Dr Walaa M. Sayedfptcu.com/Gep Files/anatomy/lect 2.pdf · Dr Walaa M. Sayed Axial skeleton: Bones...
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Dr Walaa M. Sayed
Transcript of Dr Walaa M. Sayedfptcu.com/Gep Files/anatomy/lect 2.pdf · Dr Walaa M. Sayed Axial skeleton: Bones...
Dr Walaa M. Sayed
Basis of human Anatomy
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Dr Walaa M. Sayed
Introduction to human body architecture
Bony system
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Human body architecture
Articular system
Muscular system
Central nervous system
Cardiovascular system
Endocrine system
Bony tissue & Architecture of skeleton
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By
Dr. Walaa M. SayedLecturer of Anatomy & Embryology
Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine
Cairo University
A. Definition: It is a hard connective tissue
B. Functions of bones (skeleton)
B. Classification of bones (skeleton)
Bony tissue & architecture of skeleton
Dr Walaa M. Sayed
BonesB. Functions of Skeleton
1. Give a specific shape to the body
2. Protect the vital organs (eg.)
3. Provides surface area for muscle attachment.
4. Provides the body with a central axis
5. Forms the joints (for locomotor system)
6. Transmits & supports the body weight/
7. Forms the blood elements in the bone marrow
8. Stores calcium salts
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BonesB. Classification of bones
(skeleton)
I. According to their position in the body
II. According to their shape
III. According to the process of ossification
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B. Classification of bones
(skeleton)
I. According to their position in the body.
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Appendicular
skeleton
Axial
skeleton
B. Classification of bones
(skeleton)
I. According to their position in the body.
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Axial skeleton:
Bones lie in the
midline of the
body
1-Skull2-Mandible3-Hyoid bone4- sternum
5-Ribs6-Vertebral column
B. Classification of bones
(skeleton)
I. According to their position in the body.
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Appendicular
skeleton
Bones of the
upper and
lower limbs
BonesB. Classification of bones
(skeleton)
2- According to their shape
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Long
bonesShort
bonesFlat
bones
Pneumatic
bonesIrrigular
bonesSesamoid
bones
1- Long Bones (site)
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1- Long Bones (structure)
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Structure:
Epiphysis
Diaphysis (shaft)
1- Long Bones (structure)
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Structure:
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
(shaft)
Metaphysis
structure of long bone
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Periosteum
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Arterial supply of long bone
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Growth of bones
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2- Short Bones
Carpal bones Tarsal bones
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3- Flat bones
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4- Pneumatic bones
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5- Irregular bones
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5- Sesamoid bones
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Site Structure & Characters Functions
long Bones of the upper
and lower limbs
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Free Movement
short Carpal (in hand)
and tarsal (in foot)
bones
They consist of spongy bone
covered by thin layer of compact
bone
1-resist compression forces
2-They limit movements
Flat Scapula, skull cap
(roof), ribs
Two thin plates of compact bone
with middle layer of spongy
bone.
1-Protection
2-Muscle attachment
pneumatic Skull (paranasal
sinuses)
Bones containing air 1-They decrease weight of the
skull
2-Warming of inspired air
3-Resonance of voice
irregular Vertebrae Like short bones Muscle and ligaments attachments
Sesamoid Patella Small nodules of bones which
are embeded in some muscle
tendons near their origin or
insertion
Diminish the friction between the
tendons and the underlying bones
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C. Classification of bones
According to the process of ossification
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Intra-cartilagenousIntra-membranous
According to the process of ossification
=(the process of bone formation)
connective tissue membrane (mesenchyme)
Bones
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Intra-membranous
ossification
According to the process of ossification
The connective tissue membrane
cartilage
Bone
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Intra-Cartilagenous
ossification
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