Demographic Profile: Newtondocuments.atlantaregional.com/Profiles/City/Newton_NN.pdf · NEWTON...

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Demographic Profile: Newton

Transcript of Demographic Profile: Newtondocuments.atlantaregional.com/Profiles/City/Newton_NN.pdf · NEWTON...

Page 1: Demographic Profile: Newtondocuments.atlantaregional.com/Profiles/City/Newton_NN.pdf · NEWTON Decennial 2010 Profile Sex and Age 85 and over 80−84 70−74 75−79 65−69 50−54

Demographic Profile:Newton

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Contents

• Decennial 2010 Profile

• Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

• ACS 2014-18 Profile

• Technical Notes, ACS Profile

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NEWTON Decennial 2010 Profile

Sex and Age

85 and over

80−84

70−74

75−79

65−69

50−54

15−19

55−59

30−34

40−44

35−39

25−29

60−64

45−49

20−24

10−14

5−9

Under 5

40 20 0 20 40

Males

Females

Newton

85 and over

80−84

75−79

70−74

65−69

60−64

55−59

20−24

Under 5

10−14

30−34

25−29

5−9

50−54

15−19

40−44

35−39

45−49

400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000

Males

Females

Georgia

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Decennial 2010 Profile NEWTON

Race and Latino Origin

40%

51%

7% 1%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Newton

56%30%

3%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Georgia

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NEWTON Decennial 2010 Profile

Housing Tenure

19%

26%

39%

17%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Newton

43%

15%

30%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Georgia

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Decennial 2010 Profile NEWTON

Households by Type

32%

28%

40%Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Newton

48%

21%

31%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Georgia

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NEWTON Decennial 2010 Profile

Children by Household Type

32%

48%

19%

1%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Newton

57%28%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Georgia

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Decennial 2010 Profile NEWTON

SEX AND AGE Number PercentTotal population 654 100.0%

Under 5 years 56 8.6%5 to 9 years 52 8.0%10 to 14 years 51 7.8%15 to 19 years 35 5.4%20 to 24 years 57 8.7%25 to 29 years 37 5.7%30 to 34 years 38 5.8%35 to 39 years 43 6.6%40 to 44 years 36 5.5%45 to 49 years 55 8.4%50 to 54 years 37 5.7%55 to 59 years 32 4.9%60 to 64 years 46 7.0%65 to 69 years 25 3.8%70 to 74 years 17 2.6%75 to 79 years 21 3.2%80 to 84 years 10 1.5%85 years and over 6 0.9%

Median age (years) 35.1 (X)

16 years and over 487 74.5%18 years and over 473 72.3%21 years and over 444 67.9%62 years and over 106 16.2%65 years and over 79 12.1%

Male population 312 47.7%Under 5 years 25 3.8%5 to 9 years 21 3.2%10 to 14 years 21 3.2%15 to 19 years 20 3.1%20 to 24 years 30 4.6%25 to 29 years 14 2.1%30 to 34 years 19 2.9%35 to 39 years 22 3.4%40 to 44 years 16 2.4%45 to 49 years 31 4.7%50 to 54 years 22 3.4%55 to 59 years 15 2.3%60 to 64 years 23 3.5%65 to 69 years 12 1.8%70 to 74 years 8 1.2%75 to 79 years 9 1.4%80 to 84 years 3 0.5%85 years and over 1 0.2%

Median age (years) 36.3 (X)

16 years and over 241 36.9%18 years and over 231 35.3%21 years and over 217 33.2%

Continued on next page...

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NEWTON Decennial 2010 Profile

SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number Percent62 years and over 45 6.9%65 years and over 33 5.0%

Female population 342 52.3%Under 5 years 31 4.7%5 to 9 years 31 4.7%10 to 14 years 30 4.6%15 to 19 years 15 2.3%20 to 24 years 27 4.1%25 to 29 years 23 3.5%30 to 34 years 19 2.9%35 to 39 years 21 3.2%40 to 44 years 20 3.1%45 to 49 years 24 3.7%50 to 54 years 15 2.3%55 to 59 years 17 2.6%60 to 64 years 23 3.5%65 to 69 years 13 2.0%70 to 74 years 9 1.4%75 to 79 years 12 1.8%80 to 84 years 7 1.1%85 years and over 5 0.8%

Median age (years) 34.0 (X)

16 years and over 246 37.6%18 years and over 242 37.0%21 years and over 227 34.7%62 years and over 61 9.3%65 years and over 46 7.0%

RACE Number PercentTotal population 654 100.0%

One Race 647 98.9%White 279 42.7%Black or African American 337 51.5%American Indian and Alaska Native 2 0.3%Asian 0 0.0%

Asian Indian 0 0.0%Chinese 0 0.0%Filipino 0 0.0%Japanese 0 0.0%Korean 0 0.0%Vietnamese 0 0.0%Other Asian 0 0.0%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian 0 0.0%Guamanian or Chamorro 0 0.0%Samoan 0 0.0%Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%

Some Other Race 29 4.4%Two or More Races 7 1.1%

White; American Indian and Alaska Native 0 0.0%White; Asian 0 0.0%White; Black or African American 6 0.9%White; Some Other Race 0 0.0%

Continued on next page...

