E10 02 second languaje acquisition cap2
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Prepared By:
Edward Valcárcel Melgarejo
Docente de Educación en IdiomasUniversidad Nacional de San
Agustín de Arequipa
*Second Language
Acquisition
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OBJECTIVES
1. Demonstrate an understanding of the
internal factors influencing the learning
process.
2. Integrate knowledge of second language
acquisition research and diverse cognitive
style.
* CHAPTER 2
INDIVIDUAL LEARNER
DIFFERENCES AND SECOND
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
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*THEMATIC NUCLEUS 1
INDIVIDUAL LEARNER
DIFFERENCES AND SECOND
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
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*Aspects of SLA
Influenced by Individual
Learner Factors
*Differences in age, learning style,
aptitude, motivation and personality
results in differences in the route along
which learners pass in SLA.
*These factors influence only the rate and
ultimate success of SLA.
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*Identification and
Classification of Learner
Factors
*Personal Factors.
*General Factors.
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*Personal Factors
*Group dynamics
Where the comparison results in an unsuccessful self-
image there may be debilitating or facilitating
anxiety. In the case of the former , learners may
reduce or abandon learning effort. In the case of the
latter, learners increase their efforts in order to
compare more favourably with other learners, and as
result learning is enhaced. Where the comparison
results in a successful self-image, the learners
experiences positive rewards and thus continues to
display effort, so learning is also enhaced.
*Individual Learning Techniques
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*Attitudes to the teacher and Course materials
Some learners want the teacher to act as
informant, others praise teachers who are
logical, clear and systematic. Learners need to
feel sympathy for their teacher and also want him
or her to be predictable.
Learners also vary in their attitude to teaching
materials. In general adult learners dislike having
a coursebook imposed upon them in a rigid way.
They prefer a variety of materials
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*General Factors
1.Age:
*Starting age does not affect the route of SLA.
*Starting age affects the rate of learning.
*Starting age determines the levels of accuracy achieved, particularly in pronunciation.
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*Explaining the Effects
of Age
The Critical Period Hypothesis
*There is a period when language acquisition
takes place naturally and effortlessly.
*During this period the brain retains
plasticity, but with the onset of puberty this
plasticity begins to disappear.
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2.Intelligence and Aptitude
*Aptitude: specific cognitive
qualities needed for SLA.
*Intelligence: general factor that
underlies our ability to master
and use a whole range of
academic skills.
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3.Cognitive Style
4.Attitudes and Motivation
*Integrative motivation: identify with
the culture of the L2 group.
*Instrumental motivation: the learner’s
goals for learning the L2 are
functional.
5.Personality: extroversion and
introversion
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*CONCLUSION
The good language learner will:
*be able to respond to the group dynamics of
the learning situation
*seek out all opportunities to use the target
language
*make maximun use of the opportunities
afforded to practise
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*supplement the learning that derives fromdirect contact with speakers of the L2 withlearning derived from the use of studytechniques.
*possess sufficient analytic skills to perceive ,categorize and store the linguistic features ofthe L2, and also to monitor errors,
*possess a strong reason for learning the L2and also develop a strong task motivation.
*be prepared to experiment by taking risks.
*be capable of adapting to different learningconditions.