Donohue Timothy 11100338 Glaucoma Presentation

7/29/2019 Donohue Timothy 11100338 Glaucoma Presentation

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Glaucoma

Timmy Donohue


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History of the Disease

The disease has been known for centuries dating back to

the ancient Greek civilization

The Greek philosopher Hippocrates describe how

blindness often occurred in more elderly people, whichhe called glaucosis


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History of the Disease

Despite its discover many centuries prior, scientists were

only able to understand and identify the disease in 1851

through the invention of the Ophthalmoscope by

Hermann Von Helmholtz


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What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is the term used to describe a network of

vision related disease that result from damage to the

optic nerve that causes vision loss and even blindness


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What is Glaucoma

Two of the most common types of glaucoma include:

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Primary Angle

Closure Glaucoma

Despite their different names, they are almost identicalin their causes and symptoms

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma


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Causes of Glaucoma

Glaucoma is often attributed to an increase in the

intraocular pressure in the eyes

The normal IOP for humans is 14-16 mmHg

Whereas, in people with glaucoma, the average is at 22mmHg


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Causes of Glaucoma

This buildup of pressure can be the result of many

environmental stresses including: sleep apnea, darkness andemotional stress

However, the development of the disease is more commonly

attributed to old age and the inability of certain parts of theeye to function


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Causes of Glaucoma

Contemporary research has

shown that there might be a

genetic defect that can cause

glaucoma

In patients with primary

open angle glaucoma,

changes in the DNA

sequence at genes includingCaveolin 1 and 2, as well as

deletions in DNA at genes

including TBK1

Alteration of the serine protein was found to cause glaucoma

in mice


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Causes of Glaucoma

Despite their discovery of the genetic

mutations found in many different types of

glaucoma, scientists are still attempting to

discover their significance


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Symptoms of Glaucoma

In Open angle glaucoma, there are no

noticeable symptoms until severe vision loss

after the pressure in the eye has accumulated

over time


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In closed angle glaucoma, the most common

symptoms include: hazy or blurred vision,

severe eye and head pain, nausea or vomiting,

and sight loss


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As glaucoma can result in vision loss, it is very hard for

the person with the disease to perform daily activities, as

they cannot see very well, if at all

Also, this disease may be very hard on the patients familyas they have to care for them, as they have a hard time

seeing things


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Identification of the Disease

In closed angle glaucoma, the disease is nearly

impossible to notice, as the effects of the disease dont

kick in until many years after the disease is contracted

However, if one were to visit an eye doctor, the doctorwould be able to notice that they have glaucoma


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In all other types of glaucoma, the disease is easily

identified, as the symptoms are visible very early in the

development of the disease


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Scientists have also found that certain types Glaucoma

are hereditary

If a persons parents were to have had glaucoma, that

person would be 9 times more likely to contract thedisease


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Treatments for Glaucoma

Common treatments for glaucoma include eye drops,

pills, and laser surgery

These treatments are all more effective early on in the

diseases development as vision loss is irreversible


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Bioethical Considerations

One of the main ethical concerns regarding Glaucoma

lies in the question: to treat or not to treat?

As there is incomplete knowledge regarding the

diagnosis and management of the disease in patients,many of them receive the incorrect treatment, which can

cause great harm to their vision

Therefore, scientists are attempting to get a better

understanding to try and avoid these confusions


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The EndWorks Cited

Fazio, Doreen. "What Are the Symptoms of Glaucoma?" Glaucoma Research Foundation. N.p., 24Apr. 2012. Web. 28 Feb. 2013.

The Glaucoma Foundation. "PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA (POAG)." Primary Open-Angle

Glaucoma (POAG). The Glaucoma Foundation, 2013. Web. 28 Feb. 2013.

The Glaucoma Foundation. "TREATING GLAUCOMA." How Glaucoma Is Treated. The Glaucoma

Foundation, 2013. Web. 28 Feb. 2013.

Simon, Harvey. "Related Content." Glaucoma. University of Maryland, 23 June 2009. Web. 28 Feb.

2013. Unknown. "Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Libraryof Medicine, n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2013.

Donohue Timothy 11100338 Glaucoma Presentation

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