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Decennial 2010 Profile NEWTON

RACE (Continued) Number PercentRace alone or in combination with one or more other races:White 286 43.7%Black or African American 344 52.6%American Indian and Alaska Native 3 0.5%Asian 1 0.2%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Some Other Race 29 4.4%

HISPANIC OR LATINO Number PercentTotal population 654 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 47 7.2%Mexican 40 6.1%Puerto Rican 4 0.6%Cuban 0 0.0%Other Hispanic or Latino 3 0.5%

Not Hispanic or Latino 607 92.8%

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Number PercentTotal population 654 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino 47 7.2%White alone 17 2.6%Black or African American alone 1 0.2%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 0.0%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 29 4.4%Two or More Races 0 0.0%

Not Hispanic or Latino 607 92.8%White alone 262 40.1%Black or African American alone 336 51.4%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 2 0.3%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 0 0.0%Two or More Races 7 1.1%

RELATIONSHIP Number PercentTotal population 654 100.0%

In households 654 100.0%Householder 263 40.2%Spouse 83 12.7%Child 208 31.8%

Own child under 18 years 144 22.0%Other relatives 60 9.2%

Under 18 years 35 5.4%65 years and over 3 0.5%

Nonrelatives 40 6.1%Under 18 years 2 0.3%65 years and over 2 0.3%

Unmarried partner 20 3.1%

In group quarters 0 0.0%Institutionalized population 0 0.0%

Male 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

Noninstitutionalized population 0 0.0%Continued on next page...

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NEWTON Decennial 2010 Profile

RELATIONSHIP (Continued) Number PercentMale 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Number PercentTotal households 263 100.0%

Family households (families) 157 59.7%With own children under 18 years 66 25.1%

Husband-wife family 83 31.6%With own children under 18 years 31 11.8%

Male householder, no wife present 13 4.9%With own children under 18 years 5 1.9%

Female householder, no husband present 61 23.2%With own children under 18 years 30 11.4%

Nonfamily households 106 40.3%Householder living alone 92 35.0%

Male 49 18.6%65 years and over 5 1.9%

Female 43 16.3%65 years and over 21 8.0%

Households with individuals under 18 years 83 31.6%Households with individuals 65 years and over 62 23.6%

Average household size 2.49 (X)Average family size 3.24 (X)

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Number PercentTotal housing units 316 100.0%

Occupied housing units 263 83.2%Vacant housing units 53 16.8%

For rent 15 4.7%Rented, not occupied 0 0.0%For sale only 4 1.3%Sold, not occupied 1 0.3%For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 3 0.9%All other vacants 30 9.5%

Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 2.7 (X)Rental vacancy rate (percent) 10.9 (X)

HOUSING TENURE Number PercentOccupied housing units 263 100.0%

Owner-occupied housing units 141 53.6%Population in owner-occupied housing units 336 (X)Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.38 (X)

Renter-occupied housing units 122 46.4%Population in renter-occupied housing units 318 (X)Average household size of renter-occupied units 2.61 (X)

Notes:∞ Data could not be computed (see Technical Notes).

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

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Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2010 Census of Populationand Housing. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the DP-1 profiles availablevia the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 De mographic Profiles?

The short answer is that the 2010 Census form asked only 10 questions, and that many items of interest(e.g. income, educational attainment, employment status, rents paid) no longer appear on the question-naire.

A longer answer involves a bit of history to understand recent changes in how the Census Bureaucollects data. First, it is worth noting that the decennial census is a constitutional requirement– Article I,Section 2 requires an enumeration of inhabitants once every 10 years to determine apportionment of theHouse of Representatives. But the only constitutional requirement is the count itself; the government haslong seen fit to gather other data about the nation as an add-on to this process. Indeed, from 1940 until2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire population) simultaneouslywith a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a ”shortform” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the ”shortform” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered to asample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households).

Because the decennial census takes place only once every ten years, it provides a single ”snapshot”of the country. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to anew ”continuous measurement” model followed by the American Community Survey (ACS), which had itsnationwide launch in 2005. The ACS is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

So will the most recent ACS fill in for the missing 2010 data?

Though the ACS is intended to replace the decennial long form, it is not a direct substitute. The twodiffer in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.”

When faced with a period of rapid change such as the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooledestimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. Sowhile the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interested in the effects of the Great Recession on

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large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimatesare available), it has created new challenges for people interested in small cities and neighborhoods withinlarger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

How do you estimate medians, and why cannot they be estimated all of the time?

The median is that value that marks the 50% line in a population: 50% of the population is above themedian and 50% is below. With individual level data, one can simply sort the data and find the middlevalue (if the number of items is odd) or take the average of the two middlemost values (if the number ofitems is even). However, the Census Bureau reports grouped data, e.g. how many households fall into aparticular income range. Estimating medians from grouped data involves finding the range that contains themiddlemost value, then estimating the point within that range that the middlemost value would occupy. Themedian cannot be estimated if it falls within a range lacking a minimum or maximum value.

Why do you note that some figures are based on tract-level data ?

The Census Bureau reports most of the data used in this report at the census block level, a very granularlevel of geography. However, some data are reported only for census tracts, which are generally muchlarger. Because the geographic areas in this report are built from blocks, data reported only for tracts mustbe re-estimated to the block level. We do this by assigning tract-level data to blocks based on the proportionof the tract population residing within each block comprising that tract.

Why do you note that certain fields in this report may differ sl ightly from DP-1 totals?

A very small number of data fields were reported differently in the SF1 release (where block-level dataare made available) and in the DP-1 release (data released no lower than the tract. For example, thequestion of whether Chinese and Taiwanese are the same nationality was handled differently in the tworeleases. Though minor, these differences are flagged in our reports.

