Earth Grading

8/13/2019 Earth Grading

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EARTH GRADING

Prerna Kamboj- 0806017

Shweta Sharma- 0806026

Sneha Manga- 0806028


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WHAT DOES EARTH WORK MEANS?

Basically the landscaping elements which are introduced in the HORIZONTAL WAY

to create interest or for some function is called EARTH WORKS.

It may be in the form of:

CONTOURS OR LEVELSwhich are used for different purposes which would be

discussed further.

PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATIONwhich defines the area for walking and refines the

landscape more.

PAVING PATTERNSand their detailing and fixing.

EDGINGis another important element which adds more beauty to horizontal

landscape.


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Earth grading Theframe"Earth grading" serves to define terrain earth grading. The earth

grading cannot be defined in the first stage of construction.

The earth grading should considerably simplify an input of excavation pits orembankments. The essential part of earth grading is the shape of bottom,from which the slopes of excavations or embankments are directed towardsthe original terrain. The original terrain points and edges, found in the regionof earth grading, are automatically removed during generation.

More than one earth grading can be defined within a single stage ofconstructions. They must not, however, cross each other. If that happens, theyneed to be combined into a single earth grading. No part of earth grading canalso exceed the world dimensionsin such a case one should realize that facesof earth grading may exceed the world dimensions even if the bottom isdefined well inside.

The earth grading can be edited only in the stage, where it is defined. In thenextstage of construction, the earth grading is transferred in terms of terrainnew points and edges.
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CONTOURS/GRADING TECHNIQUES

IMPORTANCE OF GRADING

Landscape architects and other designers' must ensure that grading

becomes integral part of the design process. On a par with the location of

buildings. circulation patterns, and the recognition and the use of all

landscape qualities. Indeed. in many cases the grading scheme is a

primary determinant in the total design.

FUNCTIONAL AND AESTHETIC REASONS FOR GRADING

Grading may be done for a number functional and/or aesthetic reasonswhich are discussed further.


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GRADING FOR DRAINAGE SURFACEDRAINAGE CAN BE ACHIEVED BY PITCHINGSURFACES TO NATURAL DRAINAGE FEATURES

AND SYSTEMS.

GRADING TO CREATE BERMS BERMSCAB BE CREATED FOR NOISE AND WINDBARRIER OR FOR ADDITIONAL SOIL DEPTH,

FOR CONDITIONS OF HIGH GROUND WATER

TABLE

GRADING TO CRETAE LEVEL

AREAS.RELATIVELY FLAT

GRADIENTS ARE NEEDED FOR

SPORTSAND SOMETIMES FOR AREA

NEAR BUILDINGS.


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GRADING TO MODIFY EXISTINGLANDFORMS DEEP GULLIES, NARROW RIDGES OR

STEEP SLOPES CAN BE MODIFIED TO CREATE MORE

USEFUL AND ATTRACTIVE LANDFORMS.

GRADING FOR INCREASED SITE

INTEREST GRADING CAN HELP EMPHASIZE

SITESTOPOGRAPHY, OR ANY OTHER SPECIAL

FEATURES USED IN LANDSCAPE OR TO ADD

INTEREST TO FLAT SITES.


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GRADING TO RELATED TO GOOD VIEWS IT HELPS IN CREATING AN INTERFACE BETWEEN

THE OUTSIDE & INSIDE ELEMENTS WITH WIDE INTEREST OR TO OBSTRUCT THE BAD VIEWS.

GRADING TO RELATED TO GOOD VIEWS IT HELPS IN CREATING AN INTERFACE BETWEEN

THE OUTSIDE & INSIDE ELEMENTS WITH WIDE INTEREST OR TO OBSTRUCT THE BAD VIEWS.


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GRADING TO FIT STRUCTURES

TO SITES ACCORDING TO THE

REQUIREMENT AND THE TOPOGRAPHY

OF THAT SITE SO TAKING ADVANTAGE OF

THAT GRADIENT AND USING IT.

GRADING TO EMPHASIZE

OR CONTROL CIRCULATIONIT STRONGLY CAN DEFINE THE TWO

AREAS WITHOUT HAVING ANY

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO.


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GRADING CONCEPTS

SCHEMATIC GRADING ALTERNATIVES FOR A DEFINED AREA

In the open landscape, slopes of less than 2 percent(i.e.2cm with everymeter)appear flatto the human eye. However, in areas adjacent to builtstructures, such as around buildings, even the slightest slopebecomesnoticeablebecause of the relationship to mortar joints. roof lines, and otherlevelled architectural features.

PERIMETRE EDGE LEVEL

Alternative methods for manipulating a surface for drainage while allowing'at least one peripheral edge to remain level which could be seen in nextfigure.


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PERIMETRE EDGE LEVEL- ALL SLOPES TO DRAIN INLETS AT THE SAME GRADIENT

DRAINAGE

STRUCTURES

RIDGES

LEVEL EDGE

PERIMETRE EDGE LEVEL- SLOPE

AWAY AT UNIFORM GRADIENT


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TWO PERIMETRE EDGES LEVEL

Drainage schemes applicable when two perimeter edges need to be

level. Used in roads.

PERIMETRE EDGE LEVEL- ALL SLOPES TO DRAIN INLETS AT THE

SAME GRADIENT


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TRENCH DRAIN

TWOPERIMETRE EDGES LEVEL- MINIMUM SLOPES TO TRENCH

DRAIN.


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ENTIRE AREA LEVEL

In a few circumstances, such as forrooftoplandscapesor enclosedcourtyards the entire surface ofthe enclosed area must be level.

Two waysthat an area can remainlevel and still drain properly by theuse ofporous surfacematerial,such as sand/gravel, or by the useof individually elevated pavers.

In each case there must be anadequate drainagesystembeneath the pavers to carry off the

required rainfalleffectively.DRAINAGE TILE

POROUS SURFACE- LVEL OR BELOW

MIN. LEVEL

LEVEL SURFACE WITH POROUS

PAVING


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METHODS OF EXPRESSING SLOPE

Slope is expressed either in terms of a percentage, a proportional ratio, or a

degree of slope. Each of these is explained and illustrated below.

PERCENTAGE OF SLOPE

Percentage of slope is expressed as the number of feet rise in 100 ft of horizontal

distance, typically referred to as rise/run. If the slope rises 2 ft in 100 ft, it is

considered a 2 percentslope. The percentage of slope can be calculated by the

following formula:

C = D/L *100

WHERE D = VERTICAL RISE

L = HORIZONTAL DISTANCE

C = GRADIENT %


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GRADING CRITERIA

GENERAL LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS

o Recommended Gradients

Grading of outdoor areas is done primarilyto control therunoff of

surface water.

Essentially, all surfaces should have some slope, or pitch, for proper

drainage. Owing to thedifficulties of installation and to imperfections

during therepair of surfaces, it is better to use the preferred

rather

than theminimumgradients


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VEHICLAR ACCESS

BACK SLOPE15 % MAX.

5 % MIN.

SIDE SLOPE10% MAX.

5 % MIN.

SIDE SLOPENON VEHICULAR

50 % MAX.

1.5% MIN.

SWALE

STANDARDS FOR GRADING AROUND A

TYPICAL BUILDING


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GRADING TECHNIQUES


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Earth Grading

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