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Introduction

Chapter 1

Dental MaterialsDAE/DHE 203

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Enthusiasm for the Subject!!

Student BEFOREDental Materials class

What other topic could be so much to look forward to??

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Introduction The Science of Dental Materials

Its importance to our studies

History of Dental Materials

Characteristics of Ideal Dental Materials

Quality Assurance Programs Identification of Restorations

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The Science of Dental Materials:

Development & evaluation of materials

Characteristics of the material

Safety and Health

Effectiveness and Duration

Dynamic field in dentistry

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The Science of Dental Materials:

Why are we studying this field?

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History of Dental Materials: Dating as early as 500 B.C. - present

Metalsgold

Plaster and wax models Prosthetics of bone, ivory, wax, metals

Porcelainslate 1700s

Amalgamearly 1800sAcrylics1940s

Adhesive dentistry1970s - present

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The Oral Environment:

What characteristics of the oral

environment potentially challenge andplace demands upon dental materials?

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Characteristics of Ideal

Materials: Minimal conduction

Insulates against thermal/electrical change

Esthetic Looks like oral tissue

Easy to manipulate Minimal/reasonable effort & time needed

Adheres to tissues Retains onto, and seals, tooth structure

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Characteristics of Ideal

Materials:

Tasteless and Odorless

Not unpleasant to patient Cleanable/Repairable

Easily maintained or fixed

Cost-effectiveAffordability vs. benefits/disadvantages

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Quality Assurance: Food & Drug Administration(FDA)

Ensures safety & efficacy of material/device

American Dental Association(ADA)

Council on Scientific Affairs establishes standards andspecifications

ADA seal of acceptance Clinical studieswhen there are no standards

International Standards Organization (ISO)

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Identification of Restorations:

Dental Restoration

Restores function & appearance of oralstructure lost by pathology, injury, or iscongenitally missing

Examples:

Pathologycaries: filling

Injurybroken tooth: crown

Congenitally Missing: prosthetic (i.e. bridge)

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Identification of Restorations: Direct Restoration

A restoration that is created and placed

directly intothe prep site of the tooth(i.e. amalgam filling, composite filling)

Indirect Restoration

A restoration that is created outside of themouth on a model of the prepped toothand later fixed into the mouth(i.e. gold crown, denture)

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Direct Fillings: Usually made of

amalgam (silvermetal) or composite(acrylic) materials

For caries of various

degrees; anterior orposterior teeth

Posterior amalgam fillings

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Direct Fillings:

Posterior Composite Filling

Anterior Composite Filling

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Crown: Indirect restoration

to replace missingcrownof tooth, orprotect remainingcrownof tooth

Caries, fractures,teeth with RCT,esthetics

Made of porcelain,metals, or both

Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Crown

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Bridge:An indirect restoration; to replace one

or more missing teeth

fixed not removable; cemented toexisting teeth

Made of porcelain, metals, or both

Abutmentthe existing tooth/teethsupporting the bridge

Ponticthe replacement tooth

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Bridge:

Missing tootharea to be restored

Abutments

Pontic

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Bridge:Anterior bridge on model

Anterior bridge before cementation

How many abutment teeth

does the patient have?

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Bridge:Before treatment

After bridgecementation

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FYI: Ancient Egyptian Bridge

Gold wire used to hold pontic crowns.

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Indirect Restorations: Inlay

A fabricated restoration made of metal or

porcelain that replaces missing toothstructure; does NOT include the restorationof any cusps

Onlay

A fabricated restoration (as above) that

DOES include the restoration of at leastone cusp

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Inlays vs. Onlays:

Porcelain Inlays

Gold Onlay

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Veneers: All-porcelain or

acrylic facing fortooth

Primarily used foresthetic reasons

Can alter shape &color of existingtooth

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Denture: The removable dental prosthetic used

to replace all of the teeth in an arch;

patient is edentulous. Made of acrylic (teeth may be porcelain)

Partial Denturereplaces some teethin the arch; patient is partiallyedentulous. Made of acrylic usually with metal

substructure and clasps

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Denture:Full Upper and Lower Denture

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Denture:

Removable

Partial Denture

metal clasp for retention

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Endodontic Restorations:Endodontic inside the tooth;

root canal treatment (RCT) Gutta perchaused to fill the canal

Post and Core The post is a metal piece that is screwed

into and cemented into the root canal The core is built-up around the post to

create more available tooth structure

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Endodontic Restorations:amalgam

postsGutta percha

Build-up unrestored

pulp

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Pediatric Restorations:

Stainless Steel

Crown (SSC): Prefabricated

Cemented

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Pediatric Restorations:Space Maintainer:

Holds space where

primary tooth wasprematurely lost

Stainless steelband/crown with loop

Fabricated outside ofthe mouth; cemented