by Daniel J. Murphy, DC, FACOVice President of ICA

Dan Murphy graduated magna cumlaude from Western States ChiropracticCollege in 1978, and has more than 26years of practice experience. He received hisDiplomat in Chiropractic Orthopedics in1986. Since 1982, Dr. Murphy has servedas part-time undergraduate faculty at LifeChiropractic College West, where he iscurrently teaching classes to seniors in theManagement of Spinal Disorders.

Dr. Murphy is on the post-graduate fac-ulty of several chiropractic colleges. Hispost-graduate continuing education classesinclude “Whiplash and Spinal Trauma,”“Neuroimmunology,” “Pediatrics,” “Phos-pholipid Neurobiology,” “The Neurophysi-ology of Therapeutic Lasers,” and “Nutri-tion.” Dr. Murphy is the coordinator of ayear-long certification program (throughthe International Chiropractic Association)in “Chiropractic Spinal Trauma,” now(2005) in its eighteenth year of beingoffered. He has taught more than 1,000post-graduate continuing education semi-nars, including classes in the United States,Canada, Australia, France, England, Portu-gal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, New Zealand,and South Korea.

Dr. Murphy is a contributing author tothe books Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries,published by Aspen, 1996, Pediatric Chiro-practic, published by Williams & Wilkins,1998, and Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries,2nd edition, Jones and Bartlett, 2005. Since1991, Dr. Murphy has written a quarterlycolumn in The American Journal of ClinicalChiropractic, with more than 55 columnsappearing to date.

In 1987, 1991 and 1995 Dr. Murphyreceived the “Post-Graduate Educator ofthe Year” award, given by the InternationalChiropractic Association.

In 1997 he received “The Carl S. Cleve-land, Jr., Educator of the Year” award,given by the International ChiropracticAssociation of California.

In 2001, Dr. Murphy was honored bythe readers of Dynamic Chiropractic as thetop vote receiver for the “Our Virtual Chiro-practic Association”. He was also awarded“Chiropractor of the Year” by the Interna-tional Chiropractic Association of California,and “Pediatric Chiropractor of the Year”given by Chiropractic Pediatric University.

In 2003, Dr. Murphy was awarded“Chiropractor of the Year” by ChiropracticBiophysics. This award is most prestigiousbecause Chiropractic Biophysics has morechiropractic research studies published inthe scientific literature than any otherchiropractic group.

Since 2003 Dr. Murphy is the Vice Presi-dent of the International ChiropracticAssociation.

Dr. Murphy reviews articles regardingalternative health issues, which can beaccessed through Dr. Murphy’s website atwww.danmurphydc.com.

AA 1998 article published in thejournal THORAX titled “EarlyChildhood Infection and

Atopic Disorder” notes1:

1) Atopic diseases (asthma, hayfever, and eczema in this study) arerapidly rising in westernized commu-nities.

2) The mechanism for thisincrease in atopic diseases is reducedexposure to microbes.

3) Atopic diseases were signifi-cantly statistically linked to immuniza-tion with the Pertussis vaccine and totreatment with oral antibiotics in thefirst two years of life.

4) The authors conclude thatexposure to certain infections repressatopic disorders.

A 1999 article published in the jour-nal THE LANCET titled “Atopy in Chil-dren of Families with an Anthropo-sophic Lifestyle” notes2:

1) The increased prevalence ofatopic disorders in children may beassociated with changes in childhoodinfections as related to vaccinationprograms and antibiotics that alterintestinal microflora.

2) Children who use antibioticsrestrictively and have few vaccina-tions have lower levels of atopic dis-eases.

Another 1999 article published inthe journal CLINICAL EXPERIMEN-TAL ALLERGY titled “Antibiotic use inearly childhood and the developmentof asthma” notes3:

1) Antibiotic use is significantlyassociated with a history of asthma.

2) If antibiotics are used in thefirst year of life there is a 305 percentincreased risk of developing asthmawhen compared with children whohad never used antibiotics.

3) If antibiotics are used onlyafter the first year of life there is a 64percent increased risk of asthmawhen compared with children whohad never used antibiotics.

