Design of the Greenhouse Module (GHM) GHM SubsystemsIt is essen al to test these GHM technologies in...

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Abstract Humanity’s plans to further explore the solar system requires the development of bioregeneraƟve life support systems (BLSS), fully incorporated into the habitat infrastructure. A Greenhouse Module (GHM) would contribute to food producƟon, CO 2 reducƟon, O 2 producƟon, water recycling and waste management. It is essenƟal to test these GHM technologies in a similar environment to space and with relevant mass ows in order to increase their Technology Readiness Level. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) is planning to design and operate a GHM test facility at an analogue test site. Therefore, the AntarcƟc Neumayer StaƟon III of the German Alfred Wegener InsƟtute (AWI) has been idenƟed as an ideal tesƟng ground. Authors: Schubert, D., Zabel, P., Poulet, L., Zeidler, C. (German Aerospace Center) DLR InsƟtute of Space Systems Department of System Analysis Space Segment (SARA) RobertHookeStr. 7 D28359 Bremen Contact: Daniel Schubert +49 421 24420 1136 [email protected] Grow Pallet Design LeƩuce grown in a Grow Pallet Analogue Test Site Features @ AntarcƟca Neumayer StaƟon III—Facts Structures, Mechanisms & Plant Compartment 20 or 40 foot shipping container 18 grow units Nutrient Delivery System (NDS) Highyield, low water use plant producƟon systems Real‐Ɵme online measurements of ionselecƟve concentraƟons Air Management System Temperature and humidity control system composed of COTS ducts, blowers, condensing heat exchangers, heaters and humidiers AcƟve CO 2 injecƟon InnovaƟve UVCLED water disinfecƟon system LighƟng System High performance LEDs, combining a variety of monochromaƟc lights to create a spectrum specically tailored to plant photosyntheƟc requirements Highly integrated panels and opƟmised with regards to mass, thermal load, volume and power demand Health Monitoring & CDH The “Electric Nose“ (ENose) allows for near real‐Ɵme qualitaƟve and quanƟtaƟve microbial loads Transportable Modular Aerosolbased DecontaminaƟon and DisinfecƟon System (TransMADDS) for decontaminaƟon purposes Prep.& Post Processing Units Work bench (incl. washing sink, waste chute) for seedlingand harvest procedures SterilisaƟon Unit for cleaning and desinfecƟng the used grow pallets, grow lids and the aeroponic difussors Design of the Greenhouse Module (GHM) GHM Subsystems 2. AircraŌ ScienƟsts, all personnel for the season and special cargo travels to Neumayer StaƟon III via aircraŌ. Allows for access to the conƟnent from November to March. 1. Cargo Ship and Pistenbulli The cargo ship Polarstern leaves in December from Cape Town, South Africa, where it travels to the Ekström IceShelf. The cargo is transported the remaining 21km of the journey on 10 snow tractors (Pistenbulli). Access to AntarcƟca Important for every human space ight technology is an adequate tesƟng in a respecƟve environment similar to space. Since inspace validaƟon campaigns are extremely costly, an inexpensive and fast tesƟng at Earth Analogue Test Sites (ATS) becomes more and more desirable. Here, the ATS shall display one or more features, similar to the situaƟon the crew has to handle on Moon/ Mars. The ATS at the Neumayer StaƟon III exhibits the following analogue features: Sterile Environment AntarcƟca is one of the most protected and, from a biological perspecƟve, sterile environments on Earth. This allows for further invesƟgaƟon of the microbial contaminaƟon paƩerns, resulƟng from the habitat and the human interacƟon. Crew Size A summer team (ca. 5060) and a small winter team (ca. 79) stay at Neumayer StaƟon III throughout the year. The winter team is isolated for nine months, which has a high similarity to future space mission crews. Harsh Environment AntarcƟca has extreme winds, heavy snow falls, temperatures below –50°C and seasonal dark periods of approximately 6 months. IsolaƟon The crew has nine months of isolaƟon and only one or two resupply rates a year. E ects on the psychological wellbeing of the crew are comparable with real longduraƟon space exploraƟon scenarios (=> high mission delity). Accessibility and LogisƟcs There are several internaƟonal logisƟcs agreements in order to supply the research staƟon => aordable tesƟng costs! Habitat Interface The AntartcƟc research staƟon itself acts as a habitat, facilitaƟng crew survivability on the AntarcƟc conƟnent. Human Dynamics and Technology Dependency Neumayer StaƟon III represents a good tesƟng ground for future crew interacƟon relaƟons and the invesƟgaƟon of HumanMachineInterfaces. German AntarcƟc research staƟon, operated by Alfred Wegener InsƟtute (AWI) FoundaƟon winter 2007/2008, ConstrucƟon winter 2008/2009, InauguraƟon 20 February 2008 Three dimensional steel structure, comprises an underground secƟon placed in a 76 x 26 m 2 trench in the snow 6 meters elevated plaƞorm surrounded by an insulated hull of 68 x 24 m 2 containing the two storied staƟon For the external structure of the test facility, a standard 20 or 40 foot shipping container is used to reduce cost. This results in easy and inexpensive transportaƟon and fast deployment to Neumayer StaƟon III. The test facility is divided into a culƟvaƟon secƟon and a service secƟon. The container is thermally isolated for temperatures down to – 50°C. An airlock system is placed infront of the container (not shown in picture above). The plant culƟvaƟon secƟon houses the dierent grow units, used for crop culƟvaƟon. Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) technologies provide proper environmental condiƟons for enhanced plant growth. The ƟmeshiŌed approach is implemented between the dierent grow pallets to allow justin‐Ɵme harvest events. MulƟ crop strategy is foreseen, where target plants like for example tomatoes, raddish, leƩuce, carrots grow in a concurrent way. Each grow pallet houses one single crop type in the same lifecycle phase. The service secƟon accommodates support systems such as the germinaƟon unit, air management– and Nutrient Delivery System. Furthermore, an integrated work bench allows preand post processing of the grow pallets. The harvested crops shall be consumed by the Neumayer StaƟon III crew as complementary food (=> supplement to the canned food) Fans Air Duct (outgoing air) Storage Cupboard incl. Waste Chute, Work Area, Washing Basin SterilisaƟon Autoclave Power Control Unit GerminaƟon Unit Nutrient Tanks & Mix Computer H 2 O Buer Tank Air Management System, incl. CO 2 tanks & H 2 O recovery system Air Ducts (ingoing air) Service secƟon Plant culƟvaƟon secƟon Nutrient/ H 2 O buer tanks Service Module Grow Lid Sensor Seed Net / Seed Pad Piping and Cabling Nutrient Solution Tanks Piping Air Ducts (ingoing air) Module Grow Lid Grow Pallet The inital design of a grow unit, containing air ducts (yellow), grow pallets and lighƟng panels West East Cross-section D3 D2 D1 ZD U2 U1 +21.0 m +16.5 m + 9.1 m +12.2 m + 6.7 m - 3.1 m - 8.2 m ArƟtst impressions of a mission to Mars incl. MarƟan greenhouse module LocaƟon of the Neumayer StaƟon III on the AntarcƟc conƟnent:

