Design a Hybrid Wind-Solar Power System for Remote Areas ... › gcc2019 › papers › 19.pdf ·...

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, November 26-28, 2019

Design a Hybrid Wind-Solar Power System for Remote Areas of Saudi Arabia

Mashael Abdullah Rajeh Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

Effat UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia

[email protected]

Ahmed Bensenouci Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

Effat UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia

abensenouci @effatuniversity.edu.sa

Abstract

Over the last few years, the use of Renewable Energy (RE) has increased widely, and many projects were focusing on increasing the renewable energy efficiency and decreasing the usage of other resources (nonrenewable) such as fossil fuel that affect greatly our environment. The hybrid wind-solar power system is one of renewable energy (RE) applications and energy savings. Moreover, the current status and the future potentials of renewable energy in Saudi Arabia for vision “2030” are seeking for clean energy, and the proposed work falls in the same goal where the system arrangement of combining the power harnessed from both the wind - solar and stored in a cell (battery) can be a much more reliable power source. The load can still be powered using the stored energy inside the cells even when there is no sun or wind. Specifically, the paper describes the hybrid wind-solar prototype design and implementation. Actually, it is implanted in Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to supply a target load of 200 Watts up to 550 Watts. Some experimental test results are also presented. This study is the outreach and dissemination of renewable energy technologies on Effat University campus.

Keywords Hybrid power system, charge controller, battery, Wind turbine, Solar panel.

1. IntroductionThe Middle East and North Africa (MENA, 2010), (VAISALA, 2018) region is considered as one of the best

areas, for solar radiation, in the world, as seen in Figure 1 (Mena, 2010). Saudi Arabia has a variety of renewable resources of energy. Mainly, it enjoys one of the highest solar radiation levels in the world. The level of irradiance is around 760 W/m2 in summer and 660 W/m2 in winter (Zell, 2015). For this reason, the country is in the process of developing cost-efficient, clean and state-of-the-art technology to generate clean energy from wind and solar to meet Saudi Arabia's growing demand for electricity and to reduce oil and petroleum consumption, and impact on the environment as depicted in Figures 2 & 3 (Slam, 2017). Recently, Saudi Arabia launched one of the Kingdom's largest project to build $500 billion mega-city business and industrial zone "NEOM" with a high ambition to make this new area running on 100% renewable energy (NEOM, 2019.

The idea of this project comes up to use two types of available renewable energy sources in one system; the solar, that is high during summer period, and wind speed, that is available more in the winter period. Such operation is called hybrid wind-solar power system (Wagh, 2017) (Irwan, 2013). This paper major focus is on the design of a stand-alone system called hybrid wind-solar power system. The system is now implanted in Effat university campus and which supplies 200 W up to 550 W, for a seating area that includes: USB charger, lights and electrical fan, as loads. Experimental data are also presented. Such work is encouraging us to investigate further this topic.

© IEOM Society International 876


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Figure 1. Worldwide global Solar map

Figure 2. Renewable energy production in KSA

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Figure 3. Renewable energy Sources for '2032" in KSA



2. Design of a hybrid wind-solar system The standalone hybrid wind-solar system is represented as a block diagram, as shown in Figure 4. It is

composed of a PV panel, a wind turbine with its regulator, a battery, an inverter, and a solar-charge controller. The system designed components are: 150W polycrystalline panel, 400W wind turbine, 200Ah battery, 600W inverter, and solar-charger controller. The maximum tilt angle of the panel facing the sun has to be determined by using PVSYST software [7] (PVsyst, 2019); it is around 20o facing South earth pole.

Figure 4. Hybrid wind-solar power system

2.1 Wind turbine The wind turbine works through the rotor that captures the kinetic energy (wind energy) and converts it into

a rotary motion to drive an AC generator (Bouzelata, 2016). The obtained AC voltage is then converted to 12 V DC. The size of the wind turbine depends on the application that the customer needs. The range of wind turbines starts from 20 Watts to 100 kW. Mostly used wind turbines are the horizontal-axis turbines since they are a high performance, easy maintenance, and low-cost turbines (Windexchange, 2019). Therefore, the system uses a Horizontal-Axis Wind-Turbine (HAWT) as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5. Wind turbine

The wind turbine output characteristic, power versus wind speed, is as shown in Figure 6. and the designed parameter values are as shown in Table 1.



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Figure 6. Wind turbine power output

Table 1: Wind turbine data

The power entering the wind turbine depends on the air density r, the swept area of blades A and the wind speed V as follows.

Whereas the power leaving the wind turbine is where Cp is the power coefficient.