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NEWTON ACS 2014-18 Profile

Percent without a High School Diploma or GED

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Percent with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

2

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ACS 2014-18 Profile NEWTON

Percent Foreign-Born

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Percent Speaking a Language other than English at Home

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

3

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NEWTON ACS 2014-18 Profile

Percent Owner-Occupied

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Dol

lars

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

4

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ACS 2014-18 Profile NEWTON

Homeowner Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Rental Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

5

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NEWTON ACS 2014-18 Profile

Percent of Homeowners for whom Selected Monthly Owner Costs Exceed 30% of Income

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Percent of Housing Units Built Since 2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

6

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ACS 2014-18 Profile NEWTON

Percent of Persons Living outside Home County 1 Year Earlier

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Median Household Income

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

Dol

lars

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

7

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NEWTON ACS 2014-18 Profile

Percent Civilian Unemployed

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Percent in Poverty

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

Newton Baker County Southwest Georgia Georgia

Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

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ACS 2014-18 Profile NEWTON

Selected Social Characteristics

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal households 320 ±73 320 (X)

Family households (families) 191 ±50 59.7% ±7.7With own children of the householder under 18 years 103 ±45 32.2% ±11.9

Married-couple family 132 ±46 41.3% ±10.9With own children of the householder under 18 years 65 ±38 20.3% ±10.9

Male householder, no wife present, family 10 ±13 3.1% ±4.0With own children of the householder under 18 years 3 ±5 0.9% ±1.5

Female householder, no husband present, family 49 ±25 15.3% ±7.0With own children of the householder under 18 years 35 ±23 10.9% ±6.7

Nonfamily households 129 ±48 40.3% ±11.9Householder living alone 129 ±48 40.3% ±11.965 years and over 40 ±26 12.5% ±7.6

Households with one or more people under 18 years 125 ±44 39.1% ±10.5Households with one or more people 65 years and over 109 ±37 34.1% ±8.6

Average household size 2.63 ±0.27 (X) (X)Average family size 3.65 ±1.22 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation in households 840 ±210 840 (X)

Householder 320 ±69 38.1% ±12.6Spouse 133 ±48 15.8% ±4.1Child 284 ±106 33.8% ±9.4Other relatives 89 ±69 10.6% ±7.8Nonrelatives 14 ±23 1.7% ±2.7

Unmarried partner 11 ±22 1.3% ±2.6

MARITAL STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorMales 15 years and over 294 ±85 294 (X)

Never married 117 ±61 39.8% ±17.3Now married, except separated 143 ±54 48.6% ±11.6Separated 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.4Widowed 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.4Divorced 34 ±26 11.6% ±8.2

Females 15 years and over 340 ±95 340 (X)Never married 96 ±62 28.2% ±16.4Now married, except separated 122 ±43 35.9% ±7.7Separated 24 ±26 7.1% ±7.4Widowed 67 ±43 19.7% ±11.4Divorced 31 ±20 9.1% ±5.3

FERTILITY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birthin the past 12 months

15 ±12 15 (X)

Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never married) 7 ±12 46.7% ±70.8Per 1,000 unmarried women 69 ±111 (X) (X)

Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 85 ±60 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 0 ±9192 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 66 ±142 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 132 ±323 (X) (X)

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NEWTON ACS 2014-18 Profile

GRANDPARENTS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of grandparents living with own grandchil-dren under 18 years

35 ±38 35 (X)

Grandparents responsible for grandchildren 0 ±13 0.0% ±37.1Years responsible for grandchildren

Less than 1 year 0 ±18 0.0% ±52.51 or 2 years 0 ±13 0.0% ±37.13 or 4 years 0 ±13 0.0% ±37.15 or more years 0 ±13 0.0% ±37.1

Number of grandparents responsible for own grand-children under 18 years

0 ±13 0 (X)

Who are female 0 ±13 .% ±.Who are married 0 ±13 .% ±.

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 182 ±82 182 (X)

Nursery school, preschool 27 ±25 14.8% ±12.0Kindergarten 11 ±20 6.0% ±10.6Elementary school (grades 1-8) 83 ±47 45.6% ±15.8High school (grades 9-12) 48 ±42 26.4% ±19.8College or graduate school 13 ±17 7.1% ±8.8

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 25 years and over 538 ±130 538 (X)

Less than 9th grade 46 ±39 8.6% ±7.09th to 12th grade, no diploma 85 ±46 15.8% ±7.6High school graduate (includes equivalency) 202 ±66 37.5% ±8.3Some college, no degree 95 ±49 17.7% ±8.1Associate’s degree 44 ±26 8.2% ±4.4Bachelor’s degree 63 ±41 11.7% ±7.2Graduate or professional degree 3 ±29 0.6% ±5.5

Percent high school graduate or higher 75.7% ±3.5 (X) (X)Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 12.3% ±9.0 (X) (X)

VETERAN STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian population 18 years and over 619 ±149 619 (X)

Civilian veterans 57 ±37 9.2% ±5.6

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 840 ±210 840 (X)With a disability 125 ±54 14.9% ±5.3

Under 18 years 221 ±80 221 (X)With a disability 0 ±26 0.0% ±11.8

18 to 64 years 463 ±112 463 (X)With a disability 54 ±33 11.7% ±6.5

65 years and over 156 ±53 156 (X)With a disability 71 ±34 45.5% ±15.8

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ACS 2014-18 Profile NEWTON

RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 1 year and over 835 ±209 835 (X)

Same house 786 ±203 94.1% ±6.0Different house in the U.S. 49 ±45 5.9% ±5.2

Same county 22 ±34 2.6% ±4.0Different county 27 ±29 3.2% ±3.4Same state 14 ±19 1.7% ±2.2Different state 13 ±22 1.6% ±2.6

