Dimensions of Polarization in Turkey - Bilgi · Dimensions of Polarization in Turkey-2017...

Dimensions of Polarization in Turkey-2017

Dimensions of Polarization in Turkey

February 6th, 2018, Ankara


Method and the Field

• November 17- December 20, 2017

• F2F interviews with 2004 people (18+ population of Turkey from 16 cities in ruraland urban regions)

• Under the assumption of SRS, margin of error is +/-3%

• Survey conducted by Infakto RW

• 4 Focus groups in Istanbul- supporters of political parties (AKP, CHP, HDP and MHP-each separately)

• Funded by the Black Sea Trust for Regional Cooperation - a project of theGerman Marshall Fund


DemographyGender Male 48.9%

Female 51.1%Age 18- 29 29.3%

30- 45 37.0%46- 87 33.7%

Settlement Urban 87.0%Rural 13.0%

Education Primary school and lower

33.3%

Secondary education

51.4%

Higher education

15.2%

Employment status Employed 54.9%Housewife 27.0%Retired 6.3%Student 7.5%Unemployed 4.3%


IdeologicalConsistency:

Variation of values in aconsistent way

Perceived IdeologicalPolarization:

Perceiving othergroups ‘more distant’than they really are

Ideological Diversity:

Intersection of values

Emotional Polarization:

Negative feelings andnegative attributes to

other groups


Political Distance among Political Parties through the Eyes of Political Party Supporters


Which Political Party do you Feel Close?

43,4%

21,5%

9,3%

11,5%

4,4%

1,5%

8,5%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

AK Party

CHP

HDP

MHP

IYI Party

Other

Do not know/No answer


Demography of Political Party Supporters

AK Party CHP HDP MHP IYI Party

Gender Male 48.3% 44.0% 55.7% 56.1% 56.2%

Female 51.7% 56.0% 44.3% 43.9% 43.8%

Age 18- 29 26.7% 27.5% 27.0% 36.1% 41.8%

30- 45 37.0% 36.2% 40.6% 39.4% 34.0%

46- 87 36.3% 36.3% 32.4% 24.5% 24.2%

Settlement Urban 83.9% 92.1% 83.3% 89.3% 88.2%

Rural 16.1% 7.9% 16.7% 10.7% 11.8%

Education Primary school and

lower

41.3% 23.7% 49.7% 21.2% 20.0%

Secondary education 49.0% 53.5% 38.5% 60.7% 55.1%

Higher education 9.7% 22.7% 11.8% 18.1% 24.8%

Employment status Employed 49.2% 57.3% 67.7% 59.8% 53.2%

Housewife 32.7% 23.0% 22.8% 21.6% 26.2%

Retired 7.9% 6.9% 0.0% 2.8% 7.9%

Student 6.6% 7.8% 3.9% 11.9% 7.4%

Looking for a job 3.6% 5.0% 5.6% 3.9% 5.4%


‘The Most Distant’ Political Party Supporters :

52,7%

23,9%

12,9%

8,3%

2,1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

HDP

AK Party

CHP

MHP

IYI Party

2017

Sayfa 8


‘The Most Distant’ Political Party Supporters2017-2015 Comparison

52,7%

23,9%

12,9%

8,3%

2,1%

54,5%

27,7%

8,5%

9,6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

HDP

AK Party

CHP

MHP

IYI Party

2017 2015


Political Parties – ‘The Most Distant’ Political PartySupporters


Concepts

Social Distance: to measure people's willingness to participate in social contacts of varying degrees of closeness with members of diverse social groups (Bogardus, 1925)

Moral Superiority: with the belief or attitude that one's positions/actions are justified by having higher moral values than ‘others’ and therefore negative attributionsfrequently used to reveal intergroup affinity, prejudiceand stereotypes towards ‘other’groups (Fiske and North, 2015)

Political Tolerance: assessments concerning politicalrights of participants of the group seen as the ‘other’(Gibson, 2006)