4) The greater the number ofcourses of antibiotics given to chil-dren, the greater the risk that they willdevelop asthma.

5) “Early childhood infectionmay have a protective role against thesubsequent development of asthma.”

6) The treatment of infant infec-tions with antibiotics could play a rolein the development of childhood asth-ma.

7) Antibiotics increase the risk ofasthma by “reducing the intensity and

duration of acquired bacterial infec-tions.”

8) There is a “temporal associa-tion between the increasing preva-lence of asthma and the increasinguse of antibiotics throughout thedeveloped world.”

A 2000 article published in the jour-nal ALLERGY titled “The immunologyof fetuses and infants: What drives theallergic march?” notes4:

1) Atopy refers to allergic condi-tions which include hay fever, asthma,and eczema, and are associated withthe production of IgE antibodies tocommon environmental allergens.

2) The risk of atopic diseaseearly in life is particularly high inWestern industrialized countries.

3) The critical period that influ-ences the development of atopy is thefirst years of life.

4) “A decline in certain child-hood infections or a lack of exposureto infectious agents during the firstyears of life could have caused therecent epidemic of atopic disease andasthma.”

Early Life Infections Improve the Function of the Immune System

22 Clinical Chiropractic www.idealspine.com April 2006

Soft Tissue Research

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Article ReviewsFrom

Dan Murphy, DC$100.00 Annual SubscriptionArticle review updates pertaining to chiropractic healthcare, whiplash trauma, pediatrics, neuroimmunology,

nutrition, medical madness, etc.Your annual subscription includes immediate access to the 12 most recent article reviews (approximately 3

months of articles). As well as access to all new article reviews posted to the website for the next 12 months(approximately 50 more article reviews).

Easy sign-up through my website with a credit card using Paypal.The article reviews are in PDF format for easy printing.

Also available for an additional $150.00, the archived articles, which includes years 2002,2003, and 2004. Soon 2001 articles will be added for no additional charge.

Website: danmurphydc.comEmail: dan@danmurphydc.comPhone: (530) 878-6869

Assistant: Phyllis (775)265-1877Fax: (530) 878-6559

Address: P.O. Box 7044Auburn, CA 95604

SUBSCRIBER COMMENTSDr. Dan,

Any chiropractor that truly cares about his patients and not about just making a buck needs to be subscribing toyour E-mail Article Review Updates. I certainly am going to do my part to see that each chiro I come in contact withknows what an absolutely invaluable resource it is. I sat in amazement at the last two articles you sent regarding antibi-otic overuse and atopic disorders. What crucial information to pass on to my practice members.Thanks and keep up the awesome work. — Dr. G.M.; August 1, 2002

Just a note to let you know that I truly appreciate the articles. Is it OK with you if I hand them out to patients?Great stuff to blast insurance companies with. — Dr. R.M.; August 2, 2002

Dear Dan,I hope you can continue providing this information for many years to come. I have been in practice for 18 years

and find these citations to be the most informative, chiropractically relevant information that I have received in mycareer. I would be willing to pay more for this information to make sure that it keeps coming. Again, thank you!!

— JR, DC; January 8, 2005

5) Recovery from naturalmeasles infection reduces the inci-dence of atopy and allergic responsesto house-dust mites to half that seenin vaccinated children.

6) Bacterial infections are modu-lators of the atopic march.

7) The use of antibiotics duringthe first two years of life increases therisk of asthma.

Another 2000 article published inthe journal THE NEW ENGLANDJOURNAL OF MEDICINE titled “Sib-lings, Day-Care Attendance, and theRisk of Asthma and Wheezing duringChildhood” notes5:

1) Young children with older sib-lings and those who attend day careare at increased risk for infections,which in turn may protect against thedevelopment of allergic diseases,including asthma.

2) Exposure of young childrento older children at home or to otherchildren at day care protects againstthe development of asthma and fre-quent wheezing later in childhood.

3) The incidence and the preva-lence of asthma among children haveincreased dramatically in the pastthree decades, making it the mostcommon chronic disease of childhoodin the United States, and a decrease ininfections during early childhood maybe responsible.

4) “The incidence of asthmaamong children who had two or moreolder siblings or who attended daycare during the first six months of lifewas significantly lower than thatamong children who had one siblingor no siblings and who did not attendday care.”

