Economia del turismo Corso avanzato

Economia del turismoCorso avanzato

Sustainable Tourism 2

Corso di laurea magistrale

"Analisi e gestione delle attività turistiche e delle risorse"

Roma, 19 maggio 2014

Claudio Cecchi – Dipartimento di Economia e Diritto

Sustainable Development Indicators

Chapter 40 of Agenda 21, the action plan adopted in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, calls on countries, as well as international, governmental and non-governmental organizations, to develop indicators of sustainable development that can provide a solid basis for decision-making at all levels. …

The newly [in 2007] revised Commission on Sustainable Development ( CSD ) indicators contain a core set of 50 indicators…

Core indicators fulfill three criteria. •First, they cover issues that are relevant for sustainable development in most countries. •Second, they provide critical information not available from other core indicators. •Third, they can be calculated by most countries with data that is either readily available or could be made available within reasonable time and costs.

United Nations (2007) Indicators of Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies. Third Edition. New York: The United Nations publication pp. 10-14

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CSD indicator themes

• Poverty • Natural hazards • Economic development

• Governance • Atmosphere

• Health • Land • Global economic partnership

• Education • Oceans, seas and coasts

• Demographics • Freshwater

• Consumption and production patterns

• Biodiversity

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CSD Indicators of Sustainable Development 1

Theme Sub-theme Core indicator

Poverty Income poverty Proportion of population living below national poverty line

Income inequality Ratio of share in national income of highest to lowest quintile

Sanitation Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility

Drinking water Proportion of population using an improved water source

Access to energy Share of households without electricity or other modern energy services

Living conditions Proportion of urban population living in slums

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Governance Corruption Percentage of population having paid bribes

Crime Number of intentional homicides per 100,000 population

Health Mortality Under-five mortality rate

Life expectancy at birth

Health care delivery Percent of population with access to primary health care facilities Immunization against infectious childhood diseases

Nutritional status Nutritional status of children

Health status and risks Morbidity of major diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis

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Education Education Level Gross intake ratio to last grade of primary education Net enrolment rate in primary education Adult secondary (tertiary) schooling attainment level

Literacy Adult literacy rate

Demographics Population Population growth rate

Dependency ratio

Tourism Ratio of local residents to tourists in major tourist regions and destinations

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Land Land use and status Land use change

Land degradation

Desertification Land affected by desertification

Agriculture Arable and permanent cropland area

Forests Proportion of land area covered by forests

Oceans, seas and coasts Coastal zone Percentage of total population living in coastal areas

Fisheries Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits

Marine environment Proportion of marine area protected

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Freshwater Water quantity Proportion of total water resources used Water use intensity by economic activity

Water quality Presence of faecal coliforms in freshwater Wastewater treatment

Biodiversity Ecosystem Proportion of terrestrial area protected, total and by ecological region

Species Change in threat status of species

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Economic development Macroeconomic performance Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita Investment share in GDP

Sustainable public finance Debt to GNI ratio

Employment Employment- population ratio

Labor productivity and unit labor costs Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector

Information and communication technologies

Internet users per 100 population

Research and development Gross domestic expenditure on R&D as a percent of GDP

Tourism Tourism contribution to GDP

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Global economic partnership Trade Current account deficit as percentage of GDP

External financing Net Official Development Assistance (ODA) given or received as a percentage of GNI

Consumption and production patterns

Material consumption Material intensity of the economy

Energy use Annual energy consumption, total and by main user category

Intensity of energy use, total and by economic activity

Waste generation and management

Generation of hazardous waste

Waste treatment and disposal

Transportation Modal split of passenger transportation

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Sustainable Tourism Definition

More responsible holidays include various forms of alternative or sustainable tourism such as: ‘nature-based tourism’, ‘ecotourism’ and ‘cultural tourism’

Sustainable tourism is a form of

“tourism that respects both local people and the traveller, cultural heritage and the environment”

It seeks to provide people with an exciting and educational holiday that is also of benefit to the people of the host country.

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Go to CSD Indicators.xlsx

Define importance of indicators in relation to Tourism

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Theme Sub-theme Core indicator Individual Community State

Poverty Income poverty

Proportion of population living below national poverty line

Income inequality

Ratio of share in national income of highest to lowest quintile

Sanitation Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility

Drinking water Proportion of population using an improved water source

Access to energy

Share of households without electricity or other modern energy services

Living conditions

Proportion of urban population living in slums

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Governance Corruption Percentage of population having paid bribes

Crime Number of intentional homicides per 100,000 population

Health Mortality Under-five mortality rate

Life expectancy at birth

Health care delivery

Percent of population with access to primary health care facilities

Immunization against infectious childhood diseases

Nutritional status

Nutritional status of children

Health status and risks

Morbidity of major diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis

15



Education Education Level

Gross intake ratio to last grade of primary education Net enrolment rate in primary education Adult secondary (tertiary) schooling attainment level

Literacy Adult literacy rate

Demographics

Population Population growth rate

Dependency ratio

Tourism Ratio of local residents to tourists in major tourist regions and destinations

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CSD Indicators of Sustainable Development 4Theme Sub-theme Core indicator Individual Community State

Land Land use and status

Land use change

Land degradation

Desertification Land affected by desertification

Agriculture Arable and permanent cropland area

Forests Proportion of land area covered by forests

Oceans, seas and coasts

Coastal zone Percentage of total population living in coastal areas

Fisheries Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits

Marine environment

Proportion of marine area protected

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Theme Sub-theme

Core indicator Individual Community State

Freshwater Water quantity

Proportion of total water resources used Water use intensity by economic activity

Water quality

Presence of faecal coliforms in freshwater Wastewater treatment

Biodiversity Ecosystem Proportion of terrestrial area protected, total and by ecological region

Species Change in threat status of species

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Economic development

Macroeconomic performance

Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita

Investment share in GDP Sustainable public finance

Debt to GNI ratio

Employment Employment- population ratio Labor productivity and unit labor costs Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector

Information and communication technologies

Internet users per 100 population

Research and development

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D as a percent of GDP

Tourism Tourism contribution to GDP

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CSD Indicators of Sustainable Development 7Theme Sub-theme Core indicator Individual Community State

Global economic partnership

Trade Current account deficit as percentage of GDP

External financing

Net Official Development Assistance (ODA) given or received as a percentage of GNI

Consumption and production patterns

Material consumption

Material intensity of the economy

Energy use Annual energy consumption, total and by main user category

Intensity of energy use, total and by economic activity

Waste generation and management

Generation of hazardous waste

Waste treatment and disposal

Transportation Modal split of passenger transportation

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Economia del turismoCorso avanzato

Sustainable Tourism

Corso di laurea magistrale

"Analisi e gestione delle attività turistiche e delle risorse"

Roma, 26 marzo 2014

Claudio Cecchi – Dipartimento di Economia e Diritto

Economia del turismo Corso avanzato

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