Social Distance with ‘the Most Distant’ PoliticalParty Supporters

69,6%

68,4%

78,7%

73,7%

29,4%

30,6%

19,8%

25,3%

%0 %20 %40 %60 %80 %100

As neighbors

Your children being friends with that political party's supporters'

children

Your daughter getting married with one of that political party's

supporters

Doing business with one of that political party's supporters

I would not like I would like


About Supporters of the Other Political Party

“Ignorant people, they have blinders on their eyes, they do not see what ishappening around them. They blindly worship him, only him…”

“Our people are not reading and, do not misunderstand me, but I think that most ofAKP supporters are ignorant, it is very obvious and clear.”

“You are a modern person, you’re financially better off, because they want a gapbetween them and ‘others’. They consider themselves as privileged. We all live inTurkey, true. Do they know what being leftist means? Doesn’t it mean all citizensliving in equal conditions? But they think being leftist is being privileged.”


Moral Superiority‘The Most Distant’Political Party Supporters

91,5%

90,7%

90,4%

83,7%

82,5%

82,4%

1,4%

1,7%

2,4%

3,0%

4,0%

4,1%

2,7%

1,7%

2,0%

4,2%

4,2%

4,1%

85,7%

83,2%

84,1%

72,8%

79,9%

83,8%

2,0%

3,4%

2,9%

6,9%

4,8%

6,8%

0,7%

0,8%

1,2%

1,1%

3,4%

1,7%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Working for the benefit of the country

Patriotic

Honourable

Smart

Generous

Open-minded

Posing threat to the country

Cruel

Two-faced

Bigoted

Arrogant

Selfish

Political party supporters that I feel close Political party supporters that I feel distant Relevant for both


Political Tolerance‘The Most Distant’ Political Party Supporters

42,7%

44,0%

46,4%

40,8%

37,6%

30,6%

23,1%

19,0%

20,2%

23,2%

21,8%

15,5%

31,6%

34,3%

30,6%

33,1%

37,7%

50,0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

[This group] should be able to make a press release in the place/city I live.

[This group] should be able to hold a meeting in the place/city I live.

[This group] should be able to make demonstrations in the place/city I

live.

[This group] should be able to receive education which respond to their

needs in the place/city I live.

Members of this group should be able to be nominated in the elections

for political duties such as deputyship or mayorship.

Phones of the members of this group may be listened and recorded for

security reasons if necessary.

I do not agree Neither agree nor disagree I agree


Identities and Political Parties


Using ‘us/we’ when Mentioning about the People in the Groups Indicated Below:

Sayfa 17

c

90,9%

75,9%

61,9%

55,9%

55,7%

50,2%

43,5%

42,7%

41,4%

38,3%

37,7%

28,9%

24,8%

19,5%

14,4%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

My family

Turkish people

People living in the city I live

Religious people

Educated people

Ataturkists

Nationalists

Modern people

Secular people

Conservative people

Kurdish people

Ülkücüler

Alawites

Gezi Protest supporters

Minority groups


The Identity Felt Most Close (One answer)

29,6%

16,5%

12,8%

9,5%

6,2%

5,6%

5,5%

3,2%

1,7%

1,7%

1,5%

0,5%

0,1%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Turkish people

Ataturkists

Religious people

Kurdish people

Nationalists

Conservative people

Educated people

Modern people

Secular people

Ülkücüler

Alawites


Minority groups


Political Party Supporters and Identities(Correspondence Map)

Turkish people

Ataturkists

Religious people

Kurdish people

Nationalists

Conservative people

Educated people

Modern people

Secular people

Ülkücüler

Alawites


Minority groups

AK Party

CHP

HDP

MHP

IYI Party


Perception of Identities: Group Superiority(Rate of the Participants)

51,3%

49,6%

44,5%

44,0%

43,9%

42,0%

41,1%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

The government respects people in my group as much as it

respects other people.