Abroad 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.6

PLACE OF BIRTH Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 840 ±210 840 (X)

Native 808 ±205 96.2% ±4.2Born in United States 806 ±202 96.0% ±1.2State of residence 711 ±192 84.6% ±8.6Different state 95 ±62 11.3% ±6.8

Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad toAmerican parent(s)

2 ±4 0.2% ±0.5

Foreign born 32 ±36 3.8% ±4.2

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population 32 ±36 32 (X)

Naturalized U.S. citizen 0 ±13 0.0% ±40.6Not a U.S. citizen 32 ±36 100.0% ±0.0

YEAR OF ENTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation born outside the United States 34 ±36 34 (X)

Native 2 ±23 2 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±650.0Entered before 2010 2 ±19 100.0% ±1480.7

Foreign born 32 ±36 32 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±40.6Entered before 2010 32 ±34 100.0% ±154.5

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population, excluding population bornat sea

32 ±36 32 (X)

Europe 0 ±13 0.0% ±40.6Asia 16 ±27 50.0% ±62.9Africa 0 ±13 0.0% ±40.6Oceania 0 ±13 0.0% ±40.6Latin America 16 ±25 50.0% ±54.2Northern America 0 ±13 0.0% ±40.6

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 5 years and over 760 ±188 760 (X)

English only 711 ±157 93.6% ±31.0Language other than English 49 ±55 6.4% ±7.0

Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±78 0.0% ±10.3Spanish 31 ±36 4.1% ±4.7Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±5.1

Other Indo-European languages 18 ±26 2.4% ±3.3Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±5.1

Asian and Pacific Islander languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±3.0Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±5.1

Other languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±3.0Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±5.1

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NEWTON ACS 2014-18 Profile

ANCESTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 840 ±210 840 (X)

American 62 ±39 7.4% ±4.3Arab 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Czech 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Danish 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Dutch 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5English 31 ±25 3.7% ±2.8French (except Basque) 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5French Canadian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5German 16 ±13 1.9% ±1.5Greek 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Hungarian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Irish 30 ±26 3.6% ±3.0Italian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Lithuanian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Norwegian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Polish 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Portuguese 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Russian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Scotch-Irish 3 ±4 0.4% ±0.5Scottish 10 ±14 1.2% ±1.6Slovak 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Subsaharan African 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Swedish 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Swiss 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Ukranian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Welsh 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5

COMPUTERS AND INTERNET USE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Households 320 ±73 320 (X)

With a computer 197 ±70 61.6% ±16.8With a broadband Internet subscription 150 ±55 46.9% ±13.5

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ACS 2014-18 Profile NEWTON

Selected Economic Characteristics

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 16 years and over 634 ±154 634 (X)

In labor force 285 ±89 45.0% ±8.9Civilian labor force 285 ±89 45.0% ±8.9Employed 280 ±90 44.2% ±9.3Unemployed 5 ±64 0.8% ±10.1

Armed Forces 0 ±58 0.0% ±9.2Not in labor force 349 ±94 55.0% ±6.5

Civilian labor force 285 ±89 285 (X)Unemployment Rate 1.8% ±22.5 (X) (X)

Females 16 years and over 340 ±95 340 (X)In labor force 140 ±58 41.2% ±12.6

Civilian labor force 140 ±58 41.2% ±12.6Employed 138 ±59 40.6% ±13.3

own children of the householder under 6 years 105 ±64 105 (X)All parents in family in labor force 40 ±37 38.1% ±26.0

own children of the householder 6 to 17 years 102 ±57 102 (X)All parents in family in labor force 73 ±52 71.6% ±31.3

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NEWTON ACS 2014-18 Profile

COMMUTING TO WORK Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorWorkers 16 years and over 271 ±105 271 (X)

Car, truck, or van – drove alone 240 ±103 88.6% ±16.3Car, truck, or van – carpooled 24 ±21 8.9% ±6.9Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.8Walked 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.8Other means 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.8Worked at home 7 ±11 2.6% ±3.9

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 19.1 ±4.0 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 280 ±90 280 (X)

Management, business, science, and arts occupations 54 ±31 19.3% ±9.4Service occupations 25 ±21 8.9% ±7.1Sales and office occupations 83 ±64 29.6% ±20.7Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupa-tions

76 ±45 27.1% ±13.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 42 ±37 15.0% ±12.4

INDUSTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 280 ±90 280 (X)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 24 ±22 8.6% ±7.2Construction 30 ±30 10.7% ±10.1Manufacturing 22 ±31 7.9% ±10.7Wholesale trade 17 ±24 6.1% ±8.3Retail trade 52 ±40 18.6% ±12.8Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 0 ±18 0.0% ±6.6Information 0 ±18 0.0% ±6.6Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 17 ±29 6.1% ±10.2Professional, scientific, and management, and administrativeand waste management services

11 ±13 3.9% ±10.2

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 39 ±27 13.9% ±10.2Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation andfood services

6 ±14 2.1% ±5.1

Other services, except public administration 11 ±18 3.9% ±6.2Public administration 51 ±31 18.2% ±9.4

CLASS OF WORKER Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 280 ±90 280 (X)

Private wage and salary workers 187 ±73 66.8% ±15.0Government workers 87 ±46 31.1% ±12.9Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 6 ±7 2.1% ±2.5Unpaid family workers 0 ±18 0.0% ±6.6

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ACS 2014-18 Profile NEWTON

INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2018 INFLATION-ADJUSTEDDOLLARS)