5) Bacterial or viral infectionsoccurring during infancy may provideimportant signals to the newborn’smaturing immune system.

This article generated an editorialtitled DAY CARE, SIBLINGS, ANDASTHMA — PLEASE, SNEEZE ON MYCHILD, that included the followingcomments6:

1) “Parents generally agree thatchildren who attend day care or whohave older siblings have more fre-quent infections. They may be sur-prised to learn, however, that this ten-dency may protect their younger chil-dren from asthma.”

2) “A common factor underlyingthe increased prevalence of asthmaand atopic disease may be a reductionin early exposure to microbes, with alasting influence on immune develop-ment.”

3) An important signal for nor-mal postnatal immune system matura-tion is exposure to microbes. Depriva-tion of these signals in infants mayallow a change that increases the riskof eventual asthma and atopic dis-ease.

A 2001 article published in the jour-nal ALLERGY titled “The causes of theincreasing prevalence of allergy: Isatopy a microbial deprivation disor-der?” notes7:

1) “The atopic diseases, i.e., pri-marily, bronchial asthma, atopic der-matitis, and allergic rhinoconjunctivi-tis, were rare a few decades ago, butconstitute today an increasinglysevere public health problem.”

2) “The increase in the preva-lence of the allergic diseases, especial-ly in those born after 1960, is almostexplosive, and there are now epi-demics of allergic diseases in manycountries.”

3) “The prevalence of asthma inchildren and young adults has tripledand quadrupled in many industrial-ized countries during the last twodecades.”

4) Allergic sensitization may

occur in utero. [Important, as notedbelow.]

5) Allergic sensitization thatoccurs early in childhood tends topersist throughout life.

6) The very first months of lifeare of crucial importance in allergydevelopment.

7) “The more children in the fam-ily, the more infections theyencounter” and this may help to pre-vent allergy.

8) Viral infections protectagainst allergic disease.

9) “If the assumption that earlyviral or bacterial infections protectagainst the development of allergicdiseases is correct, vaccinationshould lead to an increase of allergicdisorders.”

10) Atopy is correlated to MMRvaccination (measles, mumps, rubel-la) and with the administration ofantibiotics.

11) There is a significant relation-ship between treatment with antibi-otics during the first two years of lifeand later development of allergy.

12) “Multiple courses of antibiotictreatment are associated with higherallergy prevalence, and the findingthat treatment with broad-spectrumantibiotics appears to be more likelyassociated with allergy developmentthan is ordinary penicillin.”

13) “Microbial agents do indeedplay a protective role in the develop-ment of allergic disease.”

14) Childhood infections lowerallergy prevalence, especially bacteri-al infections.

15) “From an evolutionary perspec-tive [INNATE], it is perhaps not unex-pected that the immune system,which over millions of years hasadapted to a heavy microbial load,may react in an ‘inadequate’ way upona sudden, radical decrease of thisload, caused by vaccinations, antibi-otics, and especially improved hygien-ic conditions.”

16) “A change in the ‘microbialload’ seems to be the most probablecause of the increase in the allergicdiseases.”

A 2002 article published in the jour-nal ALLERGY titled “The rise of atopyand links to infection” notes8:

1) This article explores the evi-dence that “exposure to certain antibi-otics and public health immunizationsin early life” are the cause of atopicdisorders.

2) This article also explores theevidence that “certain microbial expo-sures [infections] can inhibit experi-mental allergy.”

3) “Certain natural infectionspromote immune regulatory process-

es that can restrain atopy.”4) 45 percent of children in some

countries may be suffering fromatopic disorders.

5) “Antibiotic receipt in early lifeis associated with more subsequentatopy and asthma.”

6) Antibiotics given early life(<24 months of age) for any clinicalindication “predicted substantiallymore subsequent atopic disorder.”

7) 80 percent of children whosubsequently display atopic disorderreceived antibiotics at two months.

8) There is a “direct promotionof atopy by antibiotic receipt.”

9) Certain immunizations mayalso increase subsequent atopy,including pertussis in the DPT vaccineand the measles/mumps/rubella(MMR) vaccine.

