changing temperatures.

As a result, the LEDs do not always receive an optimal flow of current. The LEDs

may be over-driven which will shorten their life, or under-driven which causes them

to appear dim. The power resistors also reduce the life span of the LED and may not

allow the LED light module to operate at peak performance over the range of

temperatures.

Another problem associated with using power resistors in LED matrix lamp modules

is that they are unable to adapt to a variation in DC supply voltage. Although

sources of power to buildings and vehicle voltages are set to operate at nominal

voltages, the actual voltage may vary considerably. The LEDs are more vulnerable

to these variations, since they are not designed to function at the higher voltage.

The use of power resistors to control LED light intensity is problematic. If the LED

lamp module is set up with a power resistor that will protect the LED at a higher

voltage, 14 volts, then the LED will appear dimmer than desired if the supply

voltage drops, to 12 volts. If the same LED lamp module is set up with power

resistors to operate at full brightness at lower voltage, 12 volts, then the LEDs will

burn out prematurely if the system voltage is slightly higher, 14 volts. The use of

power resistors in LED lamp modules often results in the premature burn out of the

LEDs and/or LED light modules that are unable to operate at optimal peak

intensities.

LEDs and multi-LED light bulbs are manufactured in such a manner as to require a

particular polarity when used in DC circuits such as an automobile lighting and other

DC applications, whereas conventional incandescent light bulbs will function

regardless of plus or minus (+/-) polarity in the DC circuit. As a result, many of the

conventional sockets commonly used do not key the bulb to ensure that properpolarity is assigned when the bulb is inserted. While this is not a problem with the

ambipolar incandescent bulbs, it is a problem with existing LED light bulbs causing

the bulb to not function if the polarity happens to be reversed.

A need exists for an LED lamp module which provides substantially consistent

brightness over variation in the supply voltage, and temperatures. A need also

exists to eliminate the ambiguity of polarity in DC sockets so that LED lamp

modules will operate in the DC circuit regardless of the polarity of the wiring


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connected to the socket, and regardless which way the bulb is inserted into the

socket. The LED lamp module design needs to provide for mistake proof installation.

In one embodiment, the present invention is a light emitting diode (LED) lamp

module comprising a reverse polarity circuit having inputs coupled to first and

second electrical contacts for receiving a DC voltage and an output providing a DC

power supply voltage. An electronic current regulator has a power supply terminal

coupled to an output of the reverse polarity circuit. An LED matrix has an input

coupled to an output of the electronic current regulator. A programming circuit

provides a programming signal to a programming input of the electronic current

regulator to generate an output current to the LED matrix. The programming circuit

includes a first diode and resistor serially coupled between the first electrical

contact and the programming input of the electronic current regulator.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a lamp module comprising a base

having first and second electrical contacts adapted for inserting into a socket in

alternate orientations. A printed circuit board is mounted to the base. The printed

circuit board includes a reverse polarity circuit coupled to the first and second

electrical contacts for converting a DC potential across the first and second

electrical contacts to a DC power supply voltage, a current regulator having a first

terminal coupled for receiving the DC power supply voltage from the reverse

polarity circuit, and a programming circuit providing a programming signal to a

second terminal of the current regulator to generate an output current. An LED

matrix is mounted to the base and has an input coupled for receiving the output

current of the current regulator.

In another embodiment, the present invention is an LED lamp module having first

and second electrical contacts. A current regulator has a first terminal coupled for

receiving a DC power supply voltage a current regulator having a first terminal

coupled for receiving a DC power supply voltage. A programming circuit provides a

programming signal to a second terminal of the current regulator to generate an

output current. An LED matrix has an input coupled for receiving the output current

of the current regulator.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a method making a light emitting

diode (LED) lamp module comprising providing a base having first and second

electrical contacts adapted for inserting into a socket in alternate orientations,

providing a printed circuit board mounted to the base, the printed circuit board

being capable of converting a DC potential across the first and second electrical

contacts to a DC power supply voltage, generating a programming signal, supplying

the DC power supply voltage to a current regulator, and generating an output

current from the current regulator in response to the programming signal, and


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providing an LED matrix mounted to the base which emits a light in response to the

output current of the current regulator.

A lamp module suitable for a projector has an insulating base, a lamp,electrode lines, electrode terminals, electrode strips, conductive lines, an electrical

connector and conductive terminals. The lamp is mounted on the insulating base.

Each of the electrode lines has an end connected to the lamp. The electrode

terminals are respectively connected to the other ends of the electrode lines. Each

of the electrode strips has a first end and a second end, wherein the electrode

terminals and the first ends are fastened on the insulating base, and the electrode

terminals respectively contact the first ends. The electrical connector is connected

to one ends of the conductive lines. The conductive terminals are respectively

connected to another ends of the conductive lines. The conductive terminals and

the second ends herein are fastened on the insulating base, and the conductive

terminals respectively contact the second ends.