Transcript of Design of the Greenhouse Module (GHM) GHM SubsystemsIt is essen al to test these GHM technologies in...

Page 1: Design of the Greenhouse Module (GHM) GHM SubsystemsIt is essen al to test these GHM technologies in a similar environment to space and with relevant mass flows in order to increase

Abstract Humanity’s plans  to  further explore  the  solar  system  requires  the development of bio‐regenera ve  life 

support systems  (BLSS),  fully  incorporated  into  the habitat  infrastructure. A Greenhouse Module  (GHM) 

would  contribute  to  food produc on, CO2 reduc on, O2 produc on, water  recycling and waste manage‐

ment.  

It  is essen al to test these GHM technologies  in a similar environment to space and with relevant mass 

flows in order to increase their Technology Readiness Level. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) is plan‐

ning to design and operate a GHM test facility at an analogue test site. Therefore, the Antarc c Neumayer 

Sta on III of the German Alfred Wegener Ins tute (AWI) has been iden fied as an ideal tes ng ground. 

Authors: Schubert, D., Zabel, P., Poulet, L., Zeidler, C. (German Aerospace Center) 

DLR ‐ Ins tute of Space Systems 

Department of System Analysis Space Segment (SARA) 

Robert‐Hooke‐Str. 7  D‐28359 Bremen 

Contact: Daniel Schubert 

+49 421 24420 1136 

[email protected] 

Grow Pallet Design  Le uce grown in a Grow Pallet 

Analogue Test Site Features @ Antarc ca 

Neumayer Sta on III—Facts 

Structures, Mechanisms & Plant Compartment 

20 or 40 foot shipping container 

18 grow units  

Nutrient Delivery System (NDS) 

High‐yield, low water use plant produc on systems 

Real‐ me online measurements of ion‐selec ve concentra ons  

Air Management System 

Temperature and humidity control system composed of COTS ducts, blowers, condensing heat exchangers, heaters and humidifiers 

Ac ve CO2 injec on  

Innova ve UV‐C‐LED water disinfec on system  

Ligh ng System 

High performance LEDs, combining a variety of monochroma c lights to create a spectrum specifically tailored to plant photosynthe c 

requirements 

Highly integrated panels and op mised with regards to mass, thermal load, volume and power demand  

Health Monitoring & CDH 

The “Electric Nose“ (E‐Nose) allows for near real‐ me qualita ve and quan ta ve microbial loads 

Transportable Modular Aerosol‐based Decontamina on and Disinfec on System (TransMADDS) for decontamina on purposes  

Prep.‐ & Post Processing Units 

Work bench (incl. washing sink, waste chute) for seedling‐ and harvest procedures  

Sterilisa on Unit for cleaning and desinfec ng the used grow pallets, grow lids and the aeroponic difussors 

Design of the Greenhouse Module (GHM)  GHM Subsystems  

2. Aircra  

Scien sts, all personnel for the season and special cargo tra‐

vels to Neumayer Sta on III via aircra . 