10) The limited microbial exposurecaused by hygiene, antibiotics, andvaccinations may also explain the ris-ing of inflammatory disorders, such asinsulin dependent diabetes, in devel-oped countries.

11) Microbial exposure “may play akey role in allowing the immune sys-tem to develop protective responses.”

Another 2002 article published inthe NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OFMEDICINE titled “Environmental expo-

April 2006 www.idealspine.com Clinical Chiropractic 23

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$699.00($549 for instrument,$150 for double prongs)+ shipping & handling

see EARLY LIFE on next page

sure to endotoxin and its relation toasthma in school-age children” notes9:

1) “Asthma is the most commonchronic disease in childhood andaccounts for substantial morbidityand health care costs.”

2) One can have exposure tomicrobes or to nonviable parts ofmicrobes and not become infected.

3) “Environmental exposure tomicrobial products may have a crucialrole during the maturation of a child ‘simmune response.”

4) Exposure to microbial prod-ucts is “associated with a significantdecrease in the risk of hay-fever,atopic sensitization, atopic asthma,and atopic wheeze in childhood.”

5) “The innate immune systemresponds [favorably, for ones entirelife] to a high microbial burden.”

6) Exposure to microbial prod-ucts strongly affects the developmentof atopy and childhood asthma.

This article generated an editorialtitled EAT DIRT — THE HYGIENEHYPOTHESIS AND ALLERGIC DIS-EASES, that included the followingcomments10:

1) There is an epidemic of bothautoimmune diseases and allergic dis-eases.

2) “One theory proposed toexplain this increase in the prevalenceof autoimmune and allergic diseases isthat it results from a decrease in theprevalence of childhood infection.”

Another 2002 article published inthe same issue of the NEW ENGLANDJOURNAL OF MEDICINE titled “Mech-anisms of Disease: THE EFFECT OFINFECTIONS ON SUSCEPTIBILITY TOAUTOIMMUNE AND ALLERGIC DIS-EASES” notes11:

1) Infectious agents can sup-press allergic (asthma, rhinitis, andatopic dermatitis) and autoimmune(multiple sclerosis, insulin-dependenttype 1 diabetes, and Crohn’s disease)disorders.

2) The incidence of these disor-ders began to increase in the 1950s[coincidentally with the availability ofantibiotics and vaccinations] and con-tinues today.

3) There has been a significantdecrease in the incidence of manyinfectious diseases in developed coun-tries as a result of antibiotics, vaccina-tion, and improved hygiene.

4) Early childhood infectionschange immune system maturation.

5) The administration of antibi-otics to children increases the risk ofasthma and allergy.

6) Decreased exposure ofwomen to viruses before pregnancymay subsequently reduce the degreeof protection against these virusesafforded to their newborns.

7) “Vaccination strategies shouldbe examined in the context of thehygiene hypothesis.”

8) Vaccinations may prevent‘protective’ infections and thus havean unfavorable effect.

9) “In addition to the problem ofantibiotic resistance, unnecessarytreatment with antibiotics couldreduce the degree of physiologicalimmunostimulation afforded by com-mensal bacteria.”

10) “There is a certain irony in thefact that we must now search for newways to reproduce the infectious dis-eases against which we have beenfighting with great success over thepast three decades.”

11) These mechanisms mightextend to other immune disorders,like non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas [can-cer], which is also increasing in devel-oped countries.

Another 2002 article published in

the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPI-RATORY AND CRITICAL CARE titled“The Importance of Prenatal Expo-sures on the Development of AllergicDisease” notes12:

1) A decreased exposure toinfection may play an important rolein the etiology of allergic disease, butthere is little data on the impact ofchange in microbial exposure duringpregnancy on the child’s risk of devel-oping allergic disease.

2) Exposure to antibiotics inutero is associated with an increasedrisk of asthma, eczema and hay feverin a dose-related manner.

3) Exposure to antibiotics inutero is a important risk factor in thedevelopment of allergic disease.

4) Because the immune systemdevelops in utero, exposure to antibi-otics during pregnancy is associatedwith an increased incidence of allergicdiseases.