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total households 320 ±73 320 (X)Less than $10,000 86 ±37 26.9% ±9.8$10,000 to $14,999 50 ±32 15.6% ±9.3$15,000 to $24,999 27 ±23 8.4% ±7.1$25,000 to $34,999 39 ±32 12.2% ±9.6$35,000 to $49,999 33 ±28 10.3% ±9.6$50,000 to $74,999 47 ±26 14.7% ±9.6$75,000 to $99,999 18 ±20 5.6% ±6.1$100,000 to $149,999 8 ±19 2.5% ±5.9$150,000 to $199,999 12 ±15 3.8% ±4.6$200,000 or more 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Median household income (dollars) 24,464 ±11,243 (X) (X)Mean household income (dollars) 36,622 ±8,927 (X) (X)

With earnings 141 ±50 44.1% ±12.0Mean earnings (dollars) 59,690 ±14,426 (X) (X)

With Social Security 138 ±51 43.1% ±12.5Mean Social Security income (dollars) 17,170 ±2,513 (X) (X)

With retirement income 19 ±17 5.9% ±5.1Mean retirement income (dollars) 27,137 ±21,158 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 36 ±24 11.3% ±7.0Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) 7,353 ±1,214 (X) (X)

With cash public assistance income 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) . ±. (X) (X)

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 73 ±35 22.8% ±9.6

Families 191 ±50 191 (X)Less than $10,000 30 ±23 15.7% ±11.3$10,000 to $14,999 6 ±6 3.1% ±3.0$15,000 to $24,999 14 ±18 7.3% ±9.1$25,000 to $34,999 42 ±32 22.0% ±15.7$35,000 to $49,999 21 ±24 11.0% ±12.1$50,000 to $74,999 40 ±24 20.9% ±11.2$75,000 to $99,999 18 ±20 9.4% ±10.2$100,000 to $149,999 8 ±19 4.2% ±9.9$150,000 to $199,999 12 ±15 6.3% ±7.7$200,000 or more 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.8Median family income (dollars) 42,656 ±21,876 (X) (X)Mean family income (dollars) 51,061 ±13,598 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 15,513 ±3,443 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 129 ±48 129 (X)Median nonfamily income (dollars) 12,361 ±4,790 (X) (X)Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 14,884 ±6,061 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) 27,188 ±4,626 (X) (X)Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

28,676 ±5,474 (X) (X)

Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

33,333 ±10,261 (X) (X)

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NEWTON ACS 2014-18 Profile

HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian noninstitutionalized population 840 ±210 840 (X)With health insurance coverage 736 ±164 87.6% ±29.3With private health insurance 331 ±120 39.4% ±10.4With public coverage 436 ±118 51.9% ±5.5No health insurance coverage 104 ±51 12.4% ±5.2

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 1 years 224 ±95 224 (X)No health insurance coverage 13 ±16 5.8% ±6.5

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 19 to 64 years 460 ±129 460 (X)In labor force: 261 ±103 261 (X)Employed: 258 ±103 258 (X)With health insurance coverage 214 ±97 82.9% ±17.8With private health insurance 210 ±96 81.4% ±18.1With public coverage 4 ±6 1.6% ±2.2No health insurance coverage 44 ±30 17.1% ±9.4

Unemployed: 3 ±5 3 (X)With health insurance coverage 0 ±13 0.0% ±433.3With private health insurance 0 ±13 0.0% ±433.3With public coverage 0 ±13 0.0% ±433.3No health insurance coverage 3 ±5 100.0% ±0.0

Not in labor force: 199 ±73 199 (X)With health insurance coverage 155 ±73 77.9% ±23.0With private health insurance 31 ±27 15.6% ±12.3With public coverage 127 ±67 63.8% ±24.2No health insurance coverage 44 ±30 22.1% ±12.7

PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE IN-COME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THEPOVERTY LEVEL

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

All families 26.2% ±13.0 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 37.6% ±20.6 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only62.5% ±53.4 (X) (X)

Married couple families 12.9% ±12.8 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 16.7% ±19.7 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only0.0% ±108.3 (X) (X)

Families with female householder, no husband present 67.3% ±28.9 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 86.8% ±26.7 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only100.0% ±168.6 (X) (X)

All people 29.3% ±10.6 (X) (X)Under 18 years 32.6% ±16.8 (X) (X)

related children of the householder under 18 years 32.6% ±12.0 (X) (X)related children of the householder under 5 years 36.3% ±35.1 (X) (X)related children of the householder 5 to 17 years 30.5% ±21.1 (X) (X)

18 years and over 28.1% ±9.5 (X) (X)18 to 64 years 30.5% ±11.0 (X) (X)65 years and over 21.2% ±18.3 (X) (X)

People in families 24.4% ±13.4 (X) (X)Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 53.1% ±13.7 (X) (X)

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ACS 2014-18 Profile NEWTON

Selected Housing Characteristics

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 387 ±68 387 (X)

Occupied housing units 320 ±73 82.7% ±12.0Vacant housing units 67 ±27 17.3% ±6.3

Homeowner vacancy rate 0.0 ±8.3 (X) (X)Rental vacancy rate 10.5 ±8.3 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 387 ±68 387 (X)

1-unit, detached 167 ±63 43.2% ±14.41-unit, attached 0 ±13 0.0% ±3.42 units 23 ±22 5.9% ±5.63 or 4 units 23 ±21 5.9% ±5.35 to 9 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±3.410 to 19 units 3 ±4 0.8% ±1.020 or more units 0 ±18 0.0% ±4.8Mobile home 171 ±43 44.2% ±7.9Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±3.4

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 387 ±68 387 (X)

