Drive Oregon 24 October 2013

Presented by Camron Gorguinpour, PhD Executive Director United States Department of Defense Plug-In Electric Vehicle Program Camron.Gorguinpour@pentagon.af.mil

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DOD PEV Program Overview V2G Project Recurrent Power “Vector II” Conclusion

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GOALS ◦ Develop knowledge base/technology/skill sets to implement PEV strategy ◦ Develop proof of concepts to show PEVs can meet energy directives ◦ Explore related benefits of PEV technology, to include revenue generation ◦ Initiate large scale integration of PEVs into DOD non-tactical ground fleet

OBJECTIVES ◦ Develop strategy to initiate large scale PEV implementation considering: PEVs must meet mission requirements Total cost of ownership for vehicles and infrastructure Vehicles acquired at cost parity Requisite RDT&E activities

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Vehicle Type % of Fleet Ave. Annual Miles

LD Trucks 23% 7781 MD Trucks 21% 6394

Sedans 20% 11296 Pass Vans 16% 7883 HD Trucks 9% 3787

DOD Total # Non-Tactical Vehicles: 195,468*

*Based on 2011 FAST Data 4

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1. High Volume Acquisitions in Targeted Fleet Segments 2. Targeted Regional Deployments 3. Battery Right-Sizing 4. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Activities 5. Vehicle Financing 6. Strategic Planning of Charging Infrastructure

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Initiate large-scale testing and evaluation program for PEV’s on 6 military installations in four regions, with the following features: ◦ 100-500 PEV’s with V2G capability LD pick-up trucks LD cargo/passenger vans MD/HD trucks and vans Buses

◦ One V2G-capable charging station per PEV ◦ Specialized software to manage PEV fleet with V2G capability ◦ Training for multiple DOD constituencies ◦ Sustainment for PEV’s, infrastructure, and software ◦ Program management and systems integration

Option to expand up to 1,500 PEV’s on up to 30 installations

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Pow

er (M

W)

Time of Day

Spinning Reserves Extra generation available to serve

load in case of unplanned event Good match for V2G

Peak Power Shaving Generation at times of high power

demand May be used for V2G

Aggregate Daily Load Curve

Frequency Regulation Used to regulate frequency and voltage of the grid by matching

instantaneous generation supply to load demand Best match for V2G

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$-

$200.00

$400.00

$600.00

$800.00

$1,000.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Mon

thly

Rev

enue

s

Bi-Directional Power Capacity (kw)

CY 2011 Monthly Frequency Regulation Revenues

CAISO (Southern)

ERCOT

PJM

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Optimization of Distributed Generators ◦ Typical energy surety posture on DOD installations consists of

distributed diesel generation located at mission critical locations ◦ Generators are commonly inefficient and sometimes unreliable ◦ V2G-capable PEV’s can act as mobile distributed energy resources

to optimize existing generator efficiencies and provide spot power to locations not typically identified as mission critical

Micro-Grid Integration ◦ Dozens of micro-grid demonstrations occurring across DOD,

including SPIDERS program ◦ PEV demonstrations at Ft Carson and Wheeler Army Air Field ◦ PEV’s can provide direct power and support Volt/VAR

Optimization to improve power quality

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Flight Line Example: ◦ Additional small mobile generators are also used to conduct

minor tests and operate basic tools ◦ These generators typically operate below their maximum capacity

and are delivered to the flight line by LD pick-up trucks ◦ A PHEV pick-up truck with exportable power eliminates the need

for generators and optimizes use of fuel on the flight line

Other Examples: ◦ Remote operations (e.g. air range) ◦ Communications vehicles ◦ Integration with renewable energy infrastructure ◦ Tailgating at the Army-Navy game

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Objective: Develop more viable leasing options for V2G PEVs by analyzing battery degradation and second life battery applications on DOD facilities.

Scope: Navy-funded testing & evaluation of up to 250 V2G batteries used in the DOD V2G Project and in a laboratory setting.

Status: Project Launched in September 2013 Highlights: Enables broadest possible implementation and potential

expansion of DOD V2G Project. o Largest “Second Life” battery project ever conducted.

Look Ahead: Battery procurement being aligned with V2G Project vehicle acquisitions.

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These types of lease terms are becoming commonplace for PEV sedans. Including $2,999 lease fee, this lease term is within $40/month of cheapest conventional vehicle from GSA schedule. Efforts underway to identify strategies to secure these types of leasing terms for DOD. A targeted acquisition strategy, called “Vector II,” is under development to ensure the best possible PEV lease terms.

Major OEM’s are producing PEV sedans largely to comply with California Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) requirements ◦ 10 additional states have fully adopted California regulations ◦ Requires OEMs to manufacture for sale a certain percentage of

ZEVs and other “green” vehicles based on annual sales per state Non-compliance results in a fine

A bulk lease of vehicles specific to ZEV states would likely dramatically reduce monthly lease costs ◦ Lease volume would be sufficient for the selected OEM to satisfy

all ZEV requirements for 1 year (~1,500 vehicles) ◦ OEM’s benefit by eliminating risk of non-compliance

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3rd party funding could provide mixed use (POV/GOV) charging stations at targeted installations

Discussions underway within DOD to identify optimal solution ◦ Exploring property leasing and other authorities

Requires positive business case that does not solely rely on government business to proceed

Notionally, DOD could work with OEMs to offer a reduced lease/purchase price for POV’s for individuals and families working/living on base ◦ This would help build a market for PEV charging stations and services that

extends beyond the government fleet ◦ Supports business case and ensures compliance with statutory authorities

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Discussion

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