5) “This effect did not appear todepend on the type of antibiotic pre-scribed or the trimester the antibi-otics were prescribed.”

A 2005 article published in theBRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL titled“Day care in infancy and risk of child-hood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia”notes13:

1) Reduced exposure to infection

in the first few months of life increas-es the risk of developing acute lym-phoblastic leukaemia.

2) Several other investigatorshave reported reduced risks of acutelymphoblastic leukaemia in childrenwith many infections.

3) Reduced infections in the firstyear of life provides “inadequate prim-ing of the naïve immune system” and“may precipitate a highly dysregulat-ed immune response.”

4) “Similar associations havebeen reported for type 1 diabetes andallergies in children.”

5) “Some degree of early expo-sure to infection seems to be impor-tant for child health.”

PUBLISHED RESPONSES THATFOLLOWED THIS ARTICLE INCLUDE:

“Striking the right balance betweenprotecting our children from damag-ing or life threatening infections whilstexposing them to a ‘sufficient dose’ ofmilder infections to prime theirimmune systems, has far-reachingsocial and behavioural connotations.”

— Roger C Parslow, Senior ResearchFellow, Paediatric Epidemiology

Group, University of Leeds••••••••••[This was my favorite response, by achiropractor, Dr. Richard Lanigan]

“Gilham et al’s findings should notcome as a surprise, however theyhave stopped short of questioning thepossible benefits to the immune sys-tem of what were once called ‘normalchildhood infections’ and now, areextremely rare.”

“Prevention of infectious diseasesis seen universally as beneficial to thehealth of society. However few haveconsidered the possibility that naturalselection and these diseases, played arole in the development of theimmune system to fight more deadlydiseases.”

Dr. Lanigan then cites references tosupport the following points:

1) Children who take fewerantibiotics and a lower rate of immu-nization also have a lower prevalenceof asthma, eczema and hay fever thanthe controls.

2) Children who contractmeasles are less likely to developasthma, a disease that was rare thirtyyears ago and now kills 2000 peopleper year in the UK.

3) DPT vaccination increases therisk of allergy.

4) There is a specific inverserelationship between contractingmeasles and atopic diseases.

EARLY LIFEcontinued from previous page

24 Clinical Chiropractic www.idealspine.com April 2006

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5) Children who did not have theDPT or polio immunization did notsuffer from asthma or other allergic ill-nesses while 23 - 30 percent of thecontrol group did.

6) Children who suffered infec-tions in the first year of life are lesslikely to develop insulin dependentdiabetes.

7) Immunized children havetwice the incidence of type-1 diabetes.

—Richard Lanigan, Chiropractor

••••••••••

“The study by Gilham et al. con-firms the hypothesis that reducedexposure to infection early in life haseffects on the maturing immune sys-tem that increase the risk of acutelymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) andpossibly other malignancies.”

“The immunological basis of thisincreased risk is uncertain but it couldbe the result of the inadequate devel-opment of immune surveillance mech-anisms that detect cancer-specificantigenic determinants.”

“Gilham et al. postulate that theinadequate priming of the immunesystem due to a lack of exposure toinfection permits subsequent infec-tions by unknown exogenous agents,probably viruses, to cause immunedysregulation leading to acute lym-phoblastic leukaemia.”

— John M.Grange Centre for Infectious Diseases

and International Health,University College London.

— Bernd Krone Klaus F. Kölmel

Departments of Virology andDermatology,

University of Göttingen, Germany

••••••••••

“Before 1920, acute leukemiaamong children was a rare event. Asignificant peak-age incidence (2-5years) appeared after 1940. Sincethen, the incidence rate of childhoodleukemia has been more or lessremarkably stable. This means thatsome leukemogenic factor must havebeen introduced in children’s livessome time around 1940.”

“It is a highly striking coincidencethat at the same year the introductionof immunization against diphtheriawas began on a national scale.”

— Petar I. Ivanovski, pediatrician University Childrens Hospital,

Belgrade

••••••••••

“I wonder if our friends at the CDC,NIH, WHO etc. have consideredadding leukemia in addition to dia-betes, Guillian-Barre’, Autism, SIDS,Arthritis, Thrombocytopenia,Encephalitis, Death, SBS, DistressedBreathing, Thimerosal Accumulationin Brain (TAB), delayed speech, tics,seizures, hallucinations, dizziness,Hemorrhagic Vasculomyelinopathyetc. etc. etc. to ‘highly coincidental’adverse reactions from the long list ofmass immunizations.”

