Digital Government & Digital Government & Development: Issues Development: Issues

for Research and Policy for Research and Policy

Anthony M. CresswellAnthony M. Cresswell

Center for Technology in Center for Technology in GovernmentGovernment

University at AlbanyUniversity at Albany

Growing Links: Growing Links: Government, Technology, Government, Technology,

Development Development

World Bank Development World Bank Development Gateway Gateway (www.developmentgateway.org)(www.developmentgateway.org)

OECDOECD (OLIS net, Communications Outlook) (OLIS net, Communications Outlook)

European Union European Union (europa.eu.int)(europa.eu.int)

US Federal Government US Federal Government (www.doc.gov/eda/)(www.doc.gov/eda/)

US States US States (www.doc.gov/eda/html/2e1_statelinks.htm)(www.doc.gov/eda/html/2e1_statelinks.htm)

Lack of Consistent Lack of Consistent Strategies or ModelsStrategies or Models

Approaches to the PuzzleApproaches to the Puzzle

Understanding the domain of Understanding the domain of Digital GovernmentDigital Government

Understanding the Understanding the components of Digital components of Digital GovernmentGovernment

Examining the links between Examining the links between Digital Government and Digital Government and developmentdevelopment

Policy

Management Technology

Domain of Digital Domain of Digital GovernmentGovernment

Policy DomainPolicy Domain

law, economics, demographics, culture, politics,societal & program goals, stakeholders, constituencies

Management DomainManagement Domain

organizational structure, human resources, funding, change processes, business processes, decision processes,information flows

Technology DomainTechnology Domain

computing, collaboration & networking tools for information collection, processing, storage, sharing, analysis, integration, and knowledge management

Policy

Domain of Digital Domain of Digital GovernmentGovernment

Policy

Management

Domain of Digital Domain of Digital GovernmentGovernment

Domain of Digital Domain of Digital GovernmentGovernment

Policy

Management Technology

Competing Views of Digital Competing Views of Digital GovernmentGovernment

Application of Application of advancedadvanced technologytechnology

vs.vs.

AdvancedAdvanced applicationapplication of of technologytechnology

Components of Digital Components of Digital GovernmentGovernment

E-services

E-commerce E-democracy

E-management

E-servicesE-services

24 x 724 x 7 self-serviceself-service more responsivemore responsive more customizedmore customized organized by organized by

need, not need, not organization chartorganization chart

E-services:E-services:@ccess Washington@ccess Washington

E-commerceE-commerce

government to government to businessbusiness

citizens to citizens to governmentgovernment

government & government & businessbusiness

nonprofit contractingnonprofit contracting electronic catalogselectronic catalogs procurement cardsprocurement cards e-malle-mall

E-commerce: IRS e-fileE-commerce: IRS e-file

e fileIRSS

E-democracyE-democracy electronic votingelectronic voting virtual town virtual town

meetingsmeetings cyber campaignscyber campaigns constituency servicesconstituency services cyber pollscyber polls electronic access to electronic access to

infoinfo community forumscommunity forums

E-democracy:E-democracy:Santa Monica PENSanta Monica PEN

E-managementE-management virtual virtual

organizationsorganizations knowledge knowledge

networksnetworks electronic recordselectronic records digital librariesdigital libraries data management data management

& analysis& analysis

E-management:E-management:NYC CompstatNYC Compstat

What Roles can What Roles can Government Play in Government Play in

Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development??

MarketerMarketer FacilitatorFacilitator FinancierFinancier Investor/EntrepreneurInvestor/Entrepreneur RegulatorRegulator

Marketing to DevelopersMarketing to Developers

Advertising business opportunities Advertising business opportunities & advantages& advantages

Providing information resourcesProviding information resources Publicizing human resourcesPublicizing human resources Publicizing quality of lifePublicizing quality of life

Facilitating DevelopmentFacilitating Development

Building e-commerce with Building e-commerce with governmentgovernment

Creating partnerships & Creating partnerships & brokering collaborationbrokering collaboration

Providing decision support and Providing decision support and analysisanalysis

Job trainingJob training

San Carlos, CA Virtual Development Tour

San Carlos, CA Virtual Development Tour

Financing and Providing Financing and Providing IncentivesIncentives

Tax incentives and concessionsTax incentives and concessions Economic development zonesEconomic development zones Utility regulationUtility regulation Favorable tax policies and Favorable tax policies and

levelslevels

Home of the Rural Empowerment Zone and Enterprise Community Program

Direct InvestmentDirect Investment

Building out infrastructureBuilding out infrastructure Building public facilitiesBuilding public facilities Grants and development Grants and development

projectsprojects Support for R&D, educationSupport for R&D, education

European Union Development Programs

RegulationRegulation

ZoningZoning PermittingPermitting PlanningPlanning Information Policies (FOIA, Information Policies (FOIA,

privacy, public privacy, public access/ownership)access/ownership)

Redmond, WA Comprehensive Plan

Research & Policy IssuesResearch & Policy Issues

What is the best role for What is the best role for government v. the private and government v. the private and non-government sectors?non-government sectors?

How to deal with limited access How to deal with limited access and resources: the digital divide?and resources: the digital divide?

Why so few success stories?Why so few success stories?

The Digital Divide: A Global Issue

What Role for Private and Non-Government Agencies?

Why so few digital Why so few digital government success government success

stories?stories?

Technology is necessary but not sufficientTechnology is necessary but not sufficient We still need the rightWe still need the right

– leadershipleadership– management strategiesmanagement strategies– organizational structuresorganizational structures– cross-boundary relationshipscross-boundary relationships– financing mechanismsfinancing mechanisms– policiespolicies– public acceptancepublic acceptance

Barriers to a Digital Barriers to a Digital GovernmentGovernment

“ “ Many of the barriers to realizing Many of the barriers to realizing the benefits of IT are not technical, the benefits of IT are not technical, but rather occur when social, but rather occur when social, political, or legal issues arise as political, or legal issues arise as attempts are made to deploy and attempts are made to deploy and adopt the IT and its applications.”adopt the IT and its applications.”

- PITAC Interim Report, August 1998- PITAC Interim Report, August 1998

Other observationsOther observations

““In the on-line world, political boundaries are In the on-line world, political boundaries are largely irrelevant.” largely irrelevant.” GoverningGoverning

““Technology is not the issue. . .it’s building a Technology is not the issue. . .it’s building a sense of community & governance.” Gary sense of community & governance.” Gary Lambert, leader of multi-state e-mallLambert, leader of multi-state e-mall

““Government organizations represent almost Government organizations represent almost stunning diversity.” CTG state-local projectstunning diversity.” CTG state-local project

Center for Technology in Center for Technology in GovernmentGovernment

www.ctg.albany.eduwww.ctg.albany.edu

info@ctg.albany.eduinfo@ctg.albany.edu