Design of TubeANSI/API Standard 660 is used as a guideline when analyse and design the tube. ANSI/API Standard 660 is the national adoption of ISO 16812:2002 Petroleum and gas industries Shell and tube heat exchangers which specifies requirements and recommendations for design of shell and tube heat exchanger (Thulukkanam, 2013, page 237). Selection of Tube Material Southwest Thermal Technology (2015) proposed that the tubing used in the heat exchangers up to industries standard is low carbon steel. However, copper, copper -nickel, stainless steel, Inconel, Hastelloy, or titanium are also used. Thulukkanam (2013) also states that the tubes in the heat exchangers must be able to withstand: the operating temperature and pressure on both sides, thermal stress due to the differential thermal expansion between the shell and the tube bundle, and the corrosive nature of both the shellside and tubesides fluids.Type of the material used to construct is Aluminium Brass (76 Cu - 22 Zn - 2 Al). Lunsford (2006) states that brazed aluminium heat exchangers have superior heat transfer capabilities and can be cost effective for non-corrosive gases and liquids as compared with traditional shell and-tube exchangers. Generally, aluminium has an excellent corrosion resistance whereas copper has a good thermal conductivity among metals. This kind of aluminium alloy can provide thermal conductivity, of which is highest among the material used to construct heat exchanger (The Engineering Toolbox, n.d.).

Inner and outer diameter of tubeTube size is classified by outside diameter and wall thickness (Thulukkanam, 2013, page 230). Smaller diameter tubes yield higher heat transfer coefficients but harder to clean (Thulukkanam, 2013, page 230). The most popular outside tube diameter are and since these size are most economical in most applications and give the best all-around performance (Thulukkanam, 2013, page 230). However, tubes of are normally used when fouling is expected since smaller diameter tubes are not suitable for mechanical cleaning (Thulukkanam, 2013, page 230). H&C (2014) also suggest the normal tube wall thickness range from 12 to 16WG (from 0.109 inches to 0.065 inches thick). Assume ,

Tube LengthThe most convenient and economical exchanger for a given surface area is small shell diameter and long tubes (Thulukkanam, 2013, page 231). Standard length provided by TEMA standard RCB-2.1 are 96,120,144,196, and 240 inch (Thulukkanam, 2013, page 232). The tube length selected based on standard is 240 inch to maximise the efficiency of the heat exchanger.

ReferencesLunsford, K.M. (2006). Advantages of Brazed Heat Exchangers in the Gas Processing Industry. Retrieved on 23rd May 2015, from http://www.bre.com/portals/0/technicalarticles/advantages%20of%20brazed%20heat%20exchangers%20in%20the%20gas%20processing%20industry.pdfThe Engineering Toolbox. (n.d.). Thermal Conductivity of some common Materials and Gases. Retrieved on 23rd May 2015, from http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-d_429.htmlH&C Heat Transfer Solutions Inc. (2014). Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Construction Details. Retrieved on 23rd May 2015, from http://www.hcheattransfer.com/shell_and_tube.htmlThulukkanam, K. (2013).