“Do you think parents would beinformed during their child’s well visitof any of the above?”

“In particular, MMR advice fromWHO is to jab unless the child is inserious risk of dying. And the only rea-son given not to jab in this instance isthat the death may “incorrectly” beattributed to the MMR. And we won-der why most all serious adverse vac-cine reactions are attributed to ‘coin-cidence’. As clearly seen in this WHOadvice—take great lengths to disclaim

any adverse vaccine reaction.” — L. Travis Haws, Dentist

Lakewood CO 80228••••••••••

“I draw attention to a letter entitled‘Immunization and ChildhoodLeukaemia’ in which it was shownthat Leukaemia in children in BrisbaneChildren’s Hospital from 1958 to 1964showed a significant statistical associ-ation with immunization against diph-theria, tetanus and whooping cough.”

In view of Dr Ivanovski’s observa-tions that the incidence of childhoodleukaemia increased with the intro-duction of DPT vaccination it is virtu-ally certain that, if investigated, theywill find the group with Leukaemiaalso shows a statistically significantincrease in immunization with DPTvaccine.

— Michael Innis, DirectorMedisets International

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLEINCLUDE:

1) A number of studies goingback nearly two decades propose thata deficit of exposure to infectiousagents in infancy delays immune sys-tem development and is consequentlyresponsible for the childhood peak ofacute lymphoblastic leukaemia at age2-5 years.

2) Sending infants to day careincreases the incidences of infections,which plays an important role inimmune system development, andreduces the incidence of acute lym-phoblastic leukaemia.

3) In this study, infants in daycare without older siblings had a 39percent reduction in acute lym-phoblastic leukaemia.

4) Infants in day care with oldersiblings had a 62 percent reduction inacute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

5) “The greatest reduction in riskof acute lymphoblastic leukaemia wasseen in children who attended formalday care during the first three monthsof life.” [Very Important: this indicatesthat the first 3 months of life are a crit-ical time for infants to actually getinfections so that their immune sys-tem develops appropriately andstrongly, which reduces the inci-dences of acute lymphoblasticleukaemia and other diseases]

6) Not being infected (“immuno-logical isolation”) in infancy increasesthe risk of acute lymphoblasticleukaemia.

7) Nine other case-control stud-ies of childhood leukaemia suggest areduction in risk of around 30-40 per-cent for day care attendance andincreased infections.

8) Not being infected (“immuno-logical isolation”) in the first year oflife provides “inadequate priming ofthe naïve immune system” and “mayprecipitate a highly dysregulatedimmune response.”

9) Increased infections in thefirst few months of life reducechances of developing acute lym-phoblastic leukaemia.

10) “The most plausible interpreta-tion is that this protection comesfrom exposure to common infections.”[This means that exposure to com-mon infections is a good thing interms of immune system developmentand reduced incidence of acute lym-phoblastic leukaemia.]

11) Exposure to common child-hood infections also reduces inci-dence of type-1 diabetes and allergies.

12) “Some degree of early expo-sure to infection seems to be impor-tant for child health.” [Very Impor-tant]

KEY POINTS IN THE RESPONSES TOTHIS ARTICLE INCLUDE:

1) The prevention of infectiousdiseases [with antibiotics and vacci-nations] impairs the development ofthe immune system so that it is less

capable of fighting more deadly dis-eases, including cancer.

2) Antibiotics and vaccination ofchildren (especially DPT) increaseasthma, eczema, hay fever, allergies,atopic disorders, insulin dependentdiabetes.

3) Immunized children havetwice the incidence of type-1 diabetes.

4) Mass immunizations havebeen linked to leukemia, diabetes,Guillian-Barre’, Autism, SIDS, Arthritis,Thrombocytopenia, Encephalitis,Death, SBS, Distressed Breathing,Thimerosal Accumulation in Brain,delayed speech, tics, seizures, halluci-nations, dizziness, Hemorrhagic Vas-culomyelinopathy etc. etc. etc.

5) There is a significant statisti-cal association with immunizationagainst diphtheria, tetanus andwhooping cough and acute lym-phoblastic leukaemia.

SUMMARY POINTS FROMDAN MURPHY

These articles, published in theworld’s finest medical journals bymany individuals from multiple conti-nents, have several common points ofagreement:

1) A person’s immune systembegins to develop and mature inutero.

2) The first years, and especiallythe first few months, of a persons lifeare also critical times in the lifelongdevelopment and maturation of theimmune system.

3) The most important factordirecting the proper development andmaturation of the immune system sothat it will best serve a person for lifeis exposure to bacteria and actuallybeing infected with a variety of bacte-ria and viruses.

4) Antibiotics, beginning inutero, and certain vaccinationsagainst common childhood diseasesreceived in the first few years of lifedeprive the developing and maturingimmune system of the stimulusrequired for optimal lifelong function.

5) The consequences of themicrobial depravation are increasedincidences of allergies, hay fever,eczema, asthma, multiple sclerosis,type-I diabetes, and leukemia.

REFERENCES:

1) Farooqi IS, Hopkin JM, Early Child-hood Infection and Atopic Disorder,Thorax, 1998;53:927-932.

2) Alm JS, Swartz J, Lilja G, ScheyniusA, Pershagen G, Children of Familieswith an Anthroposophic Lifestyle, TheLancet, Vol. 353, May 1, 1999, 1485-88.

3) Wickens K, Pearce N, Crane J,Beasley R, Antibiotic use in earlychildhood and the development ofasthma, Clin Exp Allergy 1999Jun;29(6):766-71.

4) Wahn U, The immunology of fetus-es and infants: What drives the aller-gic march? Allergy 55 (7), 591-599(2000).

5) Ball TM, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Grif-fith KA, Holberg CJ, Martinez FD,Wright AL, Siblings, Day-Care Atten-dance, and the Risk of Asthma andWheezing during Childhood, New Eng-land Journal of Medicine, Aug. 24, 2000,Vol. 343, No. 8, 538-43.

6) Christiansen SC, Day Care, Siblings,and Asthma — Please, Sneeze on MyChild, The New England Journal ofMedicine, August 24, 2000, Vol. 343,No. 8.

7) Strannegard O, Strannegard I-L, Isatopy a microbial deprivation disor-der?” Allergy 56 (2), 2001, 91-102.

8) Hopkin JM, The rise of atopy andlinks to infection, Allergy, Volume 57,August 2002, Issue s72.

9) Braun-Fahrlander C, Riedler J, HerzU, Eder W, Waser M, Grize L, Maisch S,

Carr D, Gerlach F, Bufe A, Lauener RP,Schierl R, Renz H, Nowak D, VonMutius E, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPO-SURE TO ENDOTOXIN AND ITS RELA-TION TO ASTHMA IN SCHOOL-AGECHILDREN, N Engl J Med, Vol.347,No.12, September 19, 2002, 869-877

10) Weiss S, Eat Dirt—The HygieneHypothesis and Allergic Diseases, NEngl J Med, Vol. 347, No. 12, Septem-ber 19, 2002, 930-931.

11) Bach JF, Mechanisms of Disease:THE EFFECT OF INFECTIONS ON SUS-CEPTIBILITY TO AUTOIMMUNE ANDALLERGIC DISEASES, New EnglandJournal of Medicine, Vol. 347, No. 12,September 19, 2002, 911-920

12) McKeever TM, Lewis SA, Smith C,Hubbard R, The Importance of Prena-tal Exposures on the Development ofAllergic Disease: A Birth Cohort StudyAmerican Journal Of Respiratory AndCritical Care Medicine Vol. 166, pp.827-832, 2002.

13) Gilham C, Peto J, Simpson J,Roman E, Eden TOB, Greaves MF,Alexander FE, Day care in infancy andrisk of childhood acute lymphoblasticleukaemia: findings from UK case-con-trol study, British Medical Journal,June 4, 2005.

April 2006 www.idealspine.com Clinical Chiropractic 25

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