Development policies in the Brazilian Amazon
Armin Mathis(NAEA/UFPA)
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Some basic data about the Amazon: what shall be developed?
The analytical framework: The Amazon a region of the modern periphery
Political intervention in the Brazilian Amazon
Regional development: some thesis
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Some basic data
Amazon Basin: 6.112.000 km2
Brazil 63%Peru 17%Bolivia 11%Colombia 5,8%Equador 2,2%Venezuela 0,7%Guiana 0,2%
Population 1950 3.800.0002007 23.550.000516%(=13,8% of the Brazilian population) Population density: 4,6 hab/km2Roraima 1,76 hab/km2
Belém >1.000 hab/km2
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Some basic data
Illiteracy rate (pop>= 15 years) 2000 2010Acre 24,5 16,5 Amazonas 15,5 9,9 Amapá 12,1 8,4 Pará 16,8 11,7 Rondônia 13,0 8,7 Roraima 13,5 10,3 Tocantins 18,8 13,1 Brasil 13,6 9,6
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Some basic data
2002 2005 2010 Brasil 100,0 100,0 100,0Norte 4,7 5,0 5,3Rondônia 0,5 0,6 0,6Acre 0,2 0,2 0,2Amazonas 1,5 1,6 1,6Roraima 0,2 0,1 0,2Pará 1,7 1,8 2,1Amapá 0,2 0,2 0,2Tocantins 0,4 0,4 0,5 Nordeste 13,0 13,1 13,5Maranhão 1,0 1,2 1,2Sudeste 56,7 56,5 55,4Sul 16,9 16,6 16,5
Centro-Oeste 8,8 8,9 9,3Mato Grosso 1,4 1,7 1,6
Gross domestic product
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Some basic data
Acre
Amazonas
Amapá
Maranhão
Mato GrossoPará
Rondônia
Roraima
Tocantins
Distrit
o Federal
Santa Catarin
a
0.500 0.550 0.600 0.650 0.700 0.750 0.800 0.850 0.900 0.950 1.000
2004 2005
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
The analytic framework
Social acting is affected by the material environmental condition and social acting changes the material environment
The Amazon is material environment for social action (communication) and social order.
The Amazon is embedded twice in a global context
The Amazon is a geographical space characterized by a specific resource assets
The interest in the Amazon is (also) the interest in its resources
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
The analytic framework
The inclusion in the global economic system has impacts on social organization at local level and depends of social organization at
national level
The Amazon is situated in the periphery of the modernity, it’s a modern periphery
Past experiences with development policies continue present in the region
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Political intervention in the Brazilian Amazon
The Amazon under the Brazilian military dictatorship: ordem e progresso
Program of National Integration / Programa de Integração Nacional Amazon a strategic region for the Brazilian development process
“a land without men for men without land”road construction, colonization
National Development Programs (II. 1975-1979, III. 1979-1985) POLAMAZONIA, POLONOROEESTE, Programa Grande Carajás (PGC)
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Political intervention in the Brazilian Amazon
The TransitionSarney, Collor, Itamar
Program “Our Nature”institutional framework for the environment policies
Rio 92environment policy as entrance to the club of the modern nations
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Political intervention in the Brazilian Amazon
FHCNeoliberalism and he golden age of the NGOs
PPG7 Programa Pilotoinstitutional framework for the environment policies
National Development Axis institutional framework for the environment policies
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Political intervention in the Brazilian Amazon
Théry 2005: 40
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Political intervention in the Brazilian Amazon
Théry 2005: 44
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Political intervention in the Brazilian Amazon
Théry 2005: 48
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Political intervention in the Brazilian Amazon
Lula & DilmaDevelopment needs growth and growth needs natural
resources, infrastructure and energy
PAC – Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento
PAS – Sustainable Development Plan for the Amazon(Plano Amazônia Sustentável)
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Political intervention in the Brazilian Amazon
Lula & DilmaRegional Integration, national sovereignty and a new
identity for the Military: policy at the borderline
PDFF– Program for the Development of the Border(Programa de Desenvolvimento da Faixa da Fronteira
PAS – Sustainable Development Plan for the Amazon(Plano Amazônia Sustentável)
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Political intervention in the Brazilian Amazon
Brasil (2009): 29Brasil (2009): 13
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Regional development: some thesis
The choice of the regional development model has effects on the development possibilities outside of the region.
There is more than ‘one’ Amazon, and any development policy has to recognize and to incorporate this diversity in a coherent model and
not in a set of conflictive activities and land uses.
The population of the Amazon is mostly not rural.
The territorial border in the Amazon is not an obstacle but an opportunity for regional development
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Regional development: some thesis
The territorial border in the Amazon is not an obstacle but an opportunity for regional development.
Each local / regional development model needs to be recognized and legitimate by the population.
The development model has to define the form of the regions insertion in the national and global economic and social context
A regional / local development model must be knowledge based.
The form the state and its agencies perform in the region is decisive for the success of a development model.
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin MathisReferences
ReferencesBRASIL / Ministério da Integração Nacional / Secretaria de Programas
Regionais. Programa de Promoção do Desenvolvimento da Faixa de Fronteira – PDFF. Brasília 2009.
THÉRY, H. Situações da Amazônia no Brasil e no continente. Estudos Avançados 19 (53): 37-49. São Paulo 2005.
Development policies in the Brazilian AmazonArmin Mathis
Armin Mathis studied Economy and Political Science at the Philipps-University in Marburg, 1987, Dipl. in Political Science at the Free University of Berlin, 1995, PhD in Political Science at Free University of Berlin. Since 1998 he is ordinary Professor at UFPA/NAEA, 2009/2012 General Director of the Centre for Advanced Amazon Studies (Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos) at the Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil. His main areas of research involve public policy for regional development, mining and its contributions to regional development, social systems theory. [email protected]@gmail.com