2.2 Solar Panel It is an electronic device, a solar cell, called Photovoltaic or PV (Figure 7). It is used to convert the sunlight into electricity (Prabhakant, 2015). The solar panel produces current and voltage to generate electrical power. The Solar panel behaves as a current source, whose power-voltage (PV) and current-voltage (IV) curves are shown in Figure 8. The design data is shown in Table 2.

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Parameter Value

Rated power 400 W

Rated Wind Turbine Voltage 12 V / 24 VDC

Cut-in wind turbine voltage 3 m/s

Number of Blades 3

Rotor diameter 2.5 m -8 m

Rated wind Speed 1.2 m/s

Cut – out wind speed 50 m/s



Figure 7. Solar panel

Figure 8. Solar panel PV and IV Curves

Table 2: Technical specification for a solar panel

2.3 Battery Batteries or accumulators, in hybrid wind-solar generation systems, are used to store energy from solar PV

panels and wind turbines, in an off-grid situation. In PV systems, accumulators use, mostly, lead-acid and Hi-Cd (nickel cadmium). The aim is to store the surplus electric energy generated from PV and wind turbine in accumulators. The ratio of electrical power generated by the hybrid power generation system to accumulator voltage expresses the accumulator value used in the unit of ampere-hours (Oguz, 2015). The designed battery is shown in Figure 9 and its data specifications are shown in Table 5.

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Figure 9. Lead acid battery

TABLE 5: Technical specification the battery

Parameter Value

Maximum power (Pmax) 150 W

Voltage at Pmax (Vmp) 17.5 V

Current at Pmax (Imp) 4.58 A

Open-circuit voltage (Voc) 21.9 V

Short-circuit current (Isc) 4.95 A



2.4 Inverter The inverter converts the voltage from DC to AC while controlling both AC voltage magnitude and

frequency. The designed inverter is an off-Grid type that converts battery voltage (12VDC or 24VDC) to mains power (230/240VAC). Figure 10 shows a power inverter whereas Table 6 shows its data specifications.

! Figure 10. Power inverter

TABLE 6: Inverter technical specifications

2.5 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) The charger controller (Figure 11) regulates the voltage and current provided by the Photovoltaic

(PV) panel, and control the charging level of the battery. It keeps the battery continuously in fully charged position without excessive charging and discharging. In this design, an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) type is designed and whose data is given in Table 7

.

Parameter Value

Type Deep-cycle Lead-Acid

Capacity 200 Ah

Volt 2-24V

Parameter Value

Input voltage range 10-15 VDC

Output voltage 220-240 VAC

Output power continuous 600 W

Input full load current 60 A (12VDC)

Standby input current 0.5 A (12 V) // < 30 A (24V)

Output waveform Sine wave

Output frequency Range 50/60 Hz

Peak output power 500 W



! Figure 11. Charge controller with MPPT

TABLE 7: Technical specification the MPPT

3. Solar-Wind System Design The hybrid wind-solar power system is designed to supply some electrical devices, in a small seating area, in

Effat University where the load is less than 550 W. Both wind and solar systems are designed to supply, for the moment, a relatively small load made of an electrical fan, some lightings and USB chargers. The system components used, after the design process was achieved, are: 150W polycrystalline PV panel, 400W wind turbine, 200Ah batteries, 600W inverter, and a solar-charger controller. The priority is given to the determination of the location of both energy sources to satisfy the specific target. The maximum tilt angle of the panel facing the sun was determined using PVSYST software (PVsyst, 2019). An artificial way to get wind, for experiment purpose, as a resource is by using a strong electric fan or a wind tunnel. The designed prototype of the hybrid solar-wind system is located in Effat University as shown in Figure 12.

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Figure 12. Prototype location in Effat University 4. Experimental data Both prototype solar and wind systems were tested and the results are presented next.

4.1 Solar panel The power output of the PV panel is measured by reading the values from the solar charge controller from

8 am to 4 pm on a specific day to record the output DC voltage and current, and temperature as shown in Figure 13.

Parameter Value

Rated voltage 12/24VDC

Rated load current 1 A

Rated charging current 30 A

DC output voltage 12 or 24 VDC



The DC power output is computed from the DC voltage and current (P=V*I) and shown in Figure 14. It is clearly shown that the maximum power received occurred at around 11am.

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Figure 13. Solar charge controller reading of V, I and temperature

!Figure 14. Power varying along one day

4.2 Wind turbine The tools used to draw the wind turbine voltage versus wind speed characteristic are basically a multimeter

for voltage measurement and a wind speed meter for the wind speed as shown in Figures 15 and 16.

Figure 15. Voltage and wind-speed measurement It is clear that voltage increases with the speed of the wind.