Built 2014 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±3.4Built 2010 to 2013 3 ±5 0.8% ±1.3Built 2000 to 2009 30 ±26 7.8% ±6.6Built 1990 to 1999 119 ±45 30.7% ±6.6Built 1980 to 1989 74 ±41 19.1% ±10.0Built 1970 to 1979 66 ±31 17.1% ±7.4Built 1960 to 1969 41 ±32 10.6% ±8.1Built 1950 to 1959 36 ±29 9.3% ±7.3Built 1940 to 1949 9 ±12 2.3% ±3.1Built 1939 or earlier 9 ±10 2.3% ±2.6

ROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 387 ±68 387 (X)

1 room 43 ±31 11.1% ±7.82 rooms 0 ±13 0.0% ±3.43 rooms 47 ±28 12.1% ±6.94 rooms 72 ±39 18.6% ±9.55 rooms 92 ±48 23.8% ±11.76 rooms 69 ±32 17.8% ±7.77 rooms 46 ±30 11.9% ±7.58 rooms 10 ±12 2.6% ±3.19 rooms or more 8 ±8 2.1% ±2.0Median rooms 4.8 ±0.4 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 387 ±68 387 (X)

No bedroom 43 ±31 11.1% ±7.81 bedroom 8 ±9 2.1% ±2.32 bedrooms 72 ±31 18.6% ±7.33 bedrooms 245 ±63 63.3% ±11.94 bedrooms 19 ±21 4.9% ±5.45 or more bedrooms 0 ±13 0.0% ±3.4

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NEWTON ACS 2014-18 Profile

HOUSING TENURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 320 ±73 320 (X)

Owner-occupied 156 ±60 48.8% ±15.1Renter-occupied 164 ±54 51.2% ±12.2

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 2.63 ±0.50 (X) (X)Average household size of renter-occupied unit 2.62 ±0.46 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 320 ±73 320 (X)

Moved in 2017 or later 3 ±14 0.9% ±4.3Moved in 2015 to 2016 15 ±16 4.7% ±4.9Moved in 2010 to 2014 98 ±40 30.6% ±10.3Moved in 2000 to 2009 71 ±41 22.2% ±11.9Moved in 1990 to 1999 88 ±42 27.5% ±11.6Moved in 1989 or earlier 45 ±27 14.1% ±7.9

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 320 ±73 320 (X)

No vehicles available 30 ±23 9.4% ±7.01 vehicle available 113 ±44 35.3% ±11.32 vehicles available 105 ±55 32.8% ±15.63 or more vehicles available 72 ±37 22.5% ±10.3

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 320 ±73 320 (X)

Utility gas 10 ±15 3.1% ±4.6Bottled, tank, or LP gas 10 ±10 3.1% ±3.0Electricity 300 ±70 93.8% ±4.6Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Coal or coke 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Wood 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Solar energy 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Other fuel 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1No fuel used 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 320 ±73 320 (X)

Lacking complete plumbing facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Lacking complete kitchen facilities 4 ±7 1.3% ±2.2No telephone service available 3 ±14 0.9% ±4.2

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 320 ±73 320 (X)

1.00 or less 291 ±76 90.9% ±11.31.01 to 1.50 9 ±13 2.8% ±3.91.51 or more 20 ±30 6.3% ±9.2

VALUE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 156 ±60 156 (X)

Less than $50,000 27 ±29 17.3% ±17.1$50,000 to $99,999 93 ±43 59.6% ±15.8$100,000 to $149,999 26 ±22 16.7% ±12.4$150,000 to $199,999 3 ±14 1.9% ±9.1$200,000 to $299,999 0 ±18 0.0% ±11.8$300,000 to $499,999 7 ±18 4.5% ±11.2$500,000 to $999,999 0 ±18 0.0% ±11.8$1,000,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±14.4Median (dollars) 69,700 ±18,450 (X) (X)

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ACS 2014-18 Profile NEWTON

MORTGAGE STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 156 ±60 156 (X)

Housing units with a mortgage 100 ±50 64.1% ±20.5Housing units without a mortgage 56 ±29 35.9% ±12.4

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorHousing units with a mortgage 100 ±50 100 (X)

Less than $500 0 ±26 0.0% ±26.0$500 to $999 84 ±46 84.0% ±19.6$1,000 to $1,499 11 ±18 11.0% ±17.5$1,500 to $1,999 5 ±7 5.0% ±6.5$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±13.0$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±13.0$3,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±22.5Median (dollars) 755 ±97 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 56 ±29 56 (X)Less than $250 18 ±24 32.1% ±38.7$250 to $399 18 ±27 32.1% ±45.6$400 to $599 6 ±8 10.7% ±13.3$600 to $799 14 ±14 25.0% ±20.6$800 to $999 0 ±18 0.0% ±32.8$1,000 or more 0 ±32 0.0% ±56.9Median (dollars) 328 ±85 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENT-AGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI)

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units whereSMOCAPI cannot be computed)

100 ±48 100 (X)

Less than 20.0 percent 39 ±27 39.0% ±18.920.0 to 24.9 percent 22 ±21 22.0% ±18.125.0 to 29.9 percent 3 ±6 3.0% ±5.830.0 to 34.9 percent 3 ±4 3.0% ±3.735.0 percent or more 33 ±34 33.0% ±29.6

Not computed 0 ±13 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding unitswhere SMOCAPI cannot be computed)

50 ±30 50 (X)

