Development policies in the Brazilian Amazon Armin Mathis (NAEA/UFPA)

Development policies in the Brazilian Amazon

Armin Mathis(NAEA/UFPA)

Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis

Some basic data about the Amazon: what shall be developed?

The analytical framework: The Amazon a region of the modern periphery

Political intervention in the Brazilian Amazon

Regional development: some thesis


Some basic data

Amazon Basin: 6.112.000 km2

Brazil 63%Peru 17%Bolivia 11%Colombia 5,8%Equador 2,2%Venezuela 0,7%Guiana 0,2%

Population 1950 3.800.0002007 23.550.000516%(=13,8% of the Brazilian population) Population density: 4,6 hab/km2Roraima 1,76 hab/km2

Belém >1.000 hab/km2


Some basic data

Illiteracy rate (pop>= 15 years) 2000 2010Acre 24,5 16,5 Amazonas 15,5 9,9 Amapá 12,1 8,4 Pará 16,8 11,7 Rondônia 13,0 8,7 Roraima 13,5 10,3 Tocantins 18,8 13,1 Brasil 13,6 9,6


Some basic data

2002 2005 2010 Brasil 100,0 100,0 100,0Norte 4,7 5,0 5,3Rondônia 0,5 0,6 0,6Acre 0,2 0,2 0,2Amazonas 1,5 1,6 1,6Roraima 0,2 0,1 0,2Pará 1,7 1,8 2,1Amapá 0,2 0,2 0,2Tocantins 0,4 0,4 0,5 Nordeste 13,0 13,1 13,5Maranhão 1,0 1,2 1,2Sudeste 56,7 56,5 55,4Sul 16,9 16,6 16,5

Centro-Oeste 8,8 8,9 9,3Mato Grosso 1,4 1,7 1,6

Gross domestic product


Some basic data

Acre

Amazonas

Amapá

Maranhão

Mato GrossoPará

Rondônia

Roraima

Tocantins

Distrit

o Federal

Santa Catarin

a

0.500 0.550 0.600 0.650 0.700 0.750 0.800 0.850 0.900 0.950 1.000

2004 2005


The analytic framework

Social acting is affected by the material environmental condition and social acting changes the material environment

The Amazon is material environment for social action (communication) and social order.

The Amazon is embedded twice in a global context

The Amazon is a geographical space characterized by a specific resource assets

The interest in the Amazon is (also) the interest in its resources


The analytic framework

The inclusion in the global economic system has impacts on social organization at local level and depends of social organization at

national level

The Amazon is situated in the periphery of the modernity, it’s a modern periphery

Past experiences with development policies continue present in the region



The Amazon under the Brazilian military dictatorship: ordem e progresso

Program of National Integration / Programa de Integração Nacional Amazon a strategic region for the Brazilian development process

“a land without men for men without land”road construction, colonization

National Development Programs (II. 1975-1979, III. 1979-1985) POLAMAZONIA, POLONOROEESTE, Programa Grande Carajás (PGC)



The TransitionSarney, Collor, Itamar

Program “Our Nature”institutional framework for the environment policies

Rio 92environment policy as entrance to the club of the modern nations



FHCNeoliberalism and he golden age of the NGOs

PPG7 Programa Pilotoinstitutional framework for the environment policies

National Development Axis institutional framework for the environment policies



Théry 2005: 40



Théry 2005: 44



Théry 2005: 48



Lula & DilmaDevelopment needs growth and growth needs natural

resources, infrastructure and energy

PAC – Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento

PAS – Sustainable Development Plan for the Amazon(Plano Amazônia Sustentável)



Lula & DilmaRegional Integration, national sovereignty and a new

identity for the Military: policy at the borderline

PDFF– Program for the Development of the Border(Programa de Desenvolvimento da Faixa da Fronteira

PAS – Sustainable Development Plan for the Amazon(Plano Amazônia Sustentável)



Brasil (2009): 29Brasil (2009): 13



The choice of the regional development model has effects on the development possibilities outside of the region.

There is more than ‘one’ Amazon, and any development policy has to recognize and to incorporate this diversity in a coherent model and

not in a set of conflictive activities and land uses.

The population of the Amazon is mostly not rural.

The territorial border in the Amazon is not an obstacle but an opportunity for regional development



The territorial border in the Amazon is not an obstacle but an opportunity for regional development.

Each local / regional development model needs to be recognized and legitimate by the population.

The development model has to define the form of the regions insertion in the national and global economic and social context

A regional / local development model must be knowledge based.

The form the state and its agencies perform in the region is decisive for the success of a development model.

Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin MathisReferences

ReferencesBRASIL / Ministério da Integração Nacional / Secretaria de Programas

Regionais. Programa de Promoção do Desenvolvimento da Faixa de Fronteira – PDFF. Brasília 2009.

THÉRY, H. Situações da Amazônia no Brasil e no continente. Estudos Avançados 19 (53): 37-49. São Paulo 2005.


Armin Mathis studied Economy and Political Science at the Philipps-University in Marburg, 1987, Dipl. in Political Science at the Free University of Berlin, 1995, PhD in Political Science at Free University of Berlin. Since 1998 he is ordinary Professor at UFPA/NAEA, 2009/2012 General Director of the Centre for Advanced Amazon Studies (Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos) at the Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil. His main areas of research involve public policy for regional development, mining and its contributions to regional development, social systems theory. [email protected]@gmail.com

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Development policies in the Brazilian Amazon Armin Mathis (NAEA/UFPA)

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