EdPsychSpreadActivation
17
Exploring Exploring Schema Schema Theory: Theory: Priming & Priming & Spread Activation Spread Activation Using Using Inspiration Inspiration © to ‘reveal’ hidden principles © to ‘reveal’ hidden principles of cognitive science schema theory. of cognitive science schema theory. EDP 304 Educational Psychology EDP 304 Educational Psychology Dr. Heather A. Davis, Dept. Curriculum & Dr. Heather A. Davis, Dept. Curriculum & Instruction Instruction
-
Upload
heather-a-davis -
Category
Education
-
view
1.295 -
download
0
description
This is a companion module that I use to help students understand the nature of priming and spread activation. The 'sample schema' created in this presentation was created using Inspiration.com software. This module can be viewed as a narrated movie off my website for the course:http://courses.ncsu.edu/edp304/lec/002/
Transcript of EdPsychSpreadActivation
Exploring Exploring Schema Theory:Schema Theory:
Priming & Priming & Spread ActivationSpread Activation
Exploring Exploring Schema Theory:Schema Theory:
Priming & Priming & Spread ActivationSpread Activation
Using Using InspirationInspiration © to ‘reveal’ hidden principles © to ‘reveal’ hidden principles
of cognitive science schema theory.of cognitive science schema theory.
EDP 304 Educational PsychologyEDP 304 Educational PsychologyDr. Heather A. Davis, Dept. Curriculum & InstructionDr. Heather A. Davis, Dept. Curriculum & Instruction
Module Objectives• In this module we will:
– Review concepts and principles of schema theory.
– Learn about the concepts of priming and spread activation.
– View an example of priming and spread activation.
– Consider the implications of priming and spread activation for classroom instruction and assessment.
Overview of Schema Theory
What we’ve learned so far:
• Knowledge is organized as a network of nodes (pieces of information) and links (connections).
• We can activate students’ existing knowledge by “priming” a node in their schema.
• When we “prime” a node (e.g. by asking a question), additional information in the schema becomes activated through the process of “spread activation.”
How does the “activation” of information in students’ schemas affect learning?
• Accessing students’ existing knowledge about a subject can help focus our instruction.
• Accessing students’ existing knowledge about a subject can reveal misconceptions that may interfere with future learning.
• How you “prime” students’ schemas will affect the “activation” of information and therefore their ability to “recall” different nodes in their schemas.
What does it Mean to be an Elementary School Student?: Two
Examples• In the next slide you will see a sample “schema” a child might have for what it is like to be an elementary school student.• Lets’ assume two children hold identical schemas and you ask both of them to tell you, “What does it mean to be an elementary school student?”• On this particular day one student was picked on in during their bus ride to school, while the other student just received feedback from the teacher about doing poorly on a written assignment.
Example 1 vs. Example 2• Compare the content of information you would get from the two children about what it is like to be an elementary school student.
• How did the “prime” (initial yellow node) and the “spread” of information (red links) shape recall?
• In both cases we are going to use the broad “prime” above: What is it mean to be an elementary school student?
•Consider: How could we manipulate the “prime” so that the two students accessed similar information?
What does it mean to be an Elementary
School Student?
Riding the Bus
Eating Lunch
Doing Homework
Lining Up
Making Friends
Listening to the Teacher
Doing Work
Playing on the Playground
Rules
Directions
Need Help
Confused
Angry
Gives Help
Asks for Help
Excited
ScaryMiss the
Bus
Bus driver
Sitting in My Seat
Talking to Friends
Bus Stop
Waiting for Bus
Bullies
Talking To
Saying Hi
Working together
Sitting Together
Where will I sit?
What to eat?
Bring lunch
Buy lunch
Monitor
Treats
No Talking?
Who do I play with?
Gender
Race
Best Friend
Swings
SlideGames
"Nice day"
At the Table
On the Computer
Reading
Problems
Do with Mom
Do with Dad
Math
Reading
Science
Art
Problems
Social Studies
Writing
Music
Gym
Front
Back
Practice
Clean up
Hold hands
Getting in Trouble
What does it mean to be an Elementary
School Student?
Riding the Bus
Eating Lunch
Doing Homework
Lining Up
Making Friends
Listening to the Teacher
Doing Work
Playing on the Playground
Rules
Directions
Need Help
Confused
Angry
Gives Help
Asks for Help
Excited
ScaryMiss the
Bus
Bus driver
Sitting in My Seat
Talking to Friends
Bus Stop
Waiting for Bus
Bullies
Talking To
Saying Hi
Working together
Sitting Together
Where will I sit?
What to eat?
Bring lunch
Buy lunch
Monitor
Treats
No Talking?
Who do I play with?
Gender
Race
Best Friend
Swings
SlideGames
"Nice day"
At the Table
On the Computer
Reading
Problems
Do with Mom
Do with Dad
Math
Reading
Science
Art
Problems
Social Studies
Writing
Music
Gym
Front
Back
Practice
Clean up
Hold hands
Getting in Trouble
What does it mean to be an Elementary
School Student?
Riding the Bus
Eating Lunch
Doing Homework
Lining Up
Making Friends
Listening to the Teacher
Doing Work
Playing on the Playground
Rules
Directions
Need Help
Confused
Angry
Gives Help
Asks for Help
Excited
ScaryMiss the
Bus
Bus driver
Sitting in My Seat
Talking to Friends
Bus Stop
Waiting for Bus
Bullies
Talking To
Saying Hi
Working together
Sitting Together
Where will I sit?
What to eat?
Bring lunch
Buy lunch
Monitor
Treats
No Talking?
Who do I play with?
Gender
Race
Best Friend
Swings
SlideGames
"Nice day"
At the Table
On the Computer
Reading
Problems
Do with Mom
Do with Dad
Math
Reading
Science
Art
Problems
Social Studies
Writing
Music
Gym
Front
Back
Practice
Clean up
Hold hands
Getting in Trouble
What does it mean to be an Elementary
School Student?
Riding the Bus
Eating Lunch
Doing Homework
Lining Up
Making Friends
Listening to the Teacher
Doing Work
Playing on the Playground
Rules
Directions
Need Help
Confused
Angry
Gives Help
Asks for Help
Excited
ScaryMiss the
Bus
Bus driver
Sitting in My Seat
Talking to Friends
Bus Stop
Waiting for Bus
Bullies
Talking To
Saying Hi
Working together
Sitting Together
Where will I sit?
What to eat?
Bring lunch
Buy lunch
Monitor
Treats
No Talking?
Who do I play with?
Gender
Race
Best Friend
Swings
SlideGames
"Nice day"
At the Table
On the Computer
Reading
Problems
Do with Mom
Do with Dad
Math
Reading
Science
Art
Problems
Social Studies
Writing
Music
Gym
Front
Back
Practice
Clean up
Hold hands
Getting in Trouble
What does it mean to be an Elementary
School Student?
Riding the Bus
Eating Lunch
Doing Homework
Lining Up
Making Friends
Listening to the Teacher
Doing Work
Playing on the Playground
Rules
Directions
Need Help
Confused
Angry
Gives Help
Asks for Help
Excited
ScaryMiss the
Bus
Bus driver
Sitting in My Seat
Talking to Friends
Bus Stop
Waiting for Bus
Bullies
Talking To
Saying Hi
Working together
Sitting Together
Where will I sit?
What to eat?
Bring lunch
Buy lunch
Monitor
Treats
No Talking?
Who do I play with?
Gender
Race
Best Friend
Swings
SlideGames
"Nice day"
At the Table
On the Computer
Reading
Problems
Do with Mom
Do with Dad
Math
Reading
Science
Art
Problems
Social Studies
Writing
Music
Gym
Front
Back
Practice
Clean up
Hold hands
Getting in Trouble
What does it mean to be an Elementary
School Student?
Riding the Bus
Eating Lunch
Doing Homework
Lining Up
Making Friends
Listening to the Teacher
Doing Work
Playing on the Playground
Rules
Directions
Need Help
Confused
Angry
Gives Help
Asks for Help
Excited
ScaryMiss the
Bus
Bus driver
Sitting in My Seat
Talking to Friends
Bus Stop
Waiting for Bus
Bullies
Talking To
Saying Hi
Working together
Sitting Together
Where will I sit?
What to eat?
Bring lunch
Buy lunch
Monitor
Treats
No Talking?
Who do I play with?
Gender
Race
Best Friend
Swings
SlideGames
"Nice day"
At the Table
On the Computer
Reading
Problems
Do with Mom
Do with Dad
Math
Reading
Science
Art
Problems
Social Studies
Writing
Music
Gym
Front
Back
Practice
Clean up
Hold hands
Getting in Trouble
What does it mean to be an Elementary
School Student?
Riding the Bus
Eating Lunch
Doing Homework
Lining Up
Making Friends
Listening to the Teacher
Doing Work
Playing on the Playground
Rules
Directions
Need Help
Confused
Angry
Gives Help
Asks for Help
Excited
ScaryMiss the
Bus
Bus driver
Sitting in My Seat
Talking to Friends
Bus Stop
Waiting for Bus
Bullies
Talking To
Saying Hi
Working together
Sitting Together
Where will I sit?
What to eat?
Bring lunch
Buy lunch
Monitor
Treats
No Talking?
Who do I play with?
Gender
Race
Best Friend
Swings
SlideGames
"Nice day"
At the Table
On the Computer
Reading
Problems
Do with Mom
Do with Dad
Math
Reading
Science
Art
Problems
Social Studies
Writing
Music
Gym
Front
Back
Practice
Clean up
Hold hands
Getting in Trouble
What does it mean to be an Elementary
School Student?
Riding the Bus
Eating Lunch
Doing Homework
Lining Up
Making Friends
Listening to the Teacher
Doing Work
Playing on the Playground
Rules
Directions
Need Help
Confused
Angry
Gives Help
Asks for Help
Excited
ScaryMiss the
Bus
Bus driver
Sitting in My Seat
Talking to Friends
Bus Stop
Waiting for Bus
Bullies
Talking To
Saying Hi
Working together
Sitting Together
Where will I sit?
What to eat?
Bring lunch
Buy lunch
Monitor
Treats
No Talking?
Who do I play with?
Gender
Race
Best Friend
Swings
SlideGames
"Nice day"
At the Table
On the Computer
Reading
Problems
Do with Mom
Do with Dad
Math
Reading
Science
Art
Problems
Social Studies
Writing
Music
Gym
Front
Back
Practice
Clean up
Hold hands
Getting in Trouble
What does it mean to be an Elementary
School Student?
Riding the Bus
Eating Lunch
Doing Homework
Lining Up
Making Friends
Listening to the Teacher
Doing Work
Playing on the Playground
Rules
Directions
Need Help
Confused
Angry
Gives Help
Asks for Help
Excited
ScaryMiss the
Bus
Bus driver
Sitting in My Seat
Talking to Friends
Bus Stop
Waiting for Bus
Bullies
Talking To
Saying Hi
Working together
Sitting Together
Where will I sit?
What to eat?
Bring lunch
Buy lunch
Monitor
Treats
No Talking?
Who do I play with?
Gender
Race
Best Friend
Swings
SlideGames
"Nice day"
At the Table
On the Computer
Reading
Problems
Do with Mom
Do with Dad
Math
Reading
Science
Art
Problems
Social Studies
Writing
Music
Gym
Front
Back
Practice
Clean up
Hold hands
Getting in Trouble
How do priming and spread activation
operate?
• How did the “prime” (initial yellow node) and the “spread” of information (red links) shape recall?
•How could we change the “prime” so that the two students accessed similar information?
Implications of Priming and Spread Activation for Teaching
• What are the implications of priming and spread activation for teaching?– Introducing a new topic?– Asking formative questions during an
activity?– Asking summative questions during
an exam?• How should the type of prime vary as a
function of the type of assessment?
Check your Understanding
• How would you define priming?• How would you define spread
activation?• How are priming and spread
activation related to teacher questioning? Classroom assessment?
Glossary Terms: Schema Theory
– Concept– Node– Core Node– Link– Conditional Link– Organization– Priming– Spread Activation
– Long Term Memory– Semantic
Knowledge– Declarative
Knowledge– Procedural
Knowledge– Conditional
Knowledge