Less than 10.0 percent 4 ±7 8.0% ±13.210.0 to 14.9 percent 2 ±4 4.0% ±7.615.0 to 19.9 percent 14 ±15 28.0% ±24.920.0 to 24.9 percent 2 ±4 4.0% ±7.625.0 to 29.9 percent 7 ±12 14.0% ±22.530.0 to 34.9 percent 4 ±7 8.0% ±13.235.0 percent or more 17 ±20 34.0% ±34.5

Not computed 6 ±10 (X) (X)

GROSS RENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied units paying rent 154 ±54 154 (X)

Less than $500 92 ±49 59.7% ±23.6$500 to $999 54 ±38 35.1% ±21.4$1,000 to $1,499 8 ±19 5.2% ±12.3$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±8.4$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±8.4$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±8.4$3,000 or more 0 ±18 0.0% ±11.9Median (dollars) 400 ±142 (X) (X)

No rent paid 10 ±15 (X) (X)

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NEWTON ACS 2014-18 Profile

GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD IN-COME (GRAPI)

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Occupied units paying rent (excluding units whereGRAPI cannot be computed)

121 ±53 121 (X)

Less than 15.0 percent 36 ±26 29.8% ±17.215.0 to 19.9 percent 16 ±17 13.2% ±12.820.0 to 24.9 percent 15 ±25 12.4% ±19.925.0 to 29.9 percent 6 ±6 5.0% ±4.530.0 to 34.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±10.735.0 percent or more 48 ±31 39.7% ±19.1

Not computed 43 ±31 (X) (X)

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ACS 2014-18 Profile NEWTON

Selected Demographic Characteristics

SEX AND AGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Population 840 ±210 840 (X)

Male 405 ±122 48.2% ±8.1Female 435 ±126 51.8% ±7.6Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 93.1 ±7.7 (X) (X)

Under 5 years 80 ±46 9.5% ±5.05 to 9 years 73 ±50 8.7% ±5.610 to 14 years 53 ±40 6.3% ±4.415 to 19 years 21 ±22 2.5% ±2.520 to 24 years 75 ±45 8.9% ±4.925 to 34 years 167 ±66 19.9% ±6.135 to 44 years 60 ±41 7.1% ±4.645 to 54 years 97 ±42 11.5% ±4.255 to 59 years 19 ±18 2.3% ±2.160 to 64 years 39 ±34 4.6% ±3.965 to 74 years 104 ±43 12.4% ±4.175 to 84 years 41 ±32 4.9% ±3.685 years and over 11 ±20 1.3% ±2.3

Median age (years) 29.9 ±8.2 (X) (X)

Under 18 years 221 ±81 26.3% ±7.116 years and over 634 ±154 75.5% ±26.318 years and over 619 ±122 73.7% ±23.521 years and over 609 ±121 72.5% ±23.162 years and over 180 ±65 21.4% ±5.565 years and over 156 ±58 18.6% ±5.0

18 years and over 619 ±122 619 (X)Male 279 ±85 45.1% ±10.6Female 340 ±87 54.9% ±9.0Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 82.1 ±13.8 (X) (X)

65 years and over 156 ±58 156 (X)Male 49 ±33 31.4% ±17.8Female 107 ±47 68.6% ±16.5Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 45.8 ±23.5 (X) (X)

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NEWTON ACS 2014-18 Profile

RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 840 ±210 840 (X)

One race 840 ±210 100.0% ±0.0Two or more races 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5One race 840 ±210 100.0% ±0.0

White 500 ±153 59.5% ±10.5Black or African American 305 ±147 36.3% ±15.0American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Cherokee tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Chippewa tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Navajo tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Sioux tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5

Asian 35 ±60 4.2% ±7.1Asian Indian 35 ±60 4.2% ±7.1Chinese 0 ±18 0.0% ±2.2Filipino 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Japanese 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Korean 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Vietnamese 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Other Asian 0 ±54 0.0% ±6.4

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Native Hawaiian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Guamanian or Chamorro 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Samoan 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Other Pacific Islander 0 ±37 0.0% ±4.4

Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Two or more races 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5

White and Black or African American 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5White and American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5White and Asian 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Black or African American and American Indian andAlaska Native

0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5

Race alone or in combination with one or more other racesTotal population 840 ±210 840 (X)

White 500 ±153 59.5% ±10.5Black or African American 305 ±147 36.3% ±15.0American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Asian 35 ±60 4.2% ±7.1Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 840 ±210 840 (X)

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 38 ±55 4.5% ±6.4Mexican 38 ±55 4.5% ±6.4Puerto Rican 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Cuban 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Other Hispanic or Latino 0 ±26 0.0% ±3.1

Not Hispanic or Latino 802 ±208 95.5% ±6.6White alone 462 ±152 55.0% ±11.8Black or African American alone 305 ±147 36.3% ±15.0American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Asian alone 35 ±60 4.2% ±7.1Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Some other race alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Two or more races 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Two races including Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Two races excluding Some other race, and 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.5Three or more races

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ACS 2014-18 Profile NEWTON

CITIZEN, VOTING AGE POPULATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCitizen, 18 and over population 587 ±127 587 (X)

Male 263 ±82 44.8% ±10.1Female 324 ±97 55.2% ±11.4

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014-18 American Community SurveyValues marked with a period denote estimates that could not be computed.Values marked ***** denote ’controlled’ estimates for which statistical tests for sampling variability are not appropriate.

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

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Technical Notes, ACS Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2014-2018 American Commu-nity Survey 5-year estimates. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the ACS-based ”fact sheets” available via the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

What is the American Community Survey, and What is a 5-Year Es timate?