Claims:

1. A lamp module, suitable for a projector, the lamp module comprising:an

insulating base;a lamp, mounted on the insulating base;a plurality of electrode

lines, each thereof having an end connected to the lamp;a plurality of electrode

terminals, respectively connected to the other ends of the electrode lines;a plurality

of electrode strips, each thereof having a first end and a second end, wherein the

electrode terminals and the first ends are fastened on the insulating base, and the

electrode terminals respectively contact the first ends;a plurality of conductive

lines;an electrical connector, connected to one ends of the conductive lines; andaplurality of conductive terminals, respectively connected to another ends of the

conductive lines, wherein the conductive terminals and the second ends are

fastened on the insulating base, and the conductive terminals respectively contact

the second ends to make the lamp electrically connected to the electrical

connector.

2. The lamp module according to claim 1, wherein the electrode line comprises a

metal bare wire.

3. The lamp module according to claim 1, wherein the electrode terminal comprises

a ring terminal.

4. The lamp module according to claim 1, wherein the insulating base has a

plurality of grooves and the electrode strips are respectively disposed in the

grooves.

5. The lamp module according to claim 1, wherein the electrode strip is in U-shape.

6. The lamp module according to claim 1, wherein the conductive terminal


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comprises a ring terminal.

7. The lamp module according to claim 1, further comprising:a plurality of first

fixing screws, respectively going through the electrode terminals and the first endsto fasten the electrode terminals and the first ends on the insulating base.

8. The lamp module according to claim 1, further comprising:a plurality of second

fixing screws, respectively going through the conductive terminals and the second

ends to fasten the conductive terminals and the second ends on the insulating base.

9. The lamp module according to claim 8, wherein the second fixing screws have

different specifications.

10. The lamp module according to claim 1, wherein the conductive lines have

different lengths.


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METHODOLOGY

METHODOLOGY

The design for the lamp module consists of three pillars that would hold the

lamps. The base and pillars were hollow in order to allow the electrical wires to pass

through the base where the indicators and terminals were located. The pillars were

enclosed by plywood in three sides and by fiber glass on front. In constructing the

lamp module, the group has done the following:


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1. First, the group has gathered the materials needed for the construction of the

module wood (plywood, solid wood), epoxy, nails, receptacles, electric

wires, light bulbs (25, 50, and 100 watts), sand paper, screws, paint, and fiber

glass. Also, equipment such as chisel, saw, hammer, screwdriver, paintbrush,and camera (for documentation) were gathered.

2. The wood was measured according to the indicated dimensions of the design.

It was then cut and the edges smoothened using the sand paper.

3. Thin plywood that could not be nailed was joined using epoxy binder.

Otherwise, other segments were joined using nails.

4. The receptacles, wires, and bulbs were assembled and mounted on top of the

plywood pillars. The wires were concealed inside the hollow pillars, the end ofwhich goes through the base of the module, connected to the positive and

negative wire indicators.

5. After the parts were connected, the segments were assembled according to

the design of the lamp module.

6. The front side of the module was made with fiber glass.

7. The module was then painted by the group based on the desired design.

8. The names of the group members were attached to the module.


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Presentation

FUNCTIONS OF LAMP MODULE

The main function of this lamp module project is to test for the efficiency or power

of a light bulb. It is built in such a way that it could be connected with different

testing devices or with other circuits. To check for the amount of power a certain

bulb uses, two of three things must be known. They are the voltage across the

device, the current used by the device and the resistance of the device. Power is

equal to voltage times current; voltage squared divided by the resistance; and

current squared times the resistance. So as said earlier, devices such as

multimeter, ammeter, ohmmeter etc., can be connected to this module to measure

the current, voltage as well as the resistance of a bulb. With this, power could be

determined and be checked by the consumer.


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Conclusion


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APPENDIX


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MATERIALS and TOOLS

1. Receptacle

2. 25, 50, 100-W bulbs

3. Wood Adhesive

Receptacle

4. Plywood


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1. Electric Wire

2. Saw

Electric Wire

1. Chisel

1. Hammer

2. Screwdriver

3. Screw


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Materials and Cost

Materials Quantity Price

Receptacles (2 inch) 3 74.25 PhP

25-W Bulb 1 32.75 PhP

50-W Bulb 1 32.75 PhP

100-W Bulb 1 39.75 PhP

Wood Adhesive 1 44.75 PhP

Plywood * Sponsored by PDSPO

Electric Wire 3 meters 54.00 Php

Terminals

Acrylic Paint

Paint Brush

Name Plate

3 pairs

2

2

3

15.00 PhP

109.50 PhP

96.00 PhP

36.00 PhP

Total Price: 534.75 PhP


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Suppliers

1. ADHESIVE: Pioneer

2. RECEPTACLES: Omni

3. BULB: Philips

4. TERMINALS: Raon Shop

5. PLYWOOD: PDSPO

6. PAINT: MBGI-WAP

7. NAME PLATE: Mabo

8. TERMINALS: RAON Shop

9. ELECTRIC WIRE: ACE Hardware

Ee Lab Final Na to Pero Kulang Pa

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