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Figure 16. Wind speed versus output DC voltage

4.3 Hybrid system Now both solar and wind sources are connected. The energy from wind and solar sources are stored in the

designed battery. To avoid power return from solar to wind and vice versa, power diodes were used. Figure 17 shows several pictures of the designed hybrid system.

Figure 17. The hybrid wind-solar power system

5. Conclusion The designed system represents a small contribution in the “2030-vision” participation as it focuses on

renewable energy design and applications. It is developing a sustainable, environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuel and more efficient with high quality that can be implemented in remote areas of Saudi Arabia to meet the target load up to 550 W. So far, a small load was used in this system. In fact, a big TV screen was tested successfully when BBC TV interviewed the student. It is worth noting that the components and materials used are mostly available in the Saudi market with acceptable prices. However, only a hybrid wind-solar charge controller is not available. As a future work, more tests will be done with the designed system fully loaded and effects of temperature, dust, etc., will be deeply studied.

6. Reference



Mena, Energy in MENA, World Bank, available: http://web.worldbank.org/archive/website01418/WEB/0__CO-46.HTM, (Sep 2010). Vaisala, Free wind and solar resource maps, Available: https://www.vaisala.com/en/lp/free-wind- and-solar-resource

maps. 2018. Zell, E. et al., Assessment of solar radiation resources in Saudi Arabia, Solar Energy, (Sep. 2015), vol. 119, pp.

422-438. Slam A. Mohammad and Khan A. Sami, “Transition towards sustainable energy production – A review of the

progress for solar energy in Saudi Arabia,” Energy Exploration & Exploitation 2018, Vol. 36(1) 3–27, 2017. NEOM, Available: https://www.neom.com, (2019). Wagh, Sumit & Walke, P., Review on wind-solar hybrid power system, International Journal of Research in Science

& Engineering, vol. 3, Is. 2, (March-April 2017). Irwan, Y. M., A New Technique of Photovoltaic/Wind Hybrid System in Perlis, Energy Procedia, Elsevier, vol. 36,

pp. 492-501,(2013). PVsyst, http://www.pvsyst.com/software, Available: (Oct 2019). Bouzelata, Yahia, Exploration of optimal design and performance of a hybrid wind-solar energy system, (2016).

International Journal of hydrogen, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 41, no. 29, (January 2016). WINDExchange, Small wind guidebook, Available: https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook, 2019. Wind power output curve, available: https://www.wind-power-program.com/popups/powercurve.htm Prabhakant,S,What is a solar panel? How does a solar panel work? 2015, Available: http://citeserx.ist.su.edu/

viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.703.3868&rep=rep1&type=pdf, 2015. Oğuz, Yüksel, Özsoy, M.F., Sizing, design, and installation of an isolated wind-photovoltaic hybrid power system with battery storage for laboratory general illumination in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, Journal of Energy in Southern

Africa, vol. 26, n. 4, (2015).

Dr. Ahmed Bensenouci, Professor at the Department of ECE, Effat University, received his Ph.D. from Purdue University, Indiana, USA, in 1988, and his Master Degree from RPI, NY, USA, in 1983. He joined, respectively, ENP, 1989-1994, University of 7th of April, Sebrata, Libya, 1994-1996, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1996-1998, College of Technology, Al-Baha, KSA, 1998-2008, Qassim University, Buraydah, KSA, 2008-2010, and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA, 2010-2013. Actually, he is attached as a Professor, to the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Effat University, since 2013. He is an IEEE Senior Member. His main areas of interest include control of power system, application of intelligent techniques, and renewable energy systems. He participated in many Arab and international conferences, and published 23 journal and 97 conference papers. He participated in several funded projects. He is a reviewer of some Scientific Journals and a Jury member for staff promotion to Associate and/or to Professor Positions.

Eng. Mashael A. Rajeh is an Electrical and Computer Engineer, received her Bachelor's degree from Effat University, in 2019. She finished her internships in two different companies, at Saudi Aramco, Dahran, Eastern Province as an Electrical Engineer, in 2018, and at General Electrical, Dammam, Eastern Province as a Maintenance Engineer, in 2017. She participated in Arab Remotely Operation vehicle computation. She is an active IEEE member. She Participated in Saudi Arabia smart grid Conference (SASG2018) with poster about Hybrid wind and solar power system. She participated in Saudi Arabia smart grid Conference (SASG2017) with poster about Solar Roadways.


http://web.worldbank.org/archive/website01418/WEB/0__CO-46.HTM

http://www.vaisala.com/en/lp/free-wind-

http://www.vaisala.com/en/lp/free-wind-

https://www.neom.com

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/18766102/36/supp/C

http://www.pvsyst.com/software

https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook

https://www.wind-power-program.com/popups/powercurve.htm

http://citeserx.ist.su.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.703.3868&rep=rep1&type=pdf

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