The American Community Survey is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

From 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire popu-lation) and a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a”short form” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the”short form” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered toa sample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households). As the nameimplies, the decennial census took place only once every ten years, providing a single ”snapshot” of thecountry. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to the new”continuous measurement” model of the ACS, which had its nationwide launch in 2005.

Though the ACS is a replacement for the long form component of the census, it is not a direct substitute.The two differ in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.” When faced with a period of rapid change such the onsetof the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having afirm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interestedin the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areasfor which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created new challenges for people interested insmall cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

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What is a Margin of Error, and Why is its Calculation so Import ant?

It is not feasible to administer the long form or the ACS to the entire population. Fortunately, this is notnecessary: just like a single spoonful can tell you if a pot of soup has enough salt, a reasonable estimateof a population may be derived from a quality sample. The quality of a sample depends on two factors: itsrepresentativeness and its size. In some sense, the representativeness is the more important of the two: abiased sample, however large, can never yield a good estimate. After adding salt to your soup but beforetasting, you stir the soup. Otherwise you’ll get a spoonful of extra-salty soup not representative of the potas a whole. Randomly sampling the population has the same effect as stirring the soup: you get a samplethat is representative of the population from which it was drawn. But the spoonful of soup doesn’t haveexactly the same proportion of salt as the rest of the pot: it contains the ”true” amount, plus or minus someamount due to chance. We call that chance variation from the true amount ”sampling error.” The larger thesample, the smaller that error is likely to be, though the marginal reduction in sampling error of increasingthe sample size by a unit declines as the number of units goes up.

Proper reporting of a sample-based estimate, therefore, requires three pieces of information: a ”pointestimate” (our best estimate of the actual value), plus a margin of error, given a particular confidence level(which allow assessment of the quality of the estimate): we are 90% confident that the pot of soup has 8,500milligrams of salt, plus or minus 500 milligrams. Holding a sample size constant, increasing the confidencelevel forces us to increase the margin of error (we would have to increase the size of the range to be 99%confident that our range contains the true value).

When applying this concept to the ACS, we should first note that the Census Bureau typically reportsa 90% confidence interval: we are 90% certain that the true number lies within the reported range. Whenlooking at counties or large cities, the samples are large and the confidence intervals small. But for smallercities and geographies such as census tracts, even the five-year pooled sample is quite small– yieldinga rather large confidence interval. When the confidence intervals for two areas overlap, we cannot tellwhether the difference we observed is real or an artifact caused by sampling error (or, to use the technicalterm, the differences are not ”statistically significant”).

Although you can simply add the raw population of two census tracts together, estimating the marginof error for the resultant area is somewhat more complicated. To estimate the margin of error for numbersand proportions, we follow the method recommended in Appendix 3 of the Census Bureau’s publicationA Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data UsersNeed to Know. To estimate the margin of error for medians, we follow the method recommended on pages16-17 of 2005-2009 ACS 5-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data.

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What tables from the ACS were used to compile these Demograph ic Profiles?

SOCIALIndicators Table(s)Households by Type B11001Average Household Size B09019, B11001Relationship B09019Marital Status B12001Fertility B13002Grandparents B10050School Enrollment B14001Educational Attainment B15002Veteran Status B21001Disability Status B18101Residence 1 Year Ago B07003Place of Birth B05002Year of Entry, Native B05005World Region of Birth of Foreign Born B05006Language Spoken at Home B16004Ancestry B04006Computers and Interned Use B28002, B28003

ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Employment Status B23001Employment for parents of Own Children B23008Commuting to Work B08101Mean Travel Time to Work B08013, B08101Occupation C24010Industry C24030Class of Worker B24080Household Income B19001Median Household Income B19013Mean Household Income B19025, B19001Households with Earnings B19051Mean Earnings B19061, B19051Households with Social Security B19055Mean Social Security B19065, B19055Households with Retirement Income B19059Mean Retirement Income B19069, B19059Households with SSI Income B19056Mean SSI Income B19066, B19056

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ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Households with Public Assistance Income B19057Mean Public Assistance Income B19067, B19057Households with Food Stamp/SNAP Income B22001Family Income B19101Median Family Income B19113Mean Family Income B19127, B19101Per Capita Income B19313, B01001Median Non-Family Income B19202Mean Non-Family Income B19214, B19201Median Earnings for Workers B20017Health Insurance Coverage B18135, B27011Poverty: Families B17010Poverty: People B17001Poverty: Related Children B17006Poverty: Related People in Families B17021Poverty: Unrelated individuals 15 years and over B17007

HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Housing Occupancy B25002Homeowner vacancy rate B25003, B25004Rental vacancy rate B25003, B25004Units in Structure B25024Year Structure Built B25034Rooms B25017Median Number of rooms B25018Bedrooms B25041Housing Tenure B25009Average Household size of occupied units B25008, B25003Year Householder Moved into Unit B25038Vehicles Available B25044House Heating Fuel B25040Selected Characteristics: Lacking Plumbing B25048Selected Characteristics: Lacking CompleteKitchen

B25052

Selected Characteristics: Lacking Telephone B25043Occupants per Room B25014Value of Housing Unit B25075Median housing unit value B25077Mortgage Status B25081

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HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25087Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25088Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentageof Household Income

B25091

Gross Rent B25063Median Gross Rent B25064Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household In-come

B25070

DEMOGRAPHICIndicators Table(s)Sex and Age B01001Median Age B01002Race C02003Tribal Groupings B02005Asian Groupings B02006Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Groupings B02007Race Alone or In Combination with One or MoreOther Races

B02008, B02009, B02010, B02011, B02012, B02013

Hispanic or Latino and Race B03001, B03002