Other people in Turkey emulates the people in my group.

My group is financially better off.

People in my group have better job opportunities.

In the last five years people in my group has become more

influential.

In the last five years financial situation of people in my group has

become better compared to other people.

People in my group do not have power in Turkey.


Political Parties and Group Superiority

AKP; 69,4%

AKP; 57,3%AKP; 53,6% AKP; 51,5%

AKP; 55,4%AKP; 51,5%

AKP; 35,8%CHP; 27,3%

CHP; 44,2%

CHP; 33,3% CHP; 33,0%CHP; 27,1%

CHP; 29,4%

CHP; 43,8%

HDP; 34,8%

HDP; 26,1% HDP; 27,5% HDP; 25,9%HDP; 25,4%

HDP; 31,3%

HDP; 56,5%MHP; 59,8%

MHP; 57,6%

MHP; 52,5%

MHP; 55,3%MHP; 57,0%

MHP; 47,2%

MHP; 41,0%İYİ Party; 35,1%

İYİ Party; 38,2% İYİ Party; 39,6% İYİ Party; 38,7% İYİ Party; 36,4% İYİ Party; 35,4%

İYİ Party; 44,7%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

The government

respects people in

my group as much

as it respects other

people.

Other people in

Turkey emulates the

people in my group.

My group is

financially better off.

People in my group

have better job

opportunities.

In the last five years

people in my group

has become more

influential.

In the last five years

financial situation of

people in my group

has become better

compared to other

people.

People in my group

do not have power

in Turkey.


Group Exclusion

12,5%

9,8%

11,0%

13,5%

8,4%

8,6%

9,8%

71,1%

77,5%

67,8%

67,8%

78,5%

75,9%

81,0%

15,6%

11,9%

16,6%

16,2%

8,8%

9,4%

7,9%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Government offices

Hospitals

Police stations

Job applications

Luxury stores

Universities

Streets

Treated more privileged Treated equally Treated worse


Group Exclusion and Political Party Supporters(Rate of «Treated Worse» answers)

AKP; 6,0%AKP; 8,1%

AKP; 6,6% AKP; 6,1% AKP; 5,9%

AKP; 9,0%

AKP; 4,4%

CHP; 27,3%CHP; 25,0%

CHP; 27,9%

CHP; 17,9%

CHP; 14,8%

CHP; 9,4% CHP; 12,2%

HDP; 42,5%

HDP; 31,2%

HDP; 35,1%

HDP; 29,3%

HDP; 17,5%

HDP; 14,2%HDP; 17,2%

MHP; 10,4%MHP; 12,7%

MHP; 8,7% MHP; 6,2%

MHP; 4,7%MHP; 5,5%

MHP; 3,8%

İYİ Party; 21,4% İYİ Party; 20,9%

İYİ Party; 13,2%

İYİ Party; 18,6%

İYİ Party; 8,3%

İYİ Party; 5,4%

İYİ Party; 6,9%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Police stations Job applications Government

offices

Hospitals Universities Luxury stores Streets


“Echo Chambers”“Spiral of Silence”


Discussing Politics with Family and Close Circle

“We quarrel with my brother, he is supporting MHP. Wequarrel a lot, sometimes we do not talk to each other for awhile. But then we agreed not to talk politics, otherwise wewill loose our brotherhood. ”

“I cannot talk with AKP supporters. I have lost a lot of friendsafter the last election. They are ex-friends, we are notseeing each other anymore.”


Close Circle

Political Discussions-Close circle…

2,3%

22,5%

55,1%

16,7%

%0 %20 %40 %60 %80 %100

Never

Sometimes

Often

Always

Agreement within the Close Circle

41,1%

39,3%

12,6%

2,9%

%0 %20 %40 %60 %80 %100

Never

Sometimes

Often

Always

Disagreement within the Close Circle


«Would you discuss ‘state of emergency’?»

63,9%

57,1%

45,1%

36,3%

26,7%

23,8%

34,6%

40,7%

52,6%

54,2%

60,0%

54,8%

1,5%

2,2%

2,3%

9,5%

13,4%

21,3%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

During dinner with family at home

When dining out with friends

In a neighborhood meeting

In your workplace/School

On Facebook

On Twitter

I would participate I would not participate Do not know/No answer


“Are the below listed people agree with your ideas on state of emergency?»

87,0%

81,2%

84,6%

62,9%

58,9%

56,9%

52,8%

13,0%

18,8%

15,4%

37,1%

41,1%

43,1%

47,2%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Your spouse [If single] Girl friend/ Boy friend

Your close friends

Your family

Friends in your work place/school

Neigbors in your neighborhood

Friends on Facebook

People you follow on Twitter

Agree Disagree


Information Sources for Political Issues(Sum of «Always» and «Often» answers)

79,9%

56,3%

52,5%

39,8%

31,1%

21,2%

11,8%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Television

Conversation with friends

Smart phone

News sites on the Internet

Facebook and Twitter

Newspaper

Radio


Partial Impartial Media

“Yes, all of us are following social media. Comparatively channels such as CNN Türk,Haber Türk are better but main channels such as ATV, never. Sometimes I watchand it is so obvious that these channels are not impartial. A Haber, Beyaz TV,especially after 15th July I observed it. There were extremely nonsense things onthese channels. Yes, Fox is impartial, they frankly tell what happens. It is not this orthat, there is no sign for supporting a particular political party. Well there is at least adiscussion on pros and cons, there is a real discussion.”

“They are always discrediting. For example after coup attempt, let us listen them. Ifa stranger had come to our country and listened, he/she would be surprised bywhat they are saying. When you watch A Haber, quite the contrary, they tell whatreally happened. I was out there in the coup attempt night. I have seen all those. Sowhat I have seen on A Haber was true because I have witnessed those incidents.”


News Report (Correspondence Map)TV Preferences and Political Party Supporters

ATV prime news

Kanal D prime news

Star TV prime news

Show TV prime news

Fox TV prime news

Kanal 7 prime news

TRT prime news

CNN Türk

NTV

Haber Türk TV

A Haber

Kanal 24

Halk TV

AK PartyCHP

HDPMHP

IYI Party


Newspaper Preferences and Party Supporters(Correspondence Map)

Posta

Sözcü

Hürriyet

Sabah

Habertürk

Star

MilliyetYeni Şafak

Cumhuriyet

Birgün

Yeniçağ

Karar

Türkiye

AK PartyCHP

HDP

MHP

IYI Party


Impartiality of Information Sources and Political PartySupporters (Correspondence Map)

Hürriyet

Karar

YeniçağSözcü

Sabah

Cumhuriyet

Fox TV

A Haber

TRT 1

Halk TV

CNN Türk AK PartyCHP

HDP

MHPIYI Party


Social Media Channels and Political Discussions

33,8%

15,5%

31,8%

49,6%

58,6%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Ratio of Twitter account

ownership

I frequently use Twitter to share

my political opinions

I sometimes use Twitter to share

my political opinion

I do not use Twitter to share my

political opinions

Political opinions of the people I

follow on Twitter are similar to

my opinions

86,4%

7,4%

33,8%

56,3%

63,3%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Yes I have

I frequently use Facebook to

share my political opinions

I sometimes use Facebook to

share my political opinion

I do not use Facebook to share

my political opinions

Political opinions of the people

I follow on Facebook are

similar to my opinions


Political Culture


Attendance to demonstrations after July15 and Gezi Protests and Political Party Supporters(Rate of “I did” answers)

43,1%

7,1% 8,1%

30,5%

9,4%

1,7%

11,5% 12,4%

2,9% 3,1%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

AK Party CHP HDP MHP IYI Party

Attending protests after July 15 Attending Gezi Protests


Having Confidence in Institutions(Rate of «definitely trust» + «trust» answers)

74,2%

57,2%

56,6%

56,0%

52,2%

52,1%

50,5%

49,7%

34,7%

18,3%

15,0%

14,4%

13,4%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Military

Presidency

Universities

Government

Courts

Directorate of Religious Affairs

Parliament

Municipalities

Political parties

Media institutions

European Union

United Nations

NATO


Having Confidence in Institutions and Political PartySupporters (% of Participants who have confidence in …)

AKP; 88,9%

AKP; 92,9%

AKP; 68,7%

AKP; 91,3%

AKP; 76,2% AKP; 77,8% AKP; 76,2%AKP; 72,1%

AKP; 47,8%

CHP; 53,3%

CHP; 9,3%

CHP; 40,3%

CHP; 10,1%

CHP; 21,1%

CHP; 12,6%

CHP; 18,2%

CHP; 28,2%

CHP; 16,7%

HDP; 62,7%

HDP; 41,5%

HDP; 50,3%

HDP; 42,6% HDP; 43,6% HDP; 42,5%HDP; 39,9%

HDP; 21,3%HDP; 24,4%

MHP; 86,8%

MHP; 53,9%

MHP; 60,5%

MHP; 52,9% MHP; 54,1%

MHP; 61,6%

MHP; 47,7%MHP; 51,8%

MHP; 39,9%

IYI Party; 60,5%

IYI Party; 13,7%

IYI Party; 55,9%

IYI Party; 12,7% IYI Party; 16,3% IYI Party; 17,7%IYI Party; 18,2% IYI Party; 18,0%

IYI Party; 14,7%

Army Presidency Universities Government Courts Directorate

of Religious

Affairs

Parliament Municipalities Political

Parties


Political Leader’s Rating (Average over 10)

5,6

4,4

3,6

3,0

2,2

1,4

0 2 4 6 8 10

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

Binali Yıldırım

Devlet Bahçeli

Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu

Meral Akşener

Selahattin Demirtaş


Political Leaders' Ratings and Political Party Supporters (over 10)

AKP; 9,1

AKP; 7,3

AKP; 1,1

AKP; 4,5

AK Parti; 0,5

AKP; 1,2CHP; 1,1 CHP; 0,9

CHP; 7,7

CHP; 1,0CHP; 1,2

CHP; 2,8

HDP; 1,6

HDP; 1,0

HDP; 2,4

HDP; 0,6

HDP; 8,2

HDP; 1,8

MHP; 5,3

MHP; 3,9

MHP; 1,6

MHP; 7,7

MHP; 0,5

MHP; 2,7

IYI Party; 1,5

IYI Party; 0,9

IYI Party; 3,3

IYI Party; 1,6

IYI Party; 0,6

IYI Party; 7,9

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Binali Yıldırım Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu Devlet Bahçeli Selahattin Demirtaş Meral Akşener


Political Memory: Events that Cause Ruptures in theSociety (Two Answers, %)

42,4%

34,9%

27,1%

25,1%

12,8%

10,0%

5,3%

5,3%

3,5%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

15 July coup attempt

Kurdish Issue

Gezi protests

17-25 December corruption allegations

1980 coup

Balyoz/Ergenekon Trials

1960 coup

28 February coup

Establishment of the Republic


Events that Cause Rupture in the Society and PartySupporters (Correspondence Map)

15 July coup attempt

Kurdish Issue

Gezi protests

17-25 December

Corruption Investigation

1980 coup

Balyoz/Ergenekon Trials

1960 coup

28 February coup

Establishment of the Republic

AKP

CHP

HDP

MHP

İYİ Party


Future Anxieties(% “concerns me very much” and “somewhat concerns me” answers)

89,0%

88,2%

84,5%

82,0%

81,0%

75,2%

72,4%

62,0%

59,3%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Terror attacks

Economic crisis

Going to a war against neighboring countries

Turkey being divided

Unemployment

Restrictions on freedom of expression

Another coup attempt similar to 15 July

Restrictions on religious freedoms

Being ruled by Sheriah


Future Anxieties and Party Supporters(Correspondence Map)

Terror attacks

Economic crisis

Going to a war against our

neighboring countries

Turkey being divided

Unemployment

Restrictions on freedom of

expression

Another coup attempt similar to 15

July

Restrictions on religious freedoms

Being ruled by Sharia

AKPCHP

HDP

MHPIYI Party


Assessment of Life and Economics

48,4%

35,3%

34,5%

33,1%

29,6%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Our country is in good direction

Situation of our country is now better

Situation of our country will become better

Situation of our family is now better

Situation of our family will become better


Assessment of Life and Political Party Supporters

AK Parti; %79,5

AK Parti; %63,5 AK Parti; %63,1

AK Parti; %57,4AK Parti; %52,6

CHP; %10,6CHP; %6,5 CHP; %5,7 CHP; %5,9

CHP; %5,7

HDP; %22,9

HDP; %13,1 HDP; %14,0

HDP; %22,4

HDP; %16,8

MHP; %48,3

MHP; %29,4 MHP; %28,0MHP; %25,9

MHP; %20,7

İYİ Parti; 15,1%

İYİ Parti; 6,0% İYİ Parti; 4,1% İYİ Parti; 5,2%

İYİ Parti; 8,6%

Our country is in good

direction

Situation of our country is

now better

Situation of our country

will become better

Situation of our family is

now better

Situation of our family will

become better


Most Important Problems of Turkey (Two answers)

51,0%

36,8%

24,9%

11,6%

10,0%

9,1%

7,7%

7,1%

6,6%

4,8%

2,9%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Economy-Unemployment

Security-Terror

Economy-Inflation/Increase in Prices

Economy-Poverty

Education

Syrian refugees

Political instability

Fethullah Gulen and his supporters

Corruption

South Eastern problem (“Kurdish Problem”)

Judicial system


Party Supporters and Most Important Problems of the Country (Correspondence Map)

Economy-Unemployment

Security-Terror

Economy-Inflation-Increase in

prices

Economy-Poverty

Education

Syrian Refugees

Political instability

Fethullah Gulen and his

supporters

Corruption

South Eastern problem

(«Kurdish Problem»)

Judicial System

AK Party

CHP

HDP

MHP

IYI Party


Opinion Cleavages


Perceptions on how Turkey is governed and PartySupporters

75,2%

6,3%

29,8%

46,2%

11,9%

18,2%

90,5%

67,5%

45,9%

82,4%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

AKP

CHP

HDP

MHP

İYİ Party

If the government and the ruling party had not been interfered by the opposition, our country would have been in a better situation.

If the government and the ruling party had listened to the opposition more often, our country would have been in a better situation.


Perceptions on Gezi Protests and Party Supporters

10,1%

84,0%

64,0%

25,6%

65,2%

81,0%

9,9%

28,0%

66,8%

25,8%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

AKP

CHP

HDP

MHP

İYİ Party

Gezi protests are peaceful expressions that bring many citizens together who react to certain policies of the government

Gezi protests are initiated by foreign powers who aim to subvert and destroy AKP government for their own interests


Perceptions on Presidential System and PartySupporters

84,2%

5,2%

21,6%

46,5%

15,7%

10,2%

88,3%

71,3%

34,8%

78,9%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

AKP

CHP

HDP

MHP

İYİ Party

Presidential system will provide a better future for our country. Presidential system will worsen the conditions in our country.


Perceptions on How Elections are Conducted in Turkey andParty Supporters(Percentage of Those Agree)

79,8%

15,4%

20,0%

49,1%

7,5%

48,0%

81,9%

15,4%

23,8%

53,0%

10,7%

50,1%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

AKP

CHP

HDP

MHP

İYİ Party

General

Elections are fairly conducted in Turkey. My views are reflected in the country's regime.


Values...

45,2%

49,5%

44,3%

41,5%

51,9%

49,2%

49,7%

55,0%

55,2%

46,0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Religious lessons should be mandatory in primary and middle

school

If people cannot find jobs, men should be given priority over

women in employment

Children are harmed when their mother work

Religion is right even when it contradicts science

If a person is religious, he/she is moral

I disagree I agree


Values and Party Supporters(Rate of Those Who Agree)

AKP; 74,3%

AKP; 61,1%AKP; 66,0%

AKP; 73,8%

AKP; 65,8%

CHP; 13,6%

CHP; 26,4%

CHP; 33,8%

CHP; 21,2%

CHP; 15,5%

HDP; 29,8%

HDP; 53,8%

HDP; 59,5%

HDP; 53,5%

HDP; 43,7%

MHP; 52,9%MHP; 55,2% MHP; 55,5%

MHP; 62,3%

MHP; 50,9%

İYİ Party; 35,39% İYİ Party; 36,76%

İYİ Party; 48,60%

İYİ Party; 40,25%

İYİ Party; 17,28%

Religious lessons should

be mandatory in primary

and middle school

If people cannot find

jobs, men should be

given priority over

women in employment

Children are harmed

when their mother work

Religion is right even

when it contradicts

science

If a person is religious,

he/she is moral


Commonalities


The Most Important Ally and Biggest Threat

28,4%

12,1%

20,4%

54,3%

14,0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Azerbaijan Russia No one USA Israel

Turkey's most important ally Biggest threat for Turkey


Most Important Ally and Biggest Threat

32,8%

12,8%15,9%

56,8%

16,1%

29,3%

13,5%

24,9%

54,5%

13,4%12,2%9,7%

23,5%

45,9%

10,7%

36,7%

14,6% 12,9%

53,3%

15,8%18,2%

8,4%

24,1%

52,1%

6,8%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Azerbaijan Russia No one USA Israel

Turkey's most important ally Biggest Threat for Turkey

AKP CHP HDP MHP İYİ Party


The Sèvres Syndrome:

%87,6

%87,5

%77,3

%73,2

%77,6

%74,0

%0 %20 %40 %60 %80 %100

Similar to how the Ottoman Empire was divided in the past, European

states now want to divide and conquer Turkey.

Europe has helped separatist terrorist organizations, such as PKK, in Turkey.

The reforms to become a member of the European Union are similar to

the capitulations.

Reforms that the European Union demands from Turkey are similar to

those required in the Treaty of Sevres in the past.

The Crusade spirit underlies European's attitudes toward Turkey.

Westernization efforts in Turkey failed to go beyond imitating the West.


The Sèvres Syndrome and Party Supporters(Out of 4)

3,5

3,4

3,1

3,6

3,7

1 2 3 4

AKP

CHP

HDP

MHP

İYİ Party


Perceptions on Turkey-EU Relations

30,3%

39,0%

48,9%

19,8%

29,8%

32,9%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

AKP

CHP

HDP

MHP

İYİ Party

Total

I would vote "yes" in a EU Membership Referendum


Who is responsible for the tension between Turkey-EU before the Referendum?

6,1%

31,6%

28,0%

9,6%

26,3%

11,3%

38,4%

34,2%

27,1%

49,8%

72,0%

20,0%

31,2%

50,9%

18,2%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

AKP

CHP

HDP

MHP

İYİ Party

Turkey Both European countries


Should the Syrians be sent back to their country? (Rate of «Yes» answer)

83,2%

92,8%

75,9%

88,9%

94,9%

86,2%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

AKP

CHP

HDP

MHP

İYİ Party

General

All the Syrians should be sent back to their country when the war is over.


Thank you and Questions…[email protected]

Dimensions of Polarization in Turkey - Bilgi · Dimensions of Polarization in Turkey-2017...

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