Allows for access to the con nent from November to March. 

1. Cargo Ship and Pistenbulli 

The cargo ship Polarstern leaves in December from Cape 

Town, South Africa, where it travels to the Ekström Ice‐Shelf. 

The cargo is transported the remaining 21km of the journey 

on 10 snow tractors (Pistenbulli). 

Access to Antarc ca 

Important for every human space flight technology is an adequate tes ng in a respec ve environment similar to space. Since in‐space vali‐da on campaigns are extremely costly, an inexpensive and fast tes ng at Earth Analogue Test Sites (ATS) becomes more and more desira‐ble. Here, the ATS shall display one or more features, similar to the situa on the crew has to handle on Moon/ Mars. The ATS at the Neuma‐yer Sta on III exhibits the following analogue features:   

Sterile Environment   Antarc ca is one of the most protected and, from a biological perspec ve, sterile environments on Earth. This allows for further  

  inves ga on of the microbial contamina on pa erns, resul ng from the habitat and the human interac on.   

 

Crew Size 

  A summer team (ca. 50‐60) and a small winter team (ca. 7‐9) stay at Neumayer Sta on III throughout the year. The winter team is  iso‐ 

  lated for nine months, which has a high similarity to future space mission crews.  

 

Harsh Environment 

  Antarc ca has extreme winds, heavy snow falls, temperatures below –50°C and seasonal dark periods of approximately 6 months.  

 

Isola on 

  The crew has nine months of isola on and only one or two resupply rates a year. Effects on the psychological well‐being of the crew are 

  comparable with real long‐dura on space explora on scenarios (=> high mission fidelity).  

 

Accessibility and Logis cs 

  There are several interna onal logis cs agreements in order to supply the research sta on => affordable tes ng costs!  

 

Habitat Interface 

  The Antartc c research sta on itself acts as a habitat, facilita ng crew survivability on the Antarc c con nent.  

 

Human Dynamics and Technology Dependency 

  Neumayer Sta on III represents a good tes ng ground for future crew interac on rela ons and the inves ga on of Human‐Machine‐ 

  Interfaces.  

German Antarc c research sta on, operated by Alfred Wegener Ins tute (AWI) 

Founda on winter 2007/2008, Construc on winter 2008/2009, Inaugura on 20 February 2008 

Three dimensional steel structure, comprises an underground sec on placed in a 76 x 26 m2 trench in the 

snow 

6 meters elevated pla orm surrounded by an insulated hull of 68 x 24 m2 containing the two storied sta on 

For the external structure of the test facility, a standard 20 or 40 foot shipping container is used to reduce cost. This results in easy and 

inexpensive transporta on and fast deployment to Neumayer Sta on III.  

The test facility is divided into a cul va on sec on and a service sec on. The container is thermally isolated for temperatures down to 

– 50°C. An airlock system is placed infront of the container (not shown in picture above).   

The plant cul va on sec on houses the different grow units, used for crop cul va on. Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA)  tech‐

nologies provide proper environmental condi ons for enhanced plant growth. The  me‐shi ed approach is implemented between the 

different grow pallets to allow just‐in‐ me harvest events. Mul  crop strategy is foreseen, where target plants like for example tomato‐

es, raddish, le uce, carrots grow in a concurrent way. Each grow pallet houses one single crop type in the same life‐cycle phase.     

The service sec on accommodates support systems  such as  the germina on unit, air management– and   Nutrient Delivery System. 

Furthermore, an integrated work bench allows pre‐ and post processing of the grow pallets.  

The harvested crops shall be consumed by the Neumayer Sta on III crew as complementary food (=> supplement to the canned food)  

Fans Air Duct  

(outgoing air) 

Storage Cupboard incl.  

Waste Chute, Work Area, 

Washing Basin 

Sterilisa on 

Autoclave 

Power Control Unit 

Germina on Unit 

Nutrient Tanks & Mix 

Computer 

H2O Buffer Tank Air Management System, incl. CO2 

tanks & H2O recovery system 

Air Ducts  

(ingoing air) 

Service sec on 

Plant cul va on sec on 

Nutrient/ H2O  

buffer tanks 

Service Module

Grow LidSensor

Seed Net / Seed Pad

Piping and Cabling

Nutrient Solution Tanks Piping

Air Ducts(ingoing air)

ModuleGrow LidGrow Pallet

The inital design of a grow unit, containing air ducts (yellow), 

grow pallets and ligh ng panels 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

West East

Cross-section

D3

D2

D1

ZD

U2

U1

+21.0 m

+16.5 m

+ 9.1 m

+12.2 m

+ 6.7 m

- 3.1 m

- 8.2 m

Ar tst impressions of a mission to Mars incl. Mar an greenhouse module 

Loca on of the Neumayer Sta on III on the